專題07 重點語法知識梳理一：現(xiàn)在完成時及專練100題（原卷版）-2021-2022學年八年級英語下學期期末考點大串講（牛津上海版）

專題07重點語法知識梳理一：現(xiàn)在完成時及專練100題Grammar1：現(xiàn)在完成時專題現(xiàn)在完成時比較：IliveinShanghai.我住在上海。（一般現(xiàn)在時）ImovedtoShanghaitenyearsago.十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般過去時）IhavelivedinShanghaifortenyears.我在上海住了十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時）Ⅰ.構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其中的have/has為助動詞，構(gòu)成疑問句時，可將其提前；構(gòu)成否定句時，可直接在其后加not。Ⅱ.用法1.表結(jié)果：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，可以和already,yet,just等連用。Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄了。（照片不在我這里了）--haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃午飯了嗎？--Yes,Ihavejusthadit.是的，我吃了，我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在不餓了）2.表繼續(xù)：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用。如：thismorning,thesedays,inthelast(past)…,since,foralongtime等。Theyhavelivedheresince1989.自從1989年以來，他們就住在這里。Shehasbeenthereforovertwoyears.她在那里兩年多了。3.表經(jīng)驗：表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的事情，常和never,ever,once,threetimes,before等連用。IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.我以前從沒去過埃及。HehasbeentoEgyptthreetimes.他去過埃及3次了?！拘≡嚺５丁?)1.I___thebookyet.

A.haven'tread B.hadn'tread C.don'tread D.amnotreading

()2.TheyleftforBeijinglastmonthandwe___themeversince.

A.don'thearfrom B.haven'theardfrom

C.won'thearfrom D.didn'thearfrom

()3.Hesayshe___thebookseveraltimesalreadythisyear.

A.hadread B.hasread C.willread D.isreading

Ⅲ.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示過去的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、生成的結(jié)果等等，而一般過去時只表示在過去的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作，前者強調(diào)影響。(1)A:Haveyouseenthefilm?你看過這部電影嗎？B:Didyouseethefilm?你看過這部電影嗎？A句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；B句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。(2)A:Shehaswateredtheflowers.她已經(jīng)澆了花。（不需要再澆了）B:Shewateredtheflowersyesterday.她昨天澆的花。表示過去的時間狀語如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等，以及when為首的疑問句與一般過去時連用，而不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。(1)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（錯）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.（對）(2)--Haveyoueverbeentothegreatwall?--Yes,Ihave.--Whendidyougothere?--Lastweek.Ⅳ.瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞瞬間動詞表示的動作順建即可結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，不能與表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。IhaveleftWuhanfortendays.（錯）IhavebeenawayfromWuhanfortendays.（對）IleftWuhantendaysago.（對）ItistendayssinceIleftWuhan.（對）TendayshaspassedsinceIleftWuhan.（對）瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換Become---be;borrow---keep;buy---have;come---behere;go---beaway;leave---beaway;marry---bemarried;havegot---have;begintostudy---study;break---bebroken;close---beclosed;die---bedead;getup---beup;join---bein;lose---belost;open---beopen.Ⅴ.注意點havebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin(1)havebeento表示“過去曾去過某地”，說話時已從該地回來或去了其它地方，總之，現(xiàn)在已不在該地。(2)havegoneto表示“以去了某地”，說話時不在說話地點或在去該地的途中，或已到了該地。總之，現(xiàn)在還未回來。(3)havebeenin表示“已在該地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at,而后面跟副詞時只用havebeen，不用任何介詞。XiaoLihavebeentoBeijing.小李去過北京。XiaoLihavegonetoBeijing.小李去了北京。XiaoLihavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.小李在北京待了三年了。【小試牛刀】()1.Myuncle___Londonforfiveyears.Buthewillbebacknextyear.

A.went B.hasbeenin C.hasgone D.hasgoneto

()2.-CouldIspeaktoMrsBlack,please?

-Sorry,she___tothelibrary.

A.isgoing B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.willto

()3.Peterisyoung,buthe___manyforeigncountries.

A.hasbeenin B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.hasbeento

since的四種用法(1)since+過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.(2)since+一段時間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.(3)since+從句（從句通常用一般過去時，而主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時）Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.(4)Itis（hasbeen）+一段時間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.★比較since和forSince用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.【注意】：并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)在使用thismorning,thisafternoon,thissummer等時間狀語時，如說話時間仍在此范圍，則用現(xiàn)在完成時，否則用一般過去時。Ihavereviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我已經(jīng)復習了兩課。（說話時還在上午）Ireviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我復習了兩課。（說話時已是下午或晚上）用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次來北京。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.這是這個男孩第三次遲到了。(2)Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。Ⅵ.考綱詞匯拓展Afterhewonthegame,hisparentsandrelativeswereveryproudofhimandallofhisteacherstookprideinhim.在贏了比賽后，他的父母和親戚以他為傲，他所有的老師也是?！就卣?】feelproudof=takepridein對...感到驕傲的【拓展2】wintheprize/game贏得獎項/比賽beat/defeatsb.打敗某人Whenhewasonlyachild,hedreamtofbecomingascientistbutafterhegrewup,hemadeadecisiontobeateacherinsteadofascientist.當他還是個孩子的時候，他夢想成為一個科學家，但是長大后，他決定成為一名老師而不是科學家?！就卣?】dreamofdoingsth.夢想做某事【拓展2】makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.=bedeterminedtodosth.=makeupone’smindtodosth.決定做某事Thisretiredhealthyleaderhasalotofhobbiessuchascollectingstamps,enjoyingtheBeijingopera,takingsomephotos,drawingsomepicturesandtraveling.這個退休的身體健康的領導有許多愛好，例如收集郵票，聽聽京劇，拍照片，畫畫還有旅行?！就卣?】leadv.引導，帶領 leadern.領導leadsb.tosp.帶領某人去某地 leadsb.todosth.指引某人做某事leadto導致Hiscarelessnessledtothefailureofthisexperiment.他的粗心導致了這次實驗的失敗?！就卣?】healthyadj.健康的 unhealthyadj.不健康的 healthn.健康Smokingisverybadforyousoifyouwanttokeephealthy,youhadbettergetridofitandtakemorephysicalexercises.吸煙對你有害，所以如果你要保持健康，最好戒煙，多做運動?！就卣?】bebadfor對...有害的近義詞組：beharmfulto=doharmto反義詞組：begoodfor對...有好處的begood/kind/niceto對...友好的begoodat=dowellin擅長...【拓展2】getridof取消近義詞組：disposeofThepriceofthehouseistoohighformanyordinarypeopletoafford,somanypeoplebegintorentthehouseinthecenter.房價對于很多普通人來說太高了以至于買不起，因此許多人開始在市中心租房。【拓展1】affordtodo支付得起（一般用于否定句和一般疑問句）【拓展2】價格的高低用low/high，東西的便宜或貴用expensive/cheapAlotoforganizationshopethatthegovernmentwilltakeactiontoprotectthelovelypandasfromdisappearance.許多組織希望政府將會采取行動來保護可愛的熊貓不讓其消失?！就卣?】organizev.組織organicadj.有機的organizationn.組織organizedadj.有組織，有條理的【拓展2】takeactiontodosth.采取行動做某事activeadj.積極的actorn.男演員 actressn.女演員【拓展3】protect...from保護...免受...現(xiàn)在完成時專練100題一、單項選擇1．John,haveyou________thedictionaryIlentyou?A．bring B．brought C．brings D．bringing2．—HaveyoutravelledontheAirportExpress________?—No,Ihaven’t.A．still B．yet C．a(chǎn)lready D．too3．—_________you_________totheUSA?

—No,notyet.A．Did…go B．Are…going C．Have…been D．Have…gone4．MyparentsandI________theSpaceMuseumtwice.A．visited B．visit C．willvisit D．havevisited5．Anumberoftourists________Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.A．havebeento B．wentto C．willgoto D．havegoneto6．SophieandIaregoodfriends.We________eachotherforfouryears.A．know B．knew C．haveknown D．willknow7．Alice________toBeijingseveraltimes.Sosheknowsalotaboutcultureandcustomofthecity.A．willgo B．goes C．havebeen D．hasbeen8．Recently,ascientistcalledDrRupertSheldrake________theresultsofsomenewexperiments.A．willannounce B．isannouncing C．hasannounced D．a(chǎn)nnounces9．—Isyourfatherathomenow?—No.He________toBeijingonbusiness.A．hasgone B．hasbeen C．goes D．went10．Myfather________Tianjinmanytimes,soheknowseverycornerofit.A．visits B．willvisitC．visited D．hasvisited11．He’sneverwonthegame,________he?A．is B．has C．isn’t D．hasn’t12．Theprofessor________hishometownformanyyears.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneaway C．hasbeenawayfrom D．hasleft13．Thegreatplaywright________for105years,butpeoplewillcontinuetoenjoyhisplaysformanyyearstocome.A．hasdead B．hasbeendead C．hasbeendied D．died14．Myparents________toLosAngelesbefore.A．were B．willbe C．a(chǎn)re D．havebeen15．Mike’sparentsareGermans,buthe________toGermanysofar.A．neverwent B．nevergo C．hasneverbeen D．willnevergo16．Howlonghastheforeignfriend__________China?A．cometo B．a(chǎn)rrived C．beenin D．gone17．It________thefirsttimethat________NewYork,becausethereisaphotoofhiminfrontoftheEmpireStateBuildinghanginginhisroom.A．is;Byronhasbeenin B．isn’t;Byronhasgoneto C．is;Byronhasbeenfor D．isn’t;Byronhasbeento18．—________you________toShanghaiDisney?Itsoundsgreat.—Notyet.Itisalwayscrowded.A．Are,going B．Have,gone C．Did,go D．Have,been19．Mysonknowsnothingabouthishometown.He_____________there.A．haseverbeen B．hasneverbeenC．hasevergone D．hasnevergone20．Thisshop________fornearlytenyears.A．hasopened B．hasbeenopen C．hasbeenclose D．hasclosed21．OurcountryandtheSolomonIslands_________friendssincetwoweeksago.A．havebecome B．havemade C．havebeen D．made22．Bythetimewe________therailwaystation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．gotto;hadbeenaway B．reached;hadleftC．a(chǎn)rrived;hadbeenaway D．a(chǎn)rrivedat;hasleft23．Inrecentyears,naturaldisasters________greatdamagetomanytouristattractions.A．willcause B．havecaused C．hadcaused D．werecausing24．Peter,howlonghaveyou________here?Youdadislookingforyou.A．come B．a(chǎn)rrived C．left D．been25．TomhaslivedinShanghai_________2003.Hehaslivehere_________manyyears.A．in;for B．since;for C．since;at D．in;since26．Idon’twanttowastetime,forI________thatfilmbefore.A．willsee B．saw C．haveseen D．wasseeing27．Mymotherhasbeenback_________halfanhourago.A．since B．for C．in D．a(chǎn)fter28．Couldyoutellme________?A．howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass. B．whenwillyouleaveforBeijingC．whohastakenmyredpen. D．howlongthatfilmstarted.29．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisCORRECT?A．HehasgonetoNewZealandfor10years.B．Themoviehasbegunfor10minutes.C．HenryhasjoinedthesingingclubsincehewasinGradeSix.D．JoehasbeenawayfromChicagosincehegraduatedfromhighschool.30．MyparentsandI________inthattinyhousesinceIwasborn.A．live B．lived C．havelived D．haslived31．Ben________asanarchitectinabigcompanysinceheleftschoolin2018.A．willwork B．hasworked C．worked D．works32．Tom________inthesmalltownforthreeyearssincehemovedthere.A．haslived B．lived C．wasliving D．lives33．IamnotsurehowlongOliver________.A．hasjoinedthearmy B．hasjoinedinthearmy C．hasservedthearmy D．hasservedinthearmy34．There_________greatchangesinourlifesincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.A．were B．havebeen C．hadbeen D．a(chǎn)re35．Ourteacherhasbeenback________halfanhour.A．since B．in C．for D．a(chǎn)fter36．Howlong_________thefilm________whenhegottothecinema?A．did;begin B．has;begunC．had;beenon D．had;begun37．George_________morethan1500Englishwordssincehegraduatedfromjuniorhighschool.A．haslearnt B．learnt C．hadlearnt D．learns38．Myfamily________Guangzhoufortwomonths.A．hasbeen B．hasgoneto C．hasbeento D．hasbeenin39．Emily________inShanghaisinceshewasbornin2006.A．live B．lived C．havelived D．haslived40．Hercousin________inShanghaisinceheleftthearmy.A．lives B．lived C．haslived D．willlive41．Benhaslivedhere_________hewasborn.A．for B．when C．since D．from42．MichaelcamebackfromtheUnitedStatesyesterday.He________alotsincewelastmet.A．changes B．changed C．haschanged D．ischanging43．AuntMaggiehasbeenateacher_________quiteafewyears.A．since B．till C．for D．a(chǎn)nd44．—________themovie________?

—________.A．Whendid;start;Since3o’clockagoB．Howlongwas;on;Sinceat3o’clockC．Whenhas;started;Since3o’clockbeforeD．Howlonghas;beenon;Since3o’clock45．Jim’smother________anengineerformorethantwelveyears.A．is B．isgoingtobe C．was D．hasbeen46．Mr.Smith________inShanghaifor10yearsandhelovesthiscityverymuch.A．lives B．lived C．wasliving D．haslived47．Whichsentenceiscorrect?A．Iwonderwhereyouhavegone. B．Iwonderwheretheyvisited.C．Iwonderwhenyouhavefinishedthetask. D．Iwonderwhatisthematterwithyou.48．LuXun________forovereightyyears,buthisworksstillhaveagreatinfluencetoday.A．died B．wasdying C．hasdied D．hasbeendead49．A:Whereisyourfather,Tony?B:He________toBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.A．isgoing B．hasgone C．goes D．hasbeen50．________32yearsold,ProfessorWanghadwritten8novels,5ofwhicharebest-sellers.A．At B．For C．Since D．By51．Ben’ssingingskills________alotsincehejoinedthesinginggroup.A．improve B．haveimproved C．improved D．hadimproved52．—Amy,youmustbehungryafterwaitingforusforsuchalongtime.—Don’tworry.I________somecookiesalready.A．a(chǎn)meating B．willeat C．waseating D．haveeaten53．—MayIspeaktoLily?—Sorry,she________thelibrary.Butshe________inanhour.A．hasbeento,willcomeback B．hasgoneto,willbebackC．hasgoneto,won’tbeback D．hasbeento,won’tcomeback二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空(共0分)54．AlthoughLucas________(be)totheGobiDesertthreetimes,he________never________(ride)acamel.55．MrLiandhisfamilyhave________alltheobjectstheyneed.(bring)56．Who________(break)thewindow?It’stoocoldtostayhere.57．Itisthefirsttimeshe________(see)suchbreathtakingscenery.58．________you________(check)yoursuitcaseyet?59．IwillreturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI________readingit.(finish)60．Ihave________thiswatchasabirthdaygiftformycousin.(choose)三、根據(jù)句意填空(共0分)61．Beingunkindtoothershascausedhimalotoftrouble,________?62．Isupposetheyhaveknownaboutit,________?四、劃線部分提問(共0分)63．Peterhashadawoodenladdersincethreedaysago.（對劃線部分提問）________________hasPeterhadawoodenladder?64．UncleDonaldhasbeenanengineersince1995.(對劃線部分提問)__________________hasUncleDonaldbeenanengineer?65．Hissisterhassleptsince9o’clock.(劃線部分提問)_________________________________________?五、同義句轉(zhuǎn)化(共0分)66．LisahasbeeninShanghaifor30years.（保持句意基本不變）LisahasbeeninShanghai________30years________.67．Jerryborrowedthestorybooktwoweeksago.(改同義句)_______________________________________________68．IjoinedthePartythreeyearsago.(保持句意不變)I__________________inthePartyforthreeyears.69．JoshmovedtoSingaporefiveyearsago.Heisstillthere.（同義改寫）Josh_________________________Singapore________fiveyears.70．Tomleftmiddleschooltenyearsago.（保持原句意思）Tomhas________________frommiddleschoolfortenyears.71．Themovieproducerhasproducedthreemoviessuccessfully.（同義改寫）Themovieproducer_________________________________threemovies.72．Myfatherhasbeenanarchitectforquiteafewyears.(改寫為同義句)Myfatherhas______________anarchitectforquiteafewyears.73．Timjoinedthearmy3yearsago.(同義改寫)Tim________

________________________________3yearsago.________________________________________Timjoinedthearmy.74．Theoldwriterlefthishometowntenyearsago.(保將句意不變)Theoldwriter________________awayfromhishometownsincetenyearsago.六、改寫句子(共0分)75．Wehavejustpackedoursuitcases.（改成否定句）We________packedoursuitcases________.76．MycousinhasalreadycomebackfromtheU.S.A．(改為一般疑問句)________yourcousinscomebackfromtheU.S.A．________?77．IhavealreadybeentoBlueBay.(改為一般疑問句)________youbeentoBlueBay________?78．We’veenteredanewcentury.(改為一般疑問句)__________________enteredanewcentury?79．Wehavealreadyhadlunchintheschoolcanteen.（改為疑問句）_______you_______lunchintheschoolcanteenyet?80．Jackhasalreadyboughtanewwatch.(一般疑問句)________Jackboughtanewbook________?81．ThefirstStarbuckscoffeeshopopenedin1971.（用現(xiàn)在完成時改寫）ThefirstStarbuckscoffeeshop________________1971.82．I’vegotaletterfromUncleWeiming.（改為一般疑問句）________you________aletterfromUncleWeiming?83．ThechildrenhavealreadyvisitedShanghaiDisneylandPark.（改為否定句）Thechildren_________visitedShanghaiDisneylandPark_________.84．TheSmithhavealreadymovedintoanewflat.(改為一般疑問句)________theSmithmovedintoanewflat________?85．Theoldmanhasrealizedthathehadtoomuchunhealthyfood.(改為一般疑問句）________theoldman________thathehadtoomuchunhealthyfood?86．Mymobilephonehasrunoutofpower.（改為一般疑問句句）________yourmobilephone________outofpower?87．MrSmithhasalreadysentflowerstohiswife.（改為一般疑問句）________MrSmithsentflowersto