中國戲劇教學(xué)文稿

ChineseOpera-----Dream

IntroductionofChineseOperaHistoryChineseoperaisevolutedfromancientsonganddance.In800BC,thereemerged"You",whowerefosteredbytherichfortheirownentertainment,usuallymales,expertinsinging,dancingandimpersonations,turnedintotheearliestactorsofChineseopera.IntheTangDynasty,thereemerged"Canjunopera,"featuredbyitshumor.Themainpurposewastosatirizeandreprimandthroughamusinggesturesanddialogues.戲曲的形成相當(dāng)漫長，到了宋元之際才得成型。成熟的戲曲要從元雜劇算起，經(jīng)歷明、清的不斷發(fā)展成熟而進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代，歷一千百多年繁盛不敗。比較有影響力的劇種：唐參軍戲，元代雜劇，明清傳奇，清代地方戲中的京劇等。DuringMingandQingdynasties,variousdramaticartappeared,"Chuanqi"(romance)replaced"Zaju"asanewandprevailingmodeofdrama."Chuanqi",literallymeans"strangeandoddstories",itisalwayscomplicatedandelusiveyetmoving,tellingstoriesthathappeningamonghumanbeings,ghostsandgods,usuallyelegantversedandofgreaterscale.TheperformancesbecamemoreskillfulandwereusuallyperformedinKunquopera.Beijingoperaassumeditspresentforminthemid-19thcenturyandwasextremelypopularinthelatterpartoftheQingDynasty(1644–1911).

VariatiesFromHanDynastytothe20Century,thereexistedmanykindsofoperas.Accordingtostatistics,currentlyChineseoperascontinuetoexistin368differentforms.Wecandividedthembasedontheperiodswhentheyemergedantheareaswheretheyappeard.NorthernBeijingopera京劇YuJuopera豫劇QuJuopera曲劇YueDiaoopera越調(diào)Errenzhuan/Bangzixi/Benbengopera二人轉(zhuǎn)(NortheastChina)Hebeibangzi河北梆子(Hebei)Jiju吉劇(Jilin)Lüju呂劇(Shandong)Pingju評劇(Hebei)Puju蒲劇(Shanxi)Qinqiang/Qindynastyopera秦腔(Shaanxi)Shandongbangzi(Shandong)Shanxibangzi(Shanxi)PekingoperaisaformoftraditionalChinesetheatrewhichcombinesmusic,vocalperformance,mime,danceandacrobatics.Itaroseinthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.TheformwasextremelypopularintheQingDynastycourtandhascometoberegardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresofChina.MajorperformancetroupesarebasedinBeijingandTianjininthenorth,andShanghaiinthesouth.TheartformisalsopreservedinTaiwan,whereitisknownasGuoju.IthasalsospreadtoothercountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapan.京劇PekingOperaTheRoleofOperaShengDanJingChouAListofOperas*梅派(花衫)《霸王別姬》、《貴妃醉酒》、《洛神》、《穆桂英掛帥》*程派(青衣)《荒山淚》、《六月雪》、《亡蜀鑒》、《馬昭儀》*尚派(刀馬旦)《雙陽公主》、《三娘教子》、《祭塔》四大名旦Performer梅蘭芳、程硯秋、尚小云、荀慧生四大須生二十世紀(jì)二十年代四大須生：余叔巖、高慶奎、言菊朋、馬連良二十世紀(jì)三十年代四大須生：余叔巖、言菊朋、馬連良、譚富英二十世紀(jì)四十年代四大須生：馬連良、譚富英、楊寶森、奚嘯伯梅蘭芳程硯秋尚小云荀慧生黃梅戲HuangmeiOpera一、黃梅戲的簡介（theIntroductionof

Huangmeiopera

）二、唱腔伴奏語言伴奏

三、優(yōu)秀劇目黃梅戲，中國漢族地方戲曲，舊稱黃梅調(diào)或采茶戲，與京劇、越劇、評劇、豫劇并稱中國五大劇種。它發(fā)源于湖北、安徽、江西三省交界處黃梅多云山，與鄂東和贛東北的采茶戲同出一源，其最初形式是湖北黃梅一帶的采茶歌。黃梅戲用安慶語言念唱，唱腔淳樸流暢，以明快抒情見長，具有豐富的表現(xiàn)力；黃梅戲的表演質(zhì)樸細(xì)致，以真實(shí)活潑著稱。黃梅戲來自于民間，雅俗共賞、怡情悅性，她以濃郁的生活氣息和清新的鄉(xiāng)土風(fēng)味感染觀眾。黃梅戲簡介三、伴奏黃梅戲最初只有打擊樂器伴奏，即所謂“三打七唱”?？谷諔?zhàn)爭時期，曾嘗試用京胡托腔；后又試用二胡伴奏，但都未能推廣。

一、唱腔黃梅戲唱腔有三種形式：主腔、花腔、三腔（“彩腔”、“仙腔”、“陰司腔”三種腔體的統(tǒng)稱）。

二、語言黃梅戲語言以安慶地方語言為基礎(chǔ)，屬北方方言語系的江淮方言。其特點(diǎn)為----唱詞結(jié)構(gòu)在整本戲多為七字句和十字句式。七字句大多是二、二、三結(jié)構(gòu)，十字句大多是三、三、四結(jié)構(gòu)。黃梅戲的優(yōu)秀劇目有《天仙配》、《牛郎織女》、《槐蔭記》、《女駙馬》、《孟麗君》、《夫妻觀燈》、《打豬草》、《柳樹井》、《藍(lán)橋會》、《路遇》、《王小六打豆腐》、《小辭店》、《玉堂春》《西樓會》、《紡棉花》、《秋千架》等等。

優(yōu)秀劇目ShaoxingOpera(YueOpera)YueOpera,originatedintheareaofShengCountyinShaoxing,ZhejiangProvinceintheearlyperiodofthecentury,isarapidlydevelopedlocaloperawithashorthistoryinChina.Itwasnamed"YueOpera"becauseithasitsorigininpartofYueStateintheSpringandAutumnPerioddatingbackabout2,000yearsago.Bynow,manyyears'developmenthasmadeitamostimportantoperastylenexttoBeijingOperainChina.ThevoicesofYueOperaaresoftandbeautiful,andeasytolearn.Differentvoicesfromvariousschoolsweredevelopedwhichledtotheemergenceoflargenumbersoffansdevotedtoeachschool.Thefamousandheart-rendingChineseviolinconcertoButterfly'sLovedrewitsmusicalmaterialsfromYueOpera.ThefilmofYueOperafromthesameplaywonanawardataninternationalfilmfestivalinthemusiccategory.ThemaleroleinaYueOperaplayisalwaysplayedbywomenandthecharactersappearexceptionallycharming,naturalandunrestrained.NowYueOperaasafolkoperastylehasitso