Unit-4-Natural-Disasters(基礎檢測答案)

必修Book1Unit4NaturalDisasters必備知識基礎檢測（答案）一、詞匯知識檢測I、寫作詞匯知其形[注意英譯漢]1.rescuen.&vt.營救；救援2.damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失3.destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅4.sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護vt.保護；掩蔽vi.躲避(風雨或危險)5.trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱6.buryvt.埋葬；安葬7.supplyn.供應(量)；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應；供給8.strikevi.&vt.侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊9.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞10.revivevt.&vi.復活；(使)蘇醒11.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒12.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力13.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況II、語法詞匯知其變[注意詞性變化]1.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的；駭人的→shockedadj.(感到)震驚的2.electricityn.電；電能→electricaladj.電的；與電有關的→electricadj.用電的；電動的；帶電的3.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸；氣息→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；喘不過氣來的4.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn.痛苦；受難→sufferern.受難者；患病者5.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→eruptionn.爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)6.powern.電力供應；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.強有力的；強大的→powerfullyadv.強烈地；有效地7.delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達vt.發(fā)表→deliveryn.傳遞；交付；遞送8.effectn.影響；結果；效果→affectvt.影響；疾病侵襲；深深打動→effectiveadj.有效的；生效的9.lengthn.長；長度→lengthenv.加長；延長→longadj.長的；冗長的10.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→survivaln.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.生還者；幸存者III、閱讀詞匯知其意[注意英譯漢]1.disastern.災難；災害2.tornadon.龍卷風；旋風3.droughtn.旱災；久旱4.landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡5.slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動6.tsunamin.海嘯7.magnituden.(地)震級；重大8.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離9.helicoptern.直升機10.deathn.死；死亡11.crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.(使)破裂12.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中13.brickn.磚；磚塊14.metaln.金屬15.kitn.成套工具；成套設備16.revivaln.振興；復蘇17.unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體18.wisdomn.智慧；才智19.contextn.上下文；語境；背景20.typhoonn.臺風21.hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的)颶風22.tapvi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲23.pipen.管子；管道24.whistlevi.吹口哨；發(fā)出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲25.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜26.aidn.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.幫助；援助27.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞28.sweepvt.&vi.打掃；清掃29.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手30.summaryn.總結；概括；概要IV、重點短語知搭配[注意固定短語的英漢互譯]1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.inruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪3.inshock震驚；吃驚4.be/becomeahometo是/成為……的家園5.sweepaway消滅；徹底消除6.cometoanend結束7.getbackuponone'sfeet重新站起來；東山再起8.intheopenair露天；在戶外9.onhand現有(尤指幫助)10.putup提供；提出；建造；舉起；提高；張貼V、核心單詞知用法[注意固定短語、句型和詞塊]1.affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動單句語法填空①(2020·江蘇卷)Bestofall,humorraisesyourenergy,andthatcanhaveaneffectoneverythingyoudoatschool,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.②Affected(affect)withaseriousdisease,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecovery.③Ifeelmuchaffection(affect)formymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.句式升級(普通表達)Manyyoungpeopleweredeeplyaffected/moved/touchedbyhisstoryandbegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.④(高級表達)Deeplyaffected/moved/touchedbyhisstory,manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.(過去分詞短語作狀語)2.buryvt.埋葬；安葬句式升級(普通表達)Becauseheburiedhimselfin/wasburiedinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.④(高級表達)Buryinghimselfinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(現在分詞短語作狀語)⑤(高級表達)Buriedinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(過去分詞短語作狀語)3.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦單句語法填空①(2020·江蘇卷)Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.②Itishardtoimaginethepainandsufferings(suffer)thesepoorpeoplewentthroughduringthewintermonths.句式升級(普通表達)Hehadneversufferedsuchagreatlossbeforeinhislife,sohealmostlostthehopeforlife.③(高級表達)Neverbeforeinhislifehadhesufferedsuchagreatloss,sohealmostlostthehopeforlife.(倒裝)④(高級表達)Nothavingsufferedsuchagreatlossbeforeinhislife,healmostlostthehopeforlife.(現在分詞短語作狀語)4.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過單句語法填空①Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurvive(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.②Aftertheplanecrash,whatthesurvivors(survive)coulddowastowaitforrescueonthisdesertisland.③Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive).句式升級(普通表達)Afterwesurvivedthatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.④(高級表達)Havingsurvivedthatnight，wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(現在分詞短語作狀語)5.powern.電力供應；能量；力量；控制力vt.給……提供動力單句語法填空①(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat'sprettypowerful(power)．②Afterthenewpresidentcameto/intopower,hetookaseriesofmeasurestoimprovepeople'slife.③Thegovernmenthasbeeninpowerfortwentyyears,andisstillgoingstrong.④NotthatIdon'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondmypowertodoso.句式升級(普通表達)(全國卷Ⅰ)YouaresodiligentthatI'lltrymybesttohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.⑤(高級表達)YouaresodiligentthatI'lldoall/everythinginmypowertohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.⑥(高級表達)YouaresodiligentthatI'lldowhatIcantohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.(what引導賓語從句)6.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打；敲；(使)突然想起n.罷工；罷課；襲擊寫出下列句子中strike的詞性和含義①Shewaspractisingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.v.襲擊②Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthecountry.v.打動；給……以印象③IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.v.(鐘)敲④ItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.v.想起⑤Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.n.罷工句式升級(普通表達)Iwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.⑥(高級表達)Struckbyhisinspiringwords,IdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.(過去分詞短語作狀語)7.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞單句語法填空①(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thereisalsothematteroftone(語氣).Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruined(ruin)anentireday?②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruining(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?③Drunkdrivingnotonlyruinedhimself(he)butalsokilledseveralpassers-by.④WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins.完成句子地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜未眠。⑤Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.8.putup提供；提出；建造；舉起；提高；張貼；留宿寫出下列句子中putup的含義①Firstheopenedashopandthenputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.張貼②Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestion,pleaseputupyourhands.舉起③IwashopingKatecouldputmeupforafewnightswhenIvisitedthecity.留宿④Mostbigstoresadmittheydaren'tputpricesupforfearoflosingtheircustomers.提高完成句子學生們提出了許多需要馬上解決的問題。⑤Thestudentshaveputforwardalotofquestionsthatneedtobesolvedatonce.我可以容忍房間里不整齊，但是我討厭房間里臟。⑥Icanputupwiththehouse'sbeinguntidy,butIhateitifit'snotclean.每年孩子們都把一些零花錢存起來買新年禮物。⑦EveryyearchildrenputasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyNewYear'spresents.VI、高級結構會變通[注意高級在寫作中的仿寫]1.主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式單句語法填空①Theproblemlooksrathereasy,butinfactitisveryhardtodealwith.②Thisproblemisnoteasytofigure(figure)out.完成句子在一年的四個季節(jié)中，夏天是我最喜歡的季節(jié)。早晨的空氣呼吸起來棒極了。③Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite.Themorningairisgoodtobreathe.雖然李萍不健談，但與她相處不難。④WhileLiPingisnotatalkativegirl,sheisnotdifficulttogetalongwith.2.too...to...這個小男孩太小了而不能舉起這個沉重的石頭。Thelittleboyistooyoungtoraisetheheavystone.3.itseemedasif...好像他已經知道了剛才所發(fā)生的一切。Itseemedasifhehadknownaboutwhathappenedjustnow.4.makeitdifficulttodo...它們不僅使人們在晚上很難睡覺，而且還損害著我們具有歷史價值的房子和商店。Theynotonlymakeitdifficultforpeopletosleepatnight,buttheyaredoingdamagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest.二、語法知識檢測Ⅰ.用適當的關系代詞填空1．ThisistheveryhotelthatIstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.2．Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.3．ItisthemostamazingbuildingthatDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.4．WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/whichwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.5．Sheisoneofthegirlswho/thathavepassedtheexam.6．Theyplantedsometreeswhich/thatdidn'tneedmuchwater.7．Shewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.8．DoyouknowtheladywithwhomourEnglishteacheristalkingunderthebigtree?9．Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.10．Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.11．Anyonewhohashelpedtorescuethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.12．Theboyandthedogthatareinthepicturelookverylovely.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子1．Idon'tknowtheman.Themanspoketotheheadmaster.→Idon'tknowthemanwho/thatspoketotheheadmaster.2．Ihaveseenthefilm.They'retalkingaboutthefilm.→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/whichthey'retalkingabout.3．LastweekMaryrodethebike.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryrodethebikethat/whichIgavetoher.4．ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisagreatscientist.→ThegirlwhosefatherisagreatscientistisfromAmerica.5．Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Itismorethan30yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/thatismorethan30yearsold.Ⅲ.用適當的關系詞補全下面的短文Thetwooldladieseq\a\vs4\al(1)livednextdoorwerecalledJoannaandMartha.Theyweresisters,andhadlivedtherealltheirlives.Marthawasthequietone,eq\a\vs4\al(2)stayedathomeanddidthehousework.Shealwaysworeawhiteapron(圍裙),eq\a\vs4\al(3)neverlookeddirty.Joanna,eq\a\vs4\al(4)wasmoresociable,wasasecretaryuntilshereachedsixtyandretired.“I'vehadenoughofthatoffice，”shetoldMartha.Butthatwasn'ttherealreasoneq\a\vs4\al(5)shestoppedworking.Shehadalwaysdreamedofgoingonalong,expensiveholiday,tobeautifulcities,eq\a\vs4\al(6)shecouldspenddaysinartgalleriesandmuseums,andtowhitesandybeaches,oneq\a\vs4\al(7)shecouldsunbatheandrelax.Andnowshehadthetimeandthemoneytodothingseq\a\vs4\al(8)shewantedtodo.ButsheknewthatMartha,eq\a\vs4\al(9)wassodifferentfromher,andeq\a\vs4\al(10)onlyinterestwasthehouse,wouldnotliketheidea.Ofcourse,shewouldn'tgotravelingaloneandleavehersisterlivinginthehouseallbyherself.SowhatdidJoannado?Stayinthehousedoingnothingalldaylong?No!Shedidspenddays“in”artgalleriesandmuseums,but,throughtheInternet!答案與解析1．who/that先行詞是ladies，指人，關系詞在從句中做主語，故用關系代詞who/that引導定語從句。2．who非限制性定語從句先行詞是thequietone，指人，關系詞在從句中做主語，故用關系代詞who引導定語從句。3．which非限制性定語從句先行詞是awhiteapron，指物，關系詞在從句中做主語，故用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。4．who非限制性定語從句先行詞是Joanna，指人，關系詞在從句中做主語，故用關系代詞who引導非限制性定語從句。5．why定語從句先行詞是therealreason，表“原因”，關系詞在從句中做原因狀語，故用關系副詞why引導定語從句。6．where定語從句先行詞是cities，表“地點”，關系詞在從句中做地點狀語，故用關系副詞where引導定語從句。7．which先行詞為whitesandybeaches，代入非限制性定語從句后為：onwhitesandybeachesshecouldsunbatheandrelax，由此可見關系詞在定語從句中做介詞on的賓語，故填which。8．that/which定語從句先行詞是things，關系詞在從句中做動詞do的賓語，故用關系代詞that/which引導定語從句。9．who非限制性定語從句先行詞是Martha，指人，關系詞在從句中做主語，故用關系代詞who引導定語從句。10．whose先行詞是Martha，指人，關系詞在從句中做interest的定語，故用關系代詞whose引導定語從句。三、語篇知識檢測閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Yourhousemayhaveaneq\a\vs4\al(effect)onyoureq\a\vs4\al(figure).Expertssayeq\a\vs4\al(the)eq\a\vs4\al(way)youeq\a\vs4\al(design)youreq\a\vs4\al(home)couldeq\a\vs4\al(playarolein)whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.(Para.1主旨句)Herearesomeeq\a\vs4\al(ways)toturnyoureq\a\vs4\al(home)intopartofyoureq\a\vs4\al(diet)plan.(Para.2主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Openthecurtains)andeq\a\vs4\al(turnup)eq\a\vs4\al(thelights).eq\a\vs4\al(Darkenvironments)aremorelikelytoeq\a\vs4\al(encourageovereating)，forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(難為情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.(Para.3主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Mindthecolors).Researchsuggestseq\a\vs4\al(warm)eq\a\vs4\al(colorsfuel)oureq\a\vs4\al(appetites).Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.(Para.4主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Don'tforgettheclock)—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeq\a\vs4\al(eatslowly)tendtoeq\a\vs4\al(consume)about70eq\a\vs4\al(fewercalories)(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.eq\a\vs4\al(Beginkeeping)eq\a\vs4\al(trackofthetime)，andtrytoeq\a\vs4\al(makedinnerlastatleast30minutes).Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(Para.5主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Downsizethedishes).Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(攝入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.第一步：準確理解原文明確主題和結構確定體裁、明確主旨體裁：說明文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般現在時主旨：家居環(huán)境對人們飲食的影響，并給出如何通過改變房間光線、墻壁顏色和餐具大小等控制飲食的建議。文章結構(5個自然段就是5個意義段，對應5個要點)Para.1：提出問題：房子影響身材，利用家居環(huán)境有助減肥Para.2：暗色調環(huán)境導致過量飲食Para.3：暖色調促進食欲，而冷色調減少饑餓感Para.4：控制飲食時間，放慢吃飯速度Para.5：用小餐具減少食量第二步：去次留精提煉各意義段要點明確本文主旨和結構后，確定各段主題句，同時標注與主題相關的關鍵詞(已在文中標出)，去除次要信息，如原文第二段對室內燈光等描述性的語言信息無需概括在要點之中。要點1Thewayyoudesignyourhousehasaneffectonyourfigure.要點2Maketheroombrighterbecausedarkenvironmentsencourageovereating.要點3W