福建省福州市長樂第一中學2024-2025學年高二上學期第二次月英語試題（含答案）

2024—2025學年第一學期長樂一中階段二考試高中二年英語科試卷考試日期：12月19日完卷時間：120分鐘滿分：150分第I卷（共95分）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)閱讀（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AFourAmazingProductsNexStrideNexStrideisdesignedforseniorswhohaveconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.Itisadevicethathelpsthosewithmobilitychallengeswalkbetter.Ituseslightandsoundsignalstostimulatethebrainandimprovethecoordination(協(xié)調)ofthebody.Itcanbeattachedtoanywalkingsticks,andithasadjustablesettingstosuitdifferentneeds.RyanRyanisanAI-enabledsociallyassistiverobotbyDreamFaceTechnologiesdesignedtoengageinpersonalizedconversations,improvingcognitive(認知的)functionandemotionalwell-beingforolderadults.Withspeechrecognitionandfacialexpressionrecognition,Ryanunderstandsandrespondslikeaclosefriend.ElliQElliQisasocialrobotthathelpsolderadultsliveindependentlyathome.Itusesacombinationofvoicesound,lightandmovementtocommunicatewiththem.Itcansuggestactivitiessuchaslisteningtomusic,playinggames,readingnewsorvideocallingwithfamilyandfriends.ElliQhasatabletthatallowsuserstoaccessvariousappsandservices,suchasemail,socialmediaoronlineshopping.NobiIfapersonfalls,Nobiasksthemtoconfirmitandthenmakesatrustedcontactthroughanapp.ThecontactcantalktothepersonthroughNobiandunlockthedoorremotelyifneeded.Nobialsohelpspreventfallsbyturningonautomaticallywhenanolderpersongetsupatnight,forinstance,togotothetoilet,taketheirpillsordrinksomewater.Sincemostfallsoccuratnight,Nobioffersapreventativesolution.21.WhatisamajorfeatureofNexStride?A.Itprovidesawaytowalkwithconfidence.B.ItprovestobeeffectiveincuringParkinson’s.C.Itenablespatientstomovelikenormalpeople.D.Itcanbeattachedtowalkingsticksorone’sbody.22.WhatdoRyanandElliQhaveincommon?A.Bothmayassisttheirusersinshopping. B.Bothcaninteractwiththeirusers.C.Bothareforyoungandoldalike. D.Bothareequippedwithatablet.23.WhowillshowaninterestinNobi?A.Thosewhohatetakingpills. B.Thosewhogetpoorsleep.C.Thosewhofeellonely. D.Thosewhofalleasily.BScientistsinChinaandSwedenhavedeterminedthatasmallamountofcapsaicin,thechemicalcompound(化合物)thatgiveschilipepperstheiruniquetaste,maybeacrucialcomponentformorestableandefficientperovskite(鈣鈦礦)solarcells.Perovskitesareafamilyofmineralswithcommonchemicalstructuresthatareusedtocreatesolarcells.Whileperovskitesemiconductors(半導體)representapromisingcomponentforthemostadvancedsolarcelltechnologies,theyaretroubledbynonradiative,anundesirableelectron-levelprocessthatreducesefficiencyandincreasesheatlosses.Researcherssoughtoutanatural,forest-based,inexpensiveadditivetoovercomethislimitationandenhancesolarcellperformance.“Consideringtheelectric,chemicalandstablepropertiesofcapsaicin,wefoundthatitwouldbeapromisingadditive,”saysBaoQinye,seniorauthorofthestudyfromEastChinaNormalUniversity.Totestcapsaicin’scapabilities,Baoandhisteammatesaddedasmallamountofthecompoundintothesolarcells.Next,theresearchersperformedaseriesoftechniquestodeterminehowthecapsaicinadditiveaffectedthesolarcellproperties.Theyfoundthatwhiledeviceswithoutcapsaicinshowedapowertranstormationefficiencyofonly19.1%,devicescontainingcapsaicinhadanefficiencyof21.88%,nearlyashighastherecord21.93%efficiencyofsingie-crystalMAPbldevices,whichareatypeofperovskitesolarcell.Theenhancedsolarcellsalsoshowedimprovedstability,maintainingmorethan90%oftheirmitialefficiencyafter800hoursofbeingexposedtotheair.Capsaicinenabledtheseimprovementsbytransformingtheperoyskitematerial’ssurfaceenergetics,creatinganinterfacebetweenp-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectron-deficient“holes”thanelectrons,andn-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectronsthan“holes”.Thisinterfacepromoteschargetransportandreducesthelossofefficiencyobservedintraditionalperovskitesemiconductors.Whilecapsaicinmayprovidealow-cost,widelyavailableadditiveforthefuturedevelopmentofhighlyefficientperovskitesolarcells,Baoandhisteammatesnotethatfurtherresearchisrequiredtoinvestigatethecompound’seffectonharmless,lead-free(無鉛的)perovskitessuchasinorganicperovskiteanddoubleperovskitebeforeitwillbereadyforcommercialapplications.24.Whatisslowingtheprogressofperovskitesemiconductors?A.Toomuchunnecessaryheat. B.Risingpricesofperovskites.CNonradiativerecombination. D.Thecomplexproductionline.25.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3reveal?A.Capsaicinimprovesperovskitesolarcellperrormance.B.Additiveshavelittleinfluenceonsolarcellproperties.C.Solarcellsoftenrequireahighpercentageofcapsaicin.D.Traditionalperovskitesolarcellspossessmoreadvantages.26.Whatisamajordifferencebetweenthep-typeandn-typesemiconductorlayers?A.Thesourceofadditives. B.Thenumberofelectrons.C.Thefunctionofinterfaces. D.Thesizeofsemiconductors.27.WhatmighttheresearchersdonextaccordingtoBao?A.Examineifleadcanbeusedasalow-costadditive.B.Putperovskitesolarcellswithcapsaicinonthemarket.C.Develophighlyefficientsolarcellswithoutanyadditive.D.Observehowcapsaicinaffectseco-friendlyperovskites.CAstart-uphasbegunplantingfungi(真菌)collectedfromhealthyforestsatatreeplantationintheUSstateofGeorgia.Theeffortto“rebuild”thesoilmicrobiome(微生物組)mayhelpgrowtreesthatstoremorecarbon.Fungiandothermicrobesinsoilareimportantfactorsfortreegrowthandhealth.Theyhelprootsaccessnutrientsinexchangeforcarbohydratesproducedbythetrees.ColinAverill,founderofFunga,thecompanybehindtheGeorgiaproject,isusingsoilfromhealthyforeststointroduceittonewlyplantedtreestomakethemgrowbiggerandfaster.Theplantingisstraightforward:abitofsoilfromanareaofhealthyforestisaddedtoaholewhereayoungtreeisplanted.Identifyingpreciselywhichsoiltodigismorecomplicated.Overthepastyears,FungaresearchersanalyzedtreegrowthratesandstudiedtheDNAofsoilmicrobesin500pineforeststoidentifywhichcompositionofmicrobesisassociatedwiththemostgrowth.TheythencollectedthesecandidatemicrobesfromthetestsiteandintroducedthemtonewtreesinLexington,Georgia.Theyalsoplantedtreeswithouttheaddedsoiltoestablishabaselineagainstwhichtocompareanyadditionalcarbonstoredbythetreatedtrees.Resultswon’tbeavailableuntiltheendofthisyear,butsimilarmethodsincreasedforestproductivitybetween30and70percentataresearchplotinWales.Averillandhisco-workersalsoanalyzed81experimentsthatexaminedhowintroducingwildmicrobiomestosoilaffectedvarioustypesofplantsindifferentecosystems.Theyfoundarangeofeffects,fromasmallreductionofbiomasstoamorethan700percentincrease.Onaverage,plantbiomassincreased64percent.“It’sgoingtodosomething,”saysJenniferBhatnagaratBostonUniversity,thoughshesayshowmuchdependsonalotoffactors.“Sourcingthesoilposesanotherchallenge,”saysCindyPrescottattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada.“Manyspeciesoffungican’tbecultured,andatlargerlevels,soilremovalcoulddegradethecollectionsites.”28.Howdofungiinfluencetreegrowth?A.Bystoringcarbonwithinthetrees. B.Bysupplyingcarbohydrates.C.Byfacilitatingtrees’nutrientabsorption. D.Bygatheringnutrientsinthesoil.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesoilidentification?A.Itsimplifiedthetreeplantingprocess.B.Itidentifiedtheperfectfungiforoldertreegrowth.C.ItreducedtheneedforstudyingtheDNAofthesoil.D.Ithelpedchoosethebestmicrobesforthetreeplantation.30.Whyisabaselineneeded?A.Toincreaseforestproductivity. B.Toassesstheimpactofaddedsoil.C.Toanalyzetheactivityinwildmicrobiomes. D.Todeterminetheoverallhealthoftheplantedtrees.31.WhatisCindyPrescott’sattitudetowardtransplantingfungi?A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.DIfithadbeenuptoPeterHiggs,theworldwouldhavenevernoticedhisdeathonApril8th-nor,forthatmatter,the94yearsoflifebeforeit.Hevaluedtherespectofhiscoworkersandtreasuredhisoccasional“brightideas”aboutthewaytheuniverseworked.Thefactthatoneofthoseideasendedupboileddownintoanobjectbearinghisnamewasasourceofsomeannoyance.Dr.Higgs’sbest-knownideawascrucialbutitwasunderstoodbyonlyafewpeople.Therearetwotypesoffundamentalparticles(粒子)fermionsandbosons.Thesymmetrical(對稱的)natureoftheequationswhichdescribebosonsimpliesthattheyshouldbemassless.Bythe1950s,though,itseemedthatsomebosonsdidhavemass;somefundamentalsymmetrieswereinpractice“broken”.Resolvingthemathsofbrokensymmetriesbecamethefocusofparticlephysicists.Dr.Higgs’scontribution,madeoverafewweeksinthesummerof1964,wasamathematicaldescriptionofanewbosonthatcouldgivemasstobosonsinneedofit.In1983,adaringupgradetoaparticleaccelerator(加速器)atCERN,theEuropeanphysicslabnearGeneva,produceddirectevidenceofthreemassivebosons-twoWsandaZ.Upsetoverthis,someAmericanphysiciststoldthegovernmentwhichfundedthemthatAmericawaslosinganimportantrace.TheproposedcomebackwastheSuperconductingSuperCollider(SSC),aparticleacceleratorofextraordinarypower.TheHiggsbosonwasakeypartoftheproposal.Theparticle’sexistencewaspredictedbut,ashadbeenthecasewiththeWsandZ,itsdiscoverywasimpossiblewithoutapowerfulenoughmachine.TheSSCwouldbethatmachine.In1993AmericacancelledtheSSCbutCERN’sLargeHadronCollider(LHC)carriedon.TheLHCdeliveredthegoodsin2012,andtheNobelPrizecommitteefollowedsuitthenextyear.Dr.Higgssmiledsometimesandboretheattention.However,whatscientistsactuallywantfrombigsciencerarelyboilsdowntoasinglething;theywantthemeanswithwhichtoexplorewidely.AsDr.Higgsalwaysknew,whatreallymattersistheprocess,nottheprize.32.WhatcanwesayaboutDr.Higgsaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Hepreferredaquietlife.B.Hisdeathwaslittleknowntoothers.C.Hemademanydiscoveriesbearinghisname.D.Hisunderstandingoftheuniversewasconfusing.33.WhatbreakthroughdidDr.Higgsachieve?A.Heprovedwhyfermionsaremassless. B.Hedifferentiatedtwocategoriesofparticles.C.Heexplainedhowsomebosonsgainedmass. D.Hebrokethefundamentalsymmetries.34.WhywastheSSCproposed?A.TotrackdowntheHiggsboson.B.Tosearchforfermionsandbosons.C.ToprovetheexistenceoftwoWsandaZ.D.Tohelppredictthepossibleadaptationsofbosons.35.WhatdidDr.HiggsthinkofwinningtheNobelPrize?A.Difficult. B.Insignificant. C.Satisfying. D.Far-reaching.第二節(jié)閱讀七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項有兩項為多余選項。PathwaystoScientificBreakthroughsTheGenesisofNovelIdeasScientificdiscoveriesoftensproutfromthemostunexpectedseeds.Asparkofcuriositycansetoffachainreaction.____36____.WhenArchimedesnoticedwaterspillingoverashegotintothebaththatsimpleobservationledtohisfamous“Eureka!”momentaboutdisplacement.Sucheverydayencounters,whenobservedwithascientificeye,canbirthrevolutionaryconcepts.Collaboration:AWinningFormulaInthecomplexwebofmodernscience,collaborationhasbecomenon-negotiable.____37____.Researchersfromdiversefields,likebiologistsandcomputerscientistsworkingonbioinformaticsprojects,pooltheirexpertise.Thebiologistsbringknowledgeoflivingorganisms,whilecomputerscientistsofferadvanceddataanalysistools.Together,theycrackproblemsthatwouldstumpanindividualresearcher.WeatheringtheStormofSetbacksThejourneytoascientificdiscoveryisriddledwithobstacles.Experimentsfail,hypothesescrumble.____38____.Butit’spreciselythesesetbacksthatseparatethegreatsfromtherest.Einsteinfacednumerousrejectionsbeforehistheoriesgainedacceptance.Insteadofquitting,herefinedhiswork,usingfailuresassteppingstonestosuccess.____39____Stayinginformedaboutthelatestscientifictrendsisasvitalasthediscoveryprocessitself.Newresearchpapers,emergingtechnologies,andglobalconferencesaretreasuretrovesofknowledge.Scientistswhokeeptheirearstothegroundcanborrowideas,adaptmethods,andsometimesstumbleuponthemissingpieceoftheirresearchpuzzle.TheRoadAheadTowrapitup,achievingremarkablescientificfeatsrequiresablendofqualities.____40____.Nurturingtheseinbuddingscientistswillensureafuturefilledwithevenmoreawe-inspiringdiscoveries.A.So,whatqualitiesshouldfuturescientistsfocuson?B.Theybounceideasoffeachother,forgingnewsolutions.C.Howcanscientistsmakethebestuseofcollaborations?D.KeepingAbreastofScientificAdvancementsE.It’sthesechanceobservationsthatleadtobreakthroughs.FWhatdrivesscientiststoperseverethroughfailures?G.Buttheydon’tletthesesetbacksderailthem.第三部分語言運用（滿分15分）完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）Earlyinthemorning,whileit’sstilldarkoutside,Irisefrombed,anticipatingthedayahead.Ileavemyroomandgodownstairstothe____41____roomoftheassistedlivingfacility.ThereIhave____42____aquietplaceinwhichtowrite.Ilovetowriteand,inthoseearlymorninghoursbeforedawn,Ican____43____.Icallthesecoupleofhoursintheveryearlypartofmyday“MyQuietHours.”Icanthinkclearlywhenit’sjustmeandthe____44____ofasoon-to-be-noisydiningroom.Whenbreakfastisoverandthedayhasofficially____45____,Imustsneak(偷偷地做)momentsfor____46____intomyday.Whiletheother____47____gototheActivitiesRoomto____48____themselves—makingbirthdaycardsorplayingcardgames,Iquietlyclosethedoortomyroomandremain____49____andwrite.ThesequietmomentsI_____50_____formyselftakeupmostofmyday,andIlikeitthatway.Oneofthe_____51_____oflivinginanassistedlivingfacilityisthat,afteralltheseyears,IcanspendmoretimedoingwhatIlovetodo.Gonearethe_____52_____daysthatdidn’tofferanysparetimeformetoconstructa_____53_____,letaloneasentence.Allofusneed_____54_____timetoexamineourlivesopenlyandhonestly—spendingquiettimealonegivesmyminda(n)_____55_____torenewitself.41.A.meeting B.dining C.living D.dressing42.A.found B.ruined C.sensed D.shown43.A.stay B.eat C.sleep D.think44.A.darkness B.loneliness C.silence D.distance45.A.begun B.passed C.returned D.broken46.A.teaching B.writing C.cleaning D.playing47.A.employees B.residents C.neighbors D.relatives48.A.introduce B.behave C.entertain D.convince49.A.ataloss B.outofsight C.undertheweather D.intheway50.A.comeacross B.laydown C.putaway D.setaside51.A.beauties B.challenges C.means D.moments52.A.joyful B.lazy C.busy D.peaceful53.A.chapter B.plot C.phrase D.mode54.A.limited B.equal C.familiar D.quiet55.A.opportunity B.identity C.diversity D.responsibility第II卷（共55分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。OrganicAgriculture:ASustainableApproachtoFarmingInrecentdecades,organicagriculture____56____(transform)thewaywegrowfood,emergingasavitalalternative____57____conventionalfarmingquietly.Unlikeconventionalfarmingthatleansheavilyonsynthetic(合成)pesticides,fertilizers,and____58____(genetic)modifiedorganisms(GMOs),organicfarmingtakesanaturalapproach.Organicfarmersusecompostandmanuretoboostsoilfertility.Thesenaturalfertilizersworkwonders,enhancingsoilstructure,allowingittoholdwaterbetterandsupplynutrientsstably,____59____iscrucialforlong-termproductivity.Croprotationisalsocrucial;changingcropsseasonallypreventspestanddiseaseoutbreaksandbalancesnutrient____60____(consume).Forpestcontrol,insteadofchemicalsprays,farmersintroduce____61____(benefit)insectsorsetupphysicalbarriers.Thebenefitsarefar-reaching.Environmentally,itlessenschemicalrunoffintoriversandlakes,safeguardingaquaticecosystems.Italsocutsdowngreenhousegasemissions____62____(associate)withproducingsyntheticfertilizers.Forconsumers,organicproduceisfree____63____harmfulresidues(殘留)andmayhavemorenutrientsandbettertaste.Nevertheless,organicfarmingisn’twithoutchallenges.Yieldsmightbelowerinitially____64____(compare)toconventionalmethods,andhigherproductioncostscanmakeorganicproductspricier.Butasconsumerdemandforsafe,healthyfoodsurges,moreresearchandtechnologicaladvancementsareunderway.Organicagricultureholdsthepromiseoffeedingfuturegenerationswhileprotectingourplanet.It’satestament(證據(jù))totheidea_____65_____workingwithnature,notagainstit,canrevolutionizefoodproductionforthebetter.第二節(jié)課文單詞拼寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）用所提供的單詞首字母或漢語提示，以單詞的正確形式填空。66.Solarpanelscang________electricityandheatwateratthesametime,whichisquiteenergy-efficient.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)67.Usingthisnewsoftwaretoprocessdatawillsaveusa________(大量)amountoftimeandmoney,asitautomatesmanycomplextasksthatpreviouslyhoursofmanualwork.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)68.Theauthor,________(相信)ofthepowerofwords,spentyearswritinganovelthatwouldinspiregenerations.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)69.Detectivesarecloselywatchingthemovementsofthoses________,waitingfortherightmomenttomakeamoveandgathermoreevidence.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)70.Accordingtothelatest________(數(shù)據(jù)),theunemploymentrateinthiscityhasdroppedby3%comparedtolastyear,whichisapromisingsignforthelocaleconomy.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)71.Many________(名人)usetheirinfluenceonsocialmediatoraiseawarenessaboutsocialissues,likepovertyandenvironmentalprotection.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)72.Shewalkeds________towardsthestage,showingnosignofnervousness.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)73.Shefeltextremelyf________whensherealizedshehadmadethesamemistakeagaindespitehereffortstoavoidit.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)74.TheUnitedNationscalledforinternationali________toendtheviolentconflictinthewar-tornregion.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)75.Heatcausesthee________ofgases,soweneedtotakethisfactorintoaccountwhenconductingrelevantexperiments.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)第三節(jié)完成句子（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）選擇方框里所提供的短語的恰當形式填空（其中有兩個短語是多余的）。comedownwith,benowherenear,becharacteristicof,suspect…of…,onceandforall,giventhat,haveagreatimpacton,becontradictoryto,betoblame,becomprisedof,deepdown,thanksto76.Theman________stealingthevaluablepaintingwascaughtonsurveillancecamerasneartheartgalleryseveraltimesbeforethetheft.77.Hisactions________hiswords;heclaimstovaluehealth,yethesmokesandeatsjunkfoodregularly.78.Themanagerconfirmedthatthepoorqualityoftheproduct________forthecompany’srecentdeclineinsalesandnumerouscustomercomplaints.79.Thepreviouscommittee________expertsfromvariousfields,ensuringacomprehensiveunderstandingandapproachtotheissuesathand.80.Thelittleboypretendednottocareaboutthelostgame,but________hewasreallydisappointedanddepressed.81.________thedoctor’stimelytreatment,thepatient’sconditionhasstabilizedandisgraduallyimproving.82.Thestrongsenseofrhythm________Africanmusic,whichmakespeoplecan’thelpdancingalong.83.Theathlete,whohadbeentrainingintensivelyinvariousclimates,________asuddenfeverthataffectedhisperformance.84.________shehasnoexperienceinthisfield,she’sdoingquitewell.85.Thecomplexityofthehumanbrain,withitsbillionsofneuronsinteractinginmysteriousways,________beingfullyunderstoodbymodernscience.第四節(jié)書面表達（滿分20分）86.假如你是李華，你們學校將組織一次農業(yè)研學活動（agriculturalstudytour），前往當?shù)氐挠袡C農場，體驗農事勞作，了解現(xiàn)代農業(yè)技術。你校外籍教師Wesley對此次活動很感興趣，因此你想邀請他一同參加。請你給他寫一封電子郵件，內容包括：1.活動時間、地點；2.活動安排；3.活動意義；4.期待對方回復。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。DearWesley,I’mLiHua._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SincerelyYours,LiHua2024—2025學年第一學期長樂一中階段二考試高中二年英語科試卷答案版考試日期：12月19日完卷時間：120分鐘滿分：150分第I卷（共95分）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)閱讀（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AFourAmazingProductsNexStrideNexStrideisdesignedforseniorswhohaveconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.Itisadevicethathelpsthosewithmobilitychallengeswalkbetter.Ituseslightandsoundsignalstostimulatethebrainandimprovethecoordination(協(xié)調)ofthebody.Itcanbeattachedtoanywalkingsticks,andithasadjustablesettingstosuitdifferentneeds.RyanRyanisanAI-enabledsociallyassistiverobotbyDreamFaceTechnologiesdesignedtoengageinpersonalizedconversations,improvingcognitive(認知的)functionandemotionalwell-beingforolderadults.Withspeechrecognitionandfacialexpressionrecognition,Ryanunderstandsandrespondslikeaclosefriend.ElliQElliQisasocialrobotthathelpsolderadultsliveindependentlyathome.Itusesacombinationofvoice,sound,lightandmovementtocommunicatewiththem.Itcansuggestactivitiessuchaslisteningtomusic,playinggames,readingnewsorvideocallingwithfamilyandfriends.ElliQhasatabletthatallowsuserstoaccessvariousappsandservices,suchasemail,socialmediaoronlineshopping.NobiIfapersonfalls,Nobiasksthemtoconfirmitandthenmakesatrustedcontactthroughanapp.ThecontactcantalktothepersonthroughNobiandunlockthedoorremotelyifneeded.Nobialsohelpspreventfallsbyturningonautomaticallywhenanolderpersongetsupatnight,forinstance,togotothetoilet,taketheirpillsordrinksomewater.Sincemostfallsoccuratnight,Nobioffersapreventativesolution.21.WhatisamajorfeatureofNexStride?A.Itprovidesawaytowalkwithconfidence.B.ItprovestobeeffectiveincuringParkinson’s.C.Itenablespatientstomovelikenormalpeople.D.Itcanbeattachedtowalkingsticksorone’sbody.22.WhatdoRyanandElliQhaveincommon?A.Bothmayassisttheirusersinshopping. B.Bothcaninteractwiththeirusers.C.Bothareforyoungandoldalike. D.Bothareequippedwithatablet.23.WhowillshowaninterestinNobi?A.Thosewhohatetakingpills. B.Thosewhogetpoorsleep.C.Thosewhofeellonely. D.Thosewhofalleasily.【答案】21.A22.B23.DBScientistsinChinaandSwedenhavedeterminedthatasmallamountofcapsaicin,thechemicalcompound(化合物)thatgiveschilipepperstheiruniquetaste,maybeacrucialcomponentformorestableandefficientperovskite(鈣鈦礦)solarcells.Perovskitesareafamilyofmineralswithcommonchemicalstructuresthatareusedtocreatesolarcells.Whileperovskitesemiconductors(半導體)representapromisingcomponentforthemostadvancedsolarcelltechnologies,theyaretroubledbynonradiative,anundesirableelectron-levelprocessthatreducesefficiencyandincreasesheatlosses.Researcherssoughtoutanatural,forest-based,inexpensiveadditivetoovercomethislimitationandenhancesolarcellperformance.“Consideringtheelectric,chemicalandstablepropertiesofcapsaicin,wefoundthatitwouldbeapromisingadditive,”saysBaoQinye,seniorauthorofthestudyfromEastChinaNormalUniversity.Totestcapsaicin’scapabilities,Baoandhisteammatesaddedasmallamountofthecompoundintothesolarcells.Next,theresearchersperformedaseriesoftechniquestodeterminehowthecapsaicinadditiveaffectedthesolarcellproperties.Theyfoundthatwhiledeviceswithoutcapsaicinshowedapowertranstormationefficiencyofonly19.1%,devicescontainingcapsaicinhadanefficiencyof21.88%,nearlyashighastherecord21.93%efficiencyofsingie-crystalMAPbldevices,whichareatypeofperovskitesolarcell.Theenhancedsolarcellsalsoshowedimprovedstability,maintainingmorethan90%oftheirmitialefficiencyafter800hoursofbeingexposedtotheair.Capsaicinenabledtheseimprovementsbytransformingtheperoyskitematerial’ssurfaceenergetics,creatinganinterfacebetweenp-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectron-deficient“holes”thanelectrons,andn-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectronsthan“holes”.Thisinterfacepromoteschargetransportandreducesthelossofefficiencyobservedintraditionalperovskitesemiconductors.Whilecapsaicinmayprovidealow-cost,widelyavailableadditiveforthefuturedevelopmentofhighlyefficientperovskitesolarcells,Baoandhisteammatesnotethatfurtherresearchisrequiredtoinvestigatethecompound’seffectonharmless,lead-free(無鉛的)perovskitessuchasinorganicperovskiteanddoubleperovskitebeforeitwillbereadyforcommercialapplications.24.Whatisslowingtheprogressofperovskitesemiconductors?A.Toomuchunnecessaryheat. B.Risingpricesofperovskites.C.Nonradiativerecombination. D.Thecomplexproductionline.25.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3reveal?A.Capsaicinimprovesperovskitesolarcellperrormance.B.Additiveshavelittleinfluenceonsolarcellproperties.C.Solarcellsoftenrequireahighpercentageofcapsaicin.D.Traditionalperovskitesolarcellspossessmoreadvantages.26.Whatisamajordifferencebetweenthep-typeandn-typesemiconductorlayers?A.Thesourceofadditives. B.Thenumberofelectrons.C.Thefunctionofinterfaces. D.Thesizeofsemiconductors.27.WhatmighttheresearchersdonextaccordingtoBao?A.Examineifleadcanbeusedasalow-costadditive.B.Putperovskitesolarcellswithcapsaicinonthemarket.C.Develophighlyefficientsolarcellswithoutanyadditive.D.Observehowcapsaicinaffectseco-friendlyperovskites.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.DCAstart-uphasbegunplantingfungi(真菌)collectedfromhealthyforestsa