【沖刺2021】2021屆高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)(高考模擬專版)匯編：B單元-完形填空(B4說明文)

B4說明文【英語卷·2022屆安徽省合肥市高三其次次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】其次節(jié)：（2022·合肥其次次質(zhì)檢）完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)B4閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Awaveofrecentresearchhaspointedtotherisksofoverpraisingachild.Anditseemsthathowtodrawalinebetweentoolittlepraiseandtoomuchhasbecomeahigh-pressure_36_actforparents.Self-esteem(自尊) servesasakindoftooltomeasurehowmuchchildrenfeelvaluedandacceptedby37.Thissensitivitytoothers'38developsbecauseofhumans'needforsocialacceptance,whichisconsideredtobe39tosurvival.Asearlyasage8,children'sself-esteemtendstoriseandfallinresponsetofeedbacksabout40peersseethemaslikableorattractive.41,itcanalsobebeneficialforkidstofeelbadaboutthemselvesoccasionally,iftheybehaveinselfish,meanorhurtfulwaysthatmight42theirabilitytomaintainrelationshipsorholdajobinthefuture.Inthepast,manyparentsandeducatorsbelievedthathighself-esteem43happinessandsuccess,andkidscouldgainself-esteemsimplybygetting44andawardsfromtheirparents,teachersandpeoplearound.Butrecentlyresearchershavefoundself-esteemdoesn't_45thesedesiredresults.Instead,ifparentspraisetheirkids46,theirself-esteembecomesfocusedonbeingverysmartandbeingthebestandbeingperfect.Buildingtoomuchself-esteemofthechildrencannotgoasplanned,makingthemfeel47lateronwhentheyhitsetbacks(挫折).Accordingtosomeexperts,itcanactuallybegoodforkidstohave48self-esteem,atleastonceinawhile.Andpraisecanbe49ifitdisregardstheworldoutsidethehome.Childrenwhohavea50understandingofhowtheyareseenbyotherstendtogetrecoveredmorereadily51disappointment,depressionorthelike.Thebestpathisa52road,helpingchildrendevelopapositivebut53viewofthemselvesinrelationtoothersbypraisingthemforthe54theyinvestandbehaviorstheyareabletosustain,like"It's55thatyou'reworkingsohardonyourhomework."36.A.balancing B.crashing C.forcing D.embarrassing37.A.themselves B.parents C.others D.teachers38.A.views B.envies C.favors D.blames39.A.irrelevant B.similar C.important D.sensitive40.A.when B.whether C.how D.where41.A.Indeed B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However42.A.improve B.damage C.change D.develop43.A.promised B.delayed C.purchased D.ruined44.A.support B.help C.challenge D.praise45.A.settledown B.workout C.giveaway D.bringabout46.A.rarely B.carefully C.constantly D.casually47.A.worse B.stronger C.better D.madder48.A.high B.much C.low D.little49.A.powerful B.harmful C.grateful D.stressful50.A.practical B.limited C.basic D.perfect51.A.with B.to C.about D.from52.A.straight B.smooth C.middle D.rough53.A.general B.realistic C.different D.negative54.A.talent B.time C.money D.effort55.A.necessary B.awesome C.worthless D.awful【文章解讀】該不該夸孩子，把握好分寸很重要。過度的表揚(yáng)使孩子在遇到挫折時(shí)，不能很快恢復(fù)。對(duì)孩子的評(píng)價(jià)要樂觀，但也要客觀。36.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析【答案解析】AA.balancing 平衡B.crashing 撞擊C.forcing強(qiáng)迫D.embarrassing尷尬近來一些爭(zhēng)辯指出了過分表揚(yáng)孩子可能帶來的種種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。不過，對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)而言，要在夸獎(jiǎng)得太少與太多之間劃清界限，這難度不亞于頂著巨大的壓力走高空繩索。

選A37.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】代詞【答案解析】CA.themselves 他們自己B.parents 父母親C.others 其他人D.Teachers老師從下文Thissensitivitytoothers可知選C38.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】名詞辨析【答案解析】AA.Views觀點(diǎn)B.Envies嫉妒C.favors 恩惠D.blames責(zé)怪這種對(duì)他人觀點(diǎn)的敏感度是由于人類需要社會(huì)的接納而進(jìn)化而來39.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】CA.Irrelevant不相關(guān)的B.similar相像的C.important 重要的D.sensitive敏感的這被認(rèn)為對(duì)生存很重要。40.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】連詞辨析【答案解析】BA.When當(dāng)...時(shí)候B.whether 是否C.How怎樣D.where哪兒早在八歲這個(gè)年齡，孩子的自我認(rèn)知就會(huì)隨著同伴是否認(rèn)為他們可愛或是有魅力這樣的反饋而增加或降低。

選B41.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】副詞【答案解析】DA.Indeed 的確B.Otherwise 否則C.Therefore 因此D.However然而然而，讓孩子間或感覺不好也是有好處的。表示轉(zhuǎn)折，選D42.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析【答案解析】BA.improve提高B.damage破壞C.change轉(zhuǎn)變D.develop進(jìn)展假如孩子的行為表現(xiàn)出自私、自大或是會(huì)損害到他人──這樣的行為有可能影響到他們將來與他人相處或是保住自己工作的力氣。43.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析【答案解析】AA.promised許諾；答應(yīng)B.delayed推遲C.purchased 購買D.ruined毀掉過去，很多家長(zhǎng)和訓(xùn)練者信任，較高的自我認(rèn)可度將會(huì)帶來幸福感與成功。選A44.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析【答案解析】DA.support 支持B.help掛念C.challenge 挑戰(zhàn)D.praise贊揚(yáng)，而若要孩子實(shí)現(xiàn)高度的自我認(rèn)可，做法很簡(jiǎn)潔，只要賜予他們大量的嘉獎(jiǎng)和贊美即可。選D45.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞短語辨析【答案解析】DA.settledown定居下來；安靜下來B.workout 結(jié)果是：計(jì)算出 C.giveaway泄露；贈(zèng)送D.bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致；帶來不過爭(zhēng)辯者們后來發(fā)覺，自我認(rèn)可并不會(huì)帶來這些結(jié)果。選D46.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】副詞辨析【答案解析】CA.rarely罕見地B.carefully 自喜地；當(dāng)心地C.constantly不斷地D.casually任憑地假如父母經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)孩子，他們的自尊就專注于聰慧、最好的、最完善的。選C47.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】AA.worse更糟B.stronger更強(qiáng)C.better更好D.madder更瘋狂讓孩子的自我意識(shí)過于膨脹反而有可能引起相反的作用，使他們?cè)趯砘疾〈煺蹠r(shí)更加懊喪。選A48.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】CA.high高B.much多C.low低D.little少據(jù)一些專家說，讓孩子保持較低的自尊可能對(duì)孩子是好事情。選C49.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】BA.powerful 強(qiáng)大的B.harmful 有害的C.grateful 感謝的D.stressful有壓力的表揚(yáng)可能是有害的，由于它忽視了外面的世界。選B50.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】AA.practical 實(shí)際的；有用的；事實(shí)上B.limited有限的C.basic基本的D.perfect完善的孩子若能對(duì)于他人對(duì)自己的看法有一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的理解往往能從無望、郁悶中恢復(fù)的更快。選A51.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】固定搭配【答案解析】Dgetrecoverfrom從.....中恢復(fù)選D52.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】CA.straight直的B.smooth光滑的C.middle中間的D.rough粗糙的最好的一條路是中間路線，選C53.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】BA.general普遍的；全面的；一般性的 B.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的C.different不同的D.negative消極的；負(fù)面的掛念孩子培育出一個(gè)樂觀、但現(xiàn)實(shí)的、與他人相關(guān)的自我認(rèn)知觀點(diǎn)。

選B54.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】名詞辨析【答案解析】DA.talent才能 B.time時(shí)間C.money 金錢D.effort努力通過努力獲得表揚(yáng)。選D55.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】BA.necessary必要的B.awesome 可怕的；表示敬畏的；了不起的；精彩的C.worthless 無價(jià)值的D.awful可怕的你的功課這么努力，這太棒了?！居⒄Z卷（解析）·2022屆湖北省襄陽五中、鐘祥一中、夷陵中學(xué)三校高三五月聯(lián)考（202205）】B4閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Whatarethebasicelementsofgoodmanners?Certainlyastrongsenseofjusticeisone;courtesy(謙恭)isoften31morethanahighlydevelopedsenseof32play.Afriendofmineoncetoldmeaboutatimewhenhewasdrivingalonganarrow,unpavedmountainroad.33wasanothercarthatproducedcloudsof34,anditwasalongwaytothenearest35highway.Suddenly,atawiderplace,thecarahead36offtheroad.37thatitsownermighthaveenginetrouble,myfriendstoppedandaskedifanythingwaswrong.“38,”saidtheotherdriver,“butyou’vebornemydustthisfar,I’ll39withyourstherestoftheway.”Anotherelementofcourtesyisempathy(善解人意),a40thatenablesapersontoseeintothemindorheartofsomeoneelse,tounderstandthepainor41thereandtodosomethingto42it.Amandinningwithhisgirlfriendinarestaurantwastryingtoopenthecapofabeerbottle,buthecouldn’tdoitbecauseofbadlyinjured43.Heaskedayoungbusboytohelphim.Theboytookthebottle,turnedhisbackmomentarilyandloosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty.Thenhe44itagain.Turningbacktotheman,he45tomakegreateffortstoopenthebottlewithoutsuccess.Finally,hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly,sayingthathehad46toloosenit—butonlywithaspecialtool.47anotherelementofpolitenessistheabilitytotreatallpeople48,inspiteofallstatusorimportance.49whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople,actasiftheyareworthyofyourbestmanners.Youmayalsobe50tofindoutwhattheyreallyare.31.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.nobody32.A.fair B.consistent C.significant D.positive33.A.Behind B.Ahead C.After D.Beside34.A.dust B.smoke C.gas D.pollution35.A.blocked B.used C.paved D.repaired36.A.took B.pulled C.drove D.flew37.A.Hoping B.Seeing C.Recognizing D.Thinking38.A.Yes B.Sure C.No D.Ok39.A.doaway B.catchup C.putup D.goon40.A.tool B.thought C.behavior D.quality41.A.unhappiness B.pleasure C.feeling D.attitude42.A.maximize B.expand C.minimize D.contract43.A.legs B.arms C.fingers D.mouth44.A.loosened B.tried C.capped D.tightened45.A.seemed B.pretended C.managed D.tried46.A.offered B.tried C.managed D.failed47.A.As B.But C.So D.Still48.A.alike B.separately C.warmly D.nicely49.A.Ever B.Specially C.Especially D.Even50.A.astonished B.frightened C.disappointed D.depressed【答案】31.Anothingmorethan相當(dāng)于only，“只不過”之意。故選A。32.A上文Certainlyastrongsenseofjusticeisone毀滅了justice,這里需要填一個(gè)它的同義詞A.fair公正的B.consistent全都的C.significant有意義的，重大的D.positive樂觀的,故選A。33.B另一輛車應(yīng)并在前面，從后面的thecarahead可以找到答案。Before不能用作副詞，表示空間關(guān)系。故選B。34.A前一輛車揚(yáng)起了很多灰塵。本段末有提示。故選A。35.C作者伴侶的車現(xiàn)在正開在灰塵滾滾的沒有鋪柏油的山路上，所以可以推想，要開到最近的鋪好了柏油的大路上還有一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。paved與前面的unpaved對(duì)應(yīng)，比較符合語境。故選李C。36.Btakeoff飛機(jī)起飛，pulloff駛向路邊，driveoff駕車離開，flyoff飛出；前面那輛車駛向路邊，故選B。故選B。37.D這里描述了作者伴侶當(dāng)時(shí)的想法(內(nèi)心的一種猜想)，故用Thinking。他認(rèn)為那部汽車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。故選D。38.C從后面的But可以推斷，汽車并沒有什么毛病。故選C。39.C在余下的路程中，另一輛車的司機(jī)要求作者伴侶的車開在前面，而他自己的車開在后面，忍受吃灰之苦。putupwith是“忍受”之意符合語境。而doawaywith(廢除)，catchupwith(趕上)，goonwith(連續(xù))與句意不合。故選C。40.Dempthy是個(gè)人所具有的品質(zhì)和力氣，而不是工具(tool)想法(thought)或一種行為(behavior)，故選D。41.Aor示意，填空處應(yīng)選用pain的近義詞，作同位語，而只有unhappiness符合這個(gè)要求。故選A。42.CA.maximize使增至最大限度B.expand擴(kuò)大C.minimize把…減至最低數(shù)量[程度]D.contract使收縮；做些事情使苦痛或不幸削減到最小。故選C。43.C擰不開酒瓶蓋，說明受傷的部位應(yīng)當(dāng)是手指頭。故選C。44.D他這時(shí)又把旋松的瓶蓋擰緊。故選D。45.B他假裝費(fèi)了很大的勁卻沒有旋開瓶蓋。故選B。46.Coffertodo主動(dòng)做,trytodo努力做（不愿定成功），managetodo設(shè)法做成某事（做成功了），failtodo做某事沒有成功;只是用了一件特殊的工具，他就打開瓶蓋了。故選C。47.Dstillanother固定搭配“另一個(gè)”禮貌的另一個(gè)要素….故選D。48.Aalike在這里是副詞，“相同地”意思。禮貌的另一個(gè)要素是公正地對(duì)待每一個(gè)人，不管他的地位多高，多么重要。故選Ａ。49.D這里要選用程度狀語來修飾，且含有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。故用Even。故選Ｄ。50.AA.astonished驚異，驚異B.frightened使驚嚇C.disappointed使無望D.depressed使懊喪；你也會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺他們的真面目。故選A?！尽救吩瓌?chuàng)解析純word版】吉林省九校聯(lián)合體2022屆高三其次次摸底考試英語試題解析】B4閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Doyouknowhowmuchyourchildrensleep?AccordingtotheNationalSleepFoundation,41shouldsleeptwelvetoeighteenhours42ofeverytwenty-four.Withagradual43totwelvetofourteenhoursfortoddlers(初學(xué)走路的孩子)onetothree;eleventothirteenhoursfor44threetofive;andtentoelevenhoursforschoolchildren45fivetoten.Butthingsgetreally46atadolescence.Notonlydoteenagersneedmoresleepthan47__---eightandahalftonineandaquarterhoursanight,accordingtothesleepfoundation-butthetimes48whichtheygetsleepyandareabletoawaken49andfeelrestedshiftina50thatdoesnotmatchtothe51timesatmostschools.Sleepstudieshaveshownthatthetypicalteenagerdoesnotfallasleepreadilybefore11p.m.orlater.52manyhavetogetupby6a.m.or53togettoschoolforaclass54startsat7:30or8a.m.Morethanafew55offduringthatclass,andoftenthe56oneaswell.Evenifawake,they'reinnoconditiontolearnmuchofanything.Inonestudy,morethan90percentofteenagers57theysleptlessthanthe58ninehoursanight,and10percentsaidtheysleptlessthansixhours.59_JamesB.Maas,aCornellUniversitypsychologistandLeadingsleepresearcher,hasobserved,mostteenagersare"walkingzombies(僵尸)"60theygetfartoolittlesleep.41.A.childrenB.newbornsC.eldersD.youngsters42.A.fromB.withC.outD.up43.A.reductionB.increaseC.growthD.improvement44.A.teenagersB.studentsC.babiesD.preschoolers45.A.relatedB.separatedC.agedD.varied46.A.demandingB.challengingC.satisfyingD.encouraging47.A.adultsB.toddlersC.babiesD.schoolchildren48.A.inB.onC.atD.for49.A.excitedlyB.earlyC.casuallyD.naturally50.A.formB.meansC.methodD.way51.A.endB.startC.holidayD.examination52.A.SinceB.ForC.YetD.Then53.A.nicerB.earlierC.cleanerD.better54.A.thatB.itsC.whatD.whose55.A.putB.takeC.dozeD.cut56.A.nextB.otherC.lastD.new57.A.examinedB.surveyedC.reportedD.convinced58.A.regulatedB.recommendedC.analyzedD.reported59.A.LikeB.SinceC.AsD.Furthermore60.A.becauseB.whichC.whileD.still【文章解讀】文章介紹不同年齡階段的人需要的睡眠時(shí)間不同，特殊指出年輕人的睡眠嚴(yán)峻不足。41.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】名詞【答案解析】BA.children兒童，B.newborns新生兒，C.elders老年人，D.youngsters年輕人，從下文的：Withagradual

43

totwelvetofourteenhoursfortoddlers(初學(xué)走路的孩子)onetothree;eleventothirteenhoursfor

44

threetofive;可知一開頭是說新生兒，選B42.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】介詞辨析【答案解析】CA.from來自，B.with和，C.out外面，D.up向上，新生兒在每天的24小時(shí)中應(yīng)當(dāng)睡12到18小時(shí)，outof…在…里面，選C43.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】名詞【答案解析】AA.reduction削減，B.increase增加，C.growth增長(zhǎng)，D.improvement提高，初學(xué)走路的孩子漸漸削減到12-14小時(shí)，選A44.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】名詞【答案解析】DA.teenagers年輕人，B.students同學(xué)，C.babies嬰兒，D.preschoolers學(xué)齡前兒童，從下文的：schoolchildren

45

fivetoten.可知三到五歲的學(xué)齡前兒童是11-13小時(shí)，選D45.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析【答案解析】CA.related聯(lián)系，B.separated分別，C.aged年齡，D.varied不同，年齡在5-10歲的同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)睡10-11小時(shí)。Aged做定語修飾schoolchildren，選C46.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【答案解析】BA.demanding苛