2019屆新課標(biāo)Ⅲ專用高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)專題十推理判斷講義

專題十推理判斷高考英語(yǔ)(課標(biāo)Ⅲ專用)Passage1(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,B)詞數(shù):274MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepingup

popcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater

s

75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscar-

riedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparation

forthebuilding

send.ThefilmclassicThe

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Showwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthe

movieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosay

good-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemed

appropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclose

down.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.He

addedthatthetheater

slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”he

五年高考A組統(tǒng)一命題·課標(biāo)卷題組said.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoa

museumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialprob-

lems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashop-

pingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthe

PlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.1.Inwhatwaywasyesterday

scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.2.WhywasThe

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Showputon?A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。經(jīng)營(yíng)了75年的一家影院在放映完最后一場(chǎng)電影后關(guān)門了,觀

眾們眼含熱淚依依不舍。老板為什么做出這個(gè)決定呢?1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheatere-

quipmentinpreparationforthebuilding

send”可知,答案為B項(xiàng)。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebe-

causeitseemedappropriate.”可知,答案為D項(xiàng)。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexontheland”可

知,買家打算在這里修建一棟綜合購(gòu)物大樓,由此推斷出不久之后這家影院就要被拆毀了,所以

答案為C項(xiàng)。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudience

wantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding”可推斷出,與這家老影院分離,觀眾非常傷心難過,所

以答案為B項(xiàng)。長(zhǎng)難句

Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuilda

shoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Bradford把這棟樓和這塊地賣給了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

的一個(gè)開發(fā)公司,這家公司計(jì)劃在這家劇院所處的這塊土地上建一棟綜合購(gòu)物大樓。本句為復(fù)合句。逗號(hào)后是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞firm,在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中

還有一個(gè)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞land。高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊

1.appropriateadj.合適的;恰當(dāng)?shù)?.inpreparationfor為……做準(zhǔn)備3.abandonvt.

拋棄;遺棄4.financialadj.財(cái)政的5.besetin以……為背景6.classicn.經(jīng)典作品7.ware-

housen.倉(cāng)庫(kù);貨棧Passage2(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,B)詞數(shù):290IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLo-

custValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnever

certain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.

WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenableto

putitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebasket

tomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecording

ofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalso

encourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleand

headedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalled

tosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenest

lookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—

LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor

srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.

B.Somefood.C.Arecording.

D.Itsparents.4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It

sunexpected.

B.It

sbeautiful.C.It

shumorous.

D.It

sdiscouraging.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]

本文是一篇記敘文。作者在一個(gè)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的志愿者組織工作,這份工作既有

艱辛痛苦也有拯救生命帶來的幸福。請(qǐng)看作者是怎么救助一只貓頭鷹雛鳥的吧!1.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“canbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain”可知,拯救

野生動(dòng)物的工作有時(shí)令人心碎,因?yàn)閯?dòng)物不一定能活下來,也就是說可能會(huì)徒勞無功,由此可知

答案為A項(xiàng)。2.C

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground.”和第三段中

的“Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.”可知,作者接到一個(gè)居住在Muttontown的婦女的電

話,于是趕過來看看這只雛鳥的情況,由此可知答案為C項(xiàng)。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的描述可知作者給這只雛鳥制作了一個(gè)安全舒適的新巢,把

它放進(jìn)去后,很快它就安靜了下來。由此可知答案為A項(xiàng)。4.B推理判斷題。由最后一段的描述可知,作者回到家,焦急地等待結(jié)果,結(jié)果是雛鳥的父母被

雛鳥發(fā)出的聲音吸引了過來,并開始照料它了。它存活下來了。結(jié)合第一段中的whenitworks,

itissimplybeautiful可知答案為B項(xiàng)。高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊

1.heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的2.survivaln.存活,生存3.constructvt.建造;構(gòu)筑

4.calmdown平靜下來5.respondto對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)Passage3(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,D)詞數(shù):288Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn

tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultz

andIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmell

thatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseem

tobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileor-

ganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It

saplant

sway

ofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.They

pumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.

Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageis

usuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausethey

heardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon

tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.

Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butit

wasn

tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)

thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There

sawholelotgoingon.1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan

.A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarwin

stimeweremoreimaginative.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)植物受到攻擊時(shí),它們不會(huì)坐以待斃,而是會(huì)釋放出某

種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這可能是對(duì)其他植物發(fā)出的一種預(yù)警信號(hào),也可能是自我保護(hù)的一種方式。1.D

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段楓樹的例子可知,當(dāng)其受到攻擊時(shí),受到傷害的部位會(huì)釋放出被

稱為VOCs的化學(xué)物質(zhì),由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻擊時(shí)都會(huì)做出這種反應(yīng),故D項(xiàng)

正確。植物被攻擊時(shí)釋放出的是化學(xué)物質(zhì)而不是噪音,故排除A;釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是對(duì)其他植

物的預(yù)警,而不是從其他植物那里得到幫助,故排除B;根據(jù)第一段首句可排除C項(xiàng)。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,某些植物受到攻擊時(shí),會(huì)釋放出某種香味,將攻擊者的天敵

吸引過來,由此可知當(dāng)它們到來時(shí),攻擊者將會(huì)成為被攻擊者,故A項(xiàng)正確。3.B推理判斷題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知,植物可以保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲傷害。4.C推理判斷題。最后一段提到,150多年前,達(dá)爾文就曾想到這個(gè)世界比我們所看到、聽到的

更加繁忙,更加吵鬧,也更加親密,我們的感官還不夠強(qiáng)大,很多東西都未感知到。由此可推斷出,

這個(gè)世界實(shí)際上更加復(fù)雜,故C項(xiàng)正確。長(zhǎng)難句

Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiesto

theattackers.它們大量排出用來吸引對(duì)于攻擊者來說是天敵的不同昆蟲的香味。本句為復(fù)合句,句中過去分詞短語(yǔ)designedtoattractdifferentinsects作后置定語(yǔ),修飾perfumes,

who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞insects。高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊

1.pumpv.用泵等輸出;涌出2.compoundn.混合物;化合物3.intentionaladj.故意

的;蓄意的4.leafyadj.多葉的;葉茂的5.volatileadj.易揮發(fā)的Passage4(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,C)

詞數(shù):279Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat

s

around.It

scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit

smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOcto-

ber21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.Topeople

whoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermar-

kets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDecio

whichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn

ttasteofanythingspecial,it

sstillworthatry,

asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat

sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneoftheverybestvarietiesfor

eatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou

llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrow

it,soit

sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,

andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensand

commercialorchards(果園).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNational

FruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts

lectures.B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety.

B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow.

D.Ithasaspecialtaste.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea.

B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.

D.Aselfishdesire.4.Whatistheauthor

spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說明文,介紹了蘋果節(jié)的有關(guān)情況。在蘋果節(jié)期間,你可以品嘗到各種蘋

果。文中還提及了一些特殊的品種和蘋果節(jié)的一些特色活動(dòng)。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoften

taste,awidevarietyofapples.可知可以品嘗到很多品種的蘋果。故選D。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalap-

plesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans可知選C。3.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)you

llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit可知種此種

蘋果不易,故選B。4.B推理判斷題。通讀全文,可以知道作者的目的是介紹蘋果節(jié)。長(zhǎng)難句

Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDayto

seewhat

saround.如果你是個(gè)水果種植者,或是想成為一個(gè)這樣的人,利用蘋果節(jié)來看看都有什

么吧。此句是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊

1.catchon變得流行2.awidevarietyof各種各樣的3.beworthatry值得一試Passage5(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,D)

詞數(shù):356Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearethe

classicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeing

spreadandmonitored(監(jiān)控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytracking

people

se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfarther

thandisastersandsobstories.“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityof

Pennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon

tcarehowyou

refeeling.Butwhenyousharea

storywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon

twantthemtothinkofyouas

aDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication—e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-

faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消極的),butthatdidn

t

necessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybe-

causepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Berger

lookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes

website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“most

e-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneof

hisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthan

non-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes

readersandmadethemwanttosharethis

positivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelings

likeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激發(fā))one

wayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikely

itwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.

B.Researchpapers.C.Privatee-mails.

D.Dailyconversations.2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They

resociallyinactive.B.They

regoodattellingstories.C.They

reinconsiderateofothers.D.They

recarefulwiththeirwords.3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger

sresearch?A.Sportsnews.

B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.

D.Financialreviews.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWideB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeopleC.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimesD.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]新聞媒體為了吸引人們的眼球,常常報(bào)道不好的消息或悲慘的事情,但是隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)

的發(fā)展情況有了變化。研究者通過追蹤人們的郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)跟帖,發(fā)現(xiàn)好的消息傳播得更快。在

現(xiàn)在的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,好消息打敗了壞消息,人們更傾向于傳播正能量的文章等。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsand

themorningpapers.可知傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則適用于新聞報(bào)道,故答案是A。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知大眾媒體只關(guān)心是否吸引你的眼球,而不關(guān)心你的感

受,但是當(dāng)你和你的朋友分享故事的時(shí)候,你會(huì)非常關(guān)心你朋友的反應(yīng),不希望對(duì)方認(rèn)為你是一

個(gè)冷漠的、不體貼的人。C選項(xiàng)符合文意。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句話可知科學(xué)類的文章比非科學(xué)類的文章被寫入郵件

的可能性大得多,故B選項(xiàng)正確。4.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的第一段可知,壞消息傳播得更快。如果新聞里有流血事件,那么

這條新聞會(huì)成為頭版頭條,引起人們的注意。但是現(xiàn)在情況發(fā)生了變化,研究者通過追蹤人們的

郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)跟帖,發(fā)現(xiàn)好的消息傳播得更快。在現(xiàn)在的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,好消息打敗了壞消息,故D選

項(xiàng)正確。長(zhǎng)難句Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegative

feelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.讀者們也傾向于分享,讓人

感到興奮或是有趣的文章,或是引發(fā)憤怒或焦急的消極感受的文章,而不是僅僅讓他們感到憂傷

的文章。本句是復(fù)合句,三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)articles進(jìn)行解釋說明。高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊

1.massmedia大眾媒體2.thinkof...as...把……看作是……

3.Themore...themore...

越……越……Passage6(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,D)

詞數(shù):293AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley

spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—ifthey

hadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisas-

trousshipwreck(海難),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyofthe

imageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotake

SirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmost

shoreofAntarctica

sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydog

sled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobert

FalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhis

fourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryThe

Endurance,

adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott

slastjourney,completedashelay

inatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld

simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100miles

oftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieand

stillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewthe

Antarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.

B.Ernest

Shackleton.C.RobertFalconScott.

D.CarolineAlexander.3.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.

B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking.

D.Treasurehunting.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章通過FrankHurley的照片講述了那次航行的背景。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句可知,FrankHurley的照片拍攝于1914年到1916年,大

多數(shù)是在經(jīng)歷海難后,在沒有生存的希望的情況下拍攝的,由此可判斷它們記錄了一次海難。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhat

CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.以及下句可知,1912年RobertFalconScott到達(dá)了南極,而

Endurance航行的目的是超越他,但是遭遇了海難,由此可判斷RobertFalconScott到達(dá)南極的時(shí)

間更早。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句中的athoroughlycommercialeffort可知,Alexander認(rèn)

為那時(shí)的冒險(xiǎn)完全是一種商業(yè)行為,也就是為了賺錢,因此可判斷選C項(xiàng)。長(zhǎng)難句

Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesof

theSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieand

stillphotography.Shackleton是一個(gè)原先的英國(guó)商船隊(duì)軍官,在1908年到達(dá)過南極100英里內(nèi),并且

他在1914年航行前開辦了一個(gè)公司來從電影和劇照攝影中賺錢。本句為復(fù)合句。句中aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficer為同位語(yǔ),同時(shí)作定語(yǔ)從句whohad

gottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908的先行詞。Passage7(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,A)

詞數(shù):293YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Ofthe

outstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100

years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthe

poorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersand

promotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmerican

womantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren

tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular196

2bookSilent

Springraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemi-

calsonhumansandontheworld

slakesandoceans.SandraDayO

Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO

ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)

and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O

Connorgavethedecidingvotein

manyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoa

whitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboy-

cott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,

wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.2.WhatwasthereasonforO

Connor

sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.

B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO

Connor.

D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.

B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.

D.Theyarepeace-lovers.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了100年以來歷史上四位在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域做出杰出

貢獻(xiàn)的偉大女性。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句和第二句可知JaneAddams幫助窮人,為和平而努力,

做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn),因此判斷選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)“她的教學(xué)技能”。C項(xiàng)“她得獎(jiǎng)的努力”。D項(xiàng)

“她的社區(qū)背景”。這三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句可知:SandraDayO

Connor1952年在斯坦福法學(xué)院

畢業(yè)之后,因?yàn)槭且晃慌慷荒茉诼蓭熓聞?wù)所找到工作,由此可判斷當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)婦女的歧視,

故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng),根據(jù)文中信息“她從法學(xué)院畢業(yè)”可知她不缺乏法律的培訓(xùn)。B項(xiàng),她法庭經(jīng)驗(yàn)

的缺乏不是找不到工作的理由,原因是她是婦女。D項(xiàng),貧窮的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,文中未提及。discrimi-

nationn.歧視。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第四句中的kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement可判斷Rosa

Parks為民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了貢獻(xiàn),故選D項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均和民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)無關(guān)。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文中四名女士在不同領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻(xiàn)可知,她們是自己領(lǐng)域中的先

鋒人物,故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng),文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B項(xiàng),顯然幾人均和創(chuàng)造性無關(guān)。D項(xiàng),只有一人的貢獻(xiàn)與和平有關(guān)。長(zhǎng)難句

Ifitweren

tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.如果

不是RachelCarson的話,今天的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)就可能不會(huì)存在。本句為復(fù)合句,其主句為theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday,而Ifitweren

tfor

RachelCarson為條件狀語(yǔ)從句。注意本句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Passage8(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,B)

詞數(shù):346ThefreezingNortheasthasn

tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechance

cameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.I

leftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(維生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwe

toucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,

winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,but

thebestpart—particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.

m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers

marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainor

shine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries;thered-paintedsides

oftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,the

tomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtoma-

toes.Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I

verefusedtobuywintertoma-

toesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey

reunfail-ingly

dry,hard,and

tasteless.ButIhomedin,with

uncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrown

s

GroveFarm

sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdeal—and

atthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthat

backhomeinNewYorkIwouldn

tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown

s

GroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitz

Carlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeing

themenu,IknewI

dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.1.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?A.Exciting.

B.Boring.C.Relaxing.

D.Annoying.2.Whatmadetheauthor

sgettingupearlyworthwhile?A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmers

market.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttomatoessoldinNewYorkinwinter?A.Theyaresoft.

B.Theylooknice.C.Theytastegreat.

D.Theyarejuicy.4.Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening?A.Gotoafarm.

B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.

D.Buyfreshvegetables.答案

[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材是個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。紐約寒冷的冬天很是無趣,所以當(dāng)有機(jī)會(huì)去佛羅

里達(dá)州的Sarasota過周末時(shí),我馬上就收拾好行李出發(fā)了。在那里的經(jīng)歷真是讓人回味無窮,在

那里還見到了與紐約不一樣的西紅柿。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句ThefreezingNortheasthasn

tbeenaterriblyfunplaceto

spendtimethiswinter...可以看出作者認(rèn)為寒冷的東北地區(qū)是一個(gè)無趣的地方,故B項(xiàng)正確。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句...wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers

market

thatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.可知,作者認(rèn)為Sarasota農(nóng)場(chǎng)之行使得早

起非常值得。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore...可以看出

紐約冬天出售的西紅柿看起來很吸引人,故B項(xiàng)正確。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的...anewlyopenedrestaurant...where—luckilyforme—I

wasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.可知作者打算在那天晚上去飯店美餐一頓。Passage9(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,D)

詞數(shù):350ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.This

evening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psy-

chologis