專題05-生態(tài)環(huán)保篇(一)(解析版)

專題05生態(tài)環(huán)保篇（一）Text41（2023秋·山東臨沂·高一臨沂第四中學(xué)?？计谀〢groupofvolunteersjoinedforcestoformahumanchaintofreefourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(擱淺)inacanalforfourdays.ThefourdolphinswereseeninthewaterneartheFossilPark,neighborhoodinStPetersburg,Florida,US,onSunday.ExpertsfromtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission(FWC)hadmonitoredthedolphins’activitiesinthepastfewdaysandhopedthattheywouldswimoutwiththetide(潮水).Butwhenthedolphinsstruggledtoleavethecanal,bravevolunteersjoinedmembersoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandtheClearwaterMarineAquariumtoformarescueteamtofreethem.Dozensofpeoplegatheredtotakevideosandpicturesofthekindact.Ateamof14volunteersheldhandstoactasablocktoguidethedolphinsoutofthenarrowchannel.TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstothevastexpansesofRivieraBay.Dolphinsfindtheirwayinthewaterthroughecholocation(回聲定位).Thatmeans,bymakinghigh-frequencysounds,theycanrecognizetheechoesofsoundwavesthatbounceoffobjectstofindtheirwayaround.AndyGarrett,abiologistoftheFWCsaid,“Wewereabletokeepthatchaintogether.Thedolphinswereinterested.Theyactuallycameoverrightaway.”Headdedthatwhentheteamreachedabridge,thedolphinsappearedabitnervousandstarteddoingsomespins.“Theymadeonerealhardpassatourteamandthenwentunderthebridgeandtookoff,”Garrettsaid.Theoperationlastedabout45minutesandtherescueteamdidnotusenetsoranyitemsthatcouldstressthedolphins.1．Whatcanweknowaboutthedolphinsfromparagraph1?A．Theyswamingroupstoprotectthemselves.B．TheylivedinthewaternearFossilPark.C．Theywereobservedinsecretbyvolunteers.D．Theywereforcedtostayinacanalforfourdays.2．Whydidvolunteersshoutandpatthewater?A．Tomakesoundstoattractsomepeople.B．Toguidethedolphinstolargerwaters.C．Tocelebratethesuccessofsavingdolphins.D．Totestthedifferentreactionsoffourdolphins.3．Whatwordscouldbestdescribetherescuers?A．Braveandcaring.B．Cautiousandhumorous.C．Smartandstubborn.D．Optimisticandenergetic.4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Dolphinsswamtothecanaltohuntforfood.B．Rescuersformedahumanchaintosavedolphins.C．Volunteerstrainedfourdolphinstofindtheirwayhome.D．Expertsstudiedthewaysofdolphinsfindingdirections.【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一群志愿者組成人鏈，將四只被困在運(yùn)河里四天的海豚解救出來(lái)的故事。1．【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Agroupofvolunteersjoinedforcestoformahumanchaintofreefourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(擱淺)inacanalforfourdays.(一群志愿者組成人鏈，將四只被困在運(yùn)河里四天的海豚解救出來(lái)。)”可知，從第一段我們能知道海豚它們被迫在運(yùn)河里呆了四天。故選D項(xiàng)。2．【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstothevastexpansesofRivieraBay.(他們一邊喊，一邊用手拍打水面，引導(dǎo)海豚前往廣闊的里維埃拉灣。)”可知，志愿者們大喊大叫并拍水是為了引導(dǎo)海豚到更大的水域。故選B項(xiàng)。3．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butwhenthedolphinsstruggledtoleavethecanal,bravevolunteersjoinedmembersoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandtheClearwaterMarineAquariumtoformarescueteamtofreethem.(但當(dāng)海豚掙扎著離開(kāi)運(yùn)河時(shí)，勇敢的志愿者加入了美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局以及Clearwater海洋水族館的成員，組成了一支救援隊(duì)將它們解救出來(lái)。)”再結(jié)合文章講述的志愿者解救被困海豚的故事可知，志愿者們是勇敢且樂(lè)于助人的，所以用“勇敢而有愛(ài)心”來(lái)形容這些救援人員最恰當(dāng)。故選A項(xiàng)。4．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是四只海豚被迫在運(yùn)河呆了四天，一群志愿者組成人鏈，通過(guò)喊叫、拍打水面引導(dǎo)海豚前往廣闊的里維埃拉灣，并最終將四只海豚解救出來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)。Text42（2023秋·廣西玉林·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Althoughorcas(虎肆),alsoknownaskillerwhales,arefamousfortheirattacksonseaanimals,theyareneverathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenpurposelyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstreportedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,almostturningtheboatoverandhavingitsengineturnedoff.Sincethen.over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas’behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefintuna-theorcas’mainfoodsource-whichhasmadethearea’skillerwhaleshungryandunabletofeedtheirbabies.“Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansarerelatedtofoodshortages,”saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinUSA．Theenvironmentalistsbelievethatthereisanotherreasonfortheagitation.Theythinktheorcas’behaviorcouldalsobecausedbythesuddenincreaseinboat.Humanbeingssailacrosstheseaagain,aftermonthsofrestrictions(限制)onhumanactivitylastspringHowever,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinSpain,thinkstheattacksarepreventive(預(yù)防性)measurestheorcastooktoguardthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchermadesuchasummaryafterlookingatthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully,theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytobringthepeacebetweentheanimalsandthehumansbacksoon.5．Whatcanweinferaboutorcasfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theyarefriendlytohumans.B．Theyalwaysattackingboats.C．Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.D．Theyarefamousforhuntingskills.6．Theunderlinedword“agitation”inParagraph3probablyrefersto___.A．theattacksB．boatinjuriesC．fishingactivitiesD．humanactivities7．WhichofthefollowingmayAlfredoLopezagreewith?A．Orcasattackboatsforfood.B．Orcasattackboatstoprotectthemselves.C．Orcasarelivingpeacefullywithhumans.D．Orcasareoftenhurtbyhumanactivities.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowDoKillerWhalesAttackHumans?B．WhyAreKillerWhalesAttackingBoats?C．WhatCanWeDotoHelpKillerWhales?D．WhyShouldWeStopHuntingKillerWhales?【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了虎鯨，以攻擊海洋動(dòng)物而聞名，但它們對(duì)人類從來(lái)都不是威脅。然而，自7月下旬以來(lái)，這種通常群居的動(dòng)物開(kāi)始在西班牙和葡萄牙海岸故意襲擊帆船。從而，世界各地的研究人員都在試圖解釋虎鯨的奇怪行為。5．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenpurposelyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.”（然而，自7月下旬以來(lái)，這種通常群居的動(dòng)物開(kāi)始在西班牙和葡萄牙海岸故意襲擊帆船。）以及第二段“ThestrangebehaviorfirstreportedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,almostturningtheboatoverandhavingitsengineturnedoff.Sincethen.

over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.”（這種奇怪的行為首次報(bào)道于2020年7月29日，當(dāng)時(shí)一艘46英尺長(zhǎng)的船被9只逆戟鯨反復(fù)攻擊了近一個(gè)小時(shí)，幾乎把船翻了，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)也被關(guān)閉了。從那時(shí)起。據(jù)報(bào)道，還有30多起類似事件。）可知，從前兩段我們能推斷出虎鯨它們已經(jīng)改變了自己的行為。故選C項(xiàng)。6．【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一二段提到的虎鯨故意襲擊帆船，引出話題，提到襲擊。以及第三段中“Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefintuna-theorcas’mainfoodsource-whichhasmadethearea’skillerwhaleshungryandunabletofeedtheirbabies.”（一些人認(rèn)為這可能是由于過(guò)度捕撈藍(lán)鰭金槍魚(yú)(虎鯨的主要食物來(lái)源)造成的，這使得該地區(qū)的虎鯨感到饑餓，無(wú)法喂養(yǎng)它們的孩子。）可知，為分析襲擊的原因。和“Theenvironmentalistsbelievethatthereisanotherreason”（環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為還有另一個(gè)原因）可推知，為分析襲擊的另一個(gè)原因。故可猜測(cè)劃線單詞agitation為“襲擊”的意思，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)theattacks“襲擊”意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)。7．【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinSpain,thinkstheattacksarepreventivemeasurestheorcastooktoguardthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.”（然而，西班牙生物學(xué)教授AlfredoLópez認(rèn)為，這些攻擊是虎鯨為保護(hù)自己免受船只傷害而采取的預(yù)防性措施。）可知，AlfredoLopez認(rèn)為虎鯨攻擊船只是為了保護(hù)自己。故選B項(xiàng)。8．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Althoughorcas,alsoknownaskillerwhales,arefamousfortheirattacksonseaanimals,theyareneverathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenpurposelyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.”（雖然虎肆，也被稱為虎鯨，以攻擊海洋動(dòng)物而聞名，但它們對(duì)人類從來(lái)都不是威脅。然而，自7月下旬以來(lái)，這種通常群居的動(dòng)物開(kāi)始在西班牙和葡萄牙海岸故意襲擊帆船。）以及下文提到的世界各地的研究人員都在試圖解釋虎鯨的行為。故可推知，文章最好的標(biāo)題是“虎鯨為什么要攻擊船只？”。故選B項(xiàng)。Text43（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一校考期末）Afewweeksagoagroupofscientistsproducedareportaboutglobalwarmingandthenaturalworld.Theywantedtofindoutifglobalwarmingwasdangerousforplantsandanimals.Thescientistsweresurprisedbywhattheyfound.Theysawthatduringthenext50yearsabout25%oflandanimalsandplantswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Morethan1millionplantsandanimalspecieswilldieoutby2050.Theheadoftheresearchteam,ChristThomas,whoisaprofessorofconservationbiologyatLeedsUniversity,saidtheresultsoftheirresearchwerefrightening.Morethan10%ofallplantsandanimalswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Itistoolatetosavemanyplantsandanimalsbecauseofthegreenhousegasesthatarealreadyintheatmosphere.Butthescientistssayifwecontrolgreenhousegasesnow,wecansavemanymoreplantsandanimalsfromdisappearing.Thescientistsstudiedsomeareasoftheworldwithveryrichbiology.TheseareaswereEurope,Australia,CentralandSouthAmerica,andSouthAfrica.Theirstudiesshowedthatspecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvivalbecausetheycouldmoveuphilltogetcooler.Inflatareas,suchasdeserts,plantsandanimalswouldhavetomoveverylongdistancestogetcooler,sotheyareingreatdangerofdyingout.Thescientistsfoundmanysurprisingthings.Forexample,theyfoundthathalfofthe24speciesofbutterflytheystudiedinAustraliawouldsoondisappear.9．Accordingtothispassage,globalwarmingcanbebestdescribedas________tomanyplantsandanimals.A．disappointing B．strangeC．surprising D．deadly10．What’sthepurposeoftheresearchledbyChristThomas?A．Topreventanimalsandplantsfromglobalwarming.B．Toraisepeople’sawarenesstocontrolgreenhousegases.C．Toresearchtheeffectofglobalwarmingonanimalsandplants.D．Towarnusofthedyingoutofmanyanimalsandplants.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．GreenhouseEffectandGlobalWarmingB．AfrighteningDiscoveryConcerningGlobalWarmingC．AnimalsaredyingoutintheWorldD．Disappearanceofspecies12．Whydospecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvival?A．TheearthisgettingwarmerB．Theycanmovedownhilltogetcooler.C．TheyhavetogotohighaltitudetogetcoolerD．Morespeciesaredisappearing.【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于溫室氣體的不斷增加，世界上的動(dòng)植物物種將會(huì)在世界上消失，作者通過(guò)分析現(xiàn)狀引起人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的意識(shí)。9．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theysawthatduringthenext50yearsabout25%oflandanimalsandplantswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Morethan1millionplantsandanimalspecieswilldieoutby2050.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在接下來(lái)的50年里，大約25%的陸地動(dòng)植物將從地球上消失。到2050年，將有超過(guò)100萬(wàn)種植物和動(dòng)物物種滅絕。)”可知，由于全球變暖導(dǎo)致動(dòng)植物物種不斷減少，甚至是有些物種在地球上消失，由此可推斷，這種影響對(duì)動(dòng)植物來(lái)說(shuō)是致命的。故選D項(xiàng)。10．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Theywantedtofindoutifglobalwarmingwasdangerousforplantsandanimals.(他們想知道全球變暖對(duì)動(dòng)植物是否有危險(xiǎn)。)”可知，科學(xué)家們想知道，全球變暖是否會(huì)對(duì)動(dòng)植物有危險(xiǎn)，也就是說(shuō)，他們的研究目的是全球變暖對(duì)動(dòng)植物的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。11．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theysawthatduringthenext50yearsabout25%oflandanimalsandplantswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Morethan1millionplantsandanimalspecieswilldieoutby2050.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在接下來(lái)的50年里，大約25%的陸地動(dòng)植物將從地球上消失。到2050年，將有超過(guò)100萬(wàn)種植物和動(dòng)物物種滅絕。)”以及第二段中的“Theheadoftheresearchteam,ChristThomas,whoisaprofessorofconservationbiologyatLeedsUniversity,saidtheresultsoftheirresearchwerefrightening.(該研究小組的負(fù)責(zé)人，利茲大學(xué)的保護(hù)生物學(xué)教授克里斯特·托馬斯說(shuō)，他們的研究結(jié)果令人恐懼。)”和第三段中的“Thescientistsfoundmanysurprisingthings.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多令人驚訝的事情。)”可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于氣候變暖，很多物種瀕臨滅絕，所以本文講述的是一個(gè)與氣候變暖相關(guān)的可怕發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。12．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theirstudiesshowedthatspecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvivalbecausetheycouldmoveuphilltogetcooler.(他們的研究表明，生活在山區(qū)的物種有更好的生存機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢陨掀乱苿?dòng)以獲得更冷的溫度。)”可知，在山區(qū)的物種可以向高涼爽的山上移動(dòng)，減少氣候變暖對(duì)其影響。故選C項(xiàng)。Text44（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一廣州市第七十五中學(xué)?？计谀㏕he“no-mow(不割草)”movementiscatchingpeople’sattention,andI’vejoineditafterhavingthelucktoseehowbeautifulanaturalmeadow(草地)canbe.Severalyearsago,ImovedtoatinytowninOregon.Whenwepulleduptothehousewherewewouldbestaying,ItookonelookatwhatIsawastheovergrowngrass.Theseaofgrasstookmybreathaway.“Thisisgoingtobeahugejob,”Ithoughttomyself.IgrewupinNewYork.Mygrandfathertaughtmehowtomowourlawn(草坪)whenIwas8yearsold．AndItookcareofthatlawnuntilIleftforcollege.Later,IboughtmyownhouseinConnecticut,andthehousecamewithasmalllawn.BythenIhadbeenwritingforAudubonmagazineandhadlearnedhowpointlesslawnswere.Iwantedtobuildabutterflygardenandplantsomeplants.Iwassickofmowing.ButIkeptthelawn,asIwasconcernedaboutthefutureresalevalueofahousewithoutabacklawn.OnceIhadspentseveralweeksgettingusedtoOregonlife,learningthelocalcultureandfinallysettlingdown,Irealizedthemeadowthatsurroundedmynewhomewasn’tanuntidylawn,butoneofthelocaltypesofecosystems.Andinmyfirstweeksenjoyingmynewfavoriteplaceintheworld,Iwaspleasedwiththehugeamountoflifethemeadowsupported.Therearelotsofinsects,butthatonlymeanslotsofhealthyfoodforthesongbirdsthatInowsharemyhomewith.Becauseofthebirds,manyinsectsareeaten,soI’venothadanyinsectproblems.Contrarytowhatmanypeopleexpectfromhighgrasses,I’vefoundthatIhavefewerharmfulinsects,becauseitisabalancedsystem.Therearebutterflies,vegetablesandbeautifulwildflowers.Themeadowisneverthesame.Itchangesfromweektoweekbecauseit’salivingsystem.13．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenshefirstarrivedatthenewhouseinOregon?A．Tired B．Embarrassed C．Shocked D．Interested14．Howwastheauthor’slifeinOregon?A．Shestartedenjoyingthenaturalgrassthere.B．Shefailedtojointhe“no-mow”movement.C．Shewasworriedabouttheuntidyenvironmentthere.D．Shewasbusyimprovingthelocals’livingconditions.15．Whatdoestheauthormainlysayaboutthemeadowinthelastparagraph?A．Itprovidesamorebalancedecosystem.B．Itsuppliesmanykindsoffoodtotheauthor.C．Itcausesmanyinsectproblemsfortheauthor.D．Ithelpsreducetheauthor’swritingpressure.【答案】13．C

14．A

15．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述習(xí)慣給草地除草的作者搬到新家，當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬怀?，因此她的草地也雜草重生。她本以為除掉這片草將是繁重的任務(wù)，但卻逐漸習(xí)慣并喜歡上這片草地帶給自己的更加平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段后兩句“Whenwepulleduptothehousewherewewouldbestaying,ItookonelookatwhatIsawastheovergrowngrass.Theseaofgrasstookmybreathaway.“Thisisgoingtobeahugejob,”Ithoughttomyself.(當(dāng)我們把車開(kāi)到我們要住的房子時(shí)，我看了一眼映入眼簾的東西，雜草叢生。草海讓我大吃一驚。“這將是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作，”我心想。)”可知，這叢生的雜草多得讓作者感到驚訝，開(kāi)始盤算這項(xiàng)工作該多么艱巨。故選C項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andinmyfirstweeksenjoyingmynewfavoriteplaceintheworld,Iwaspleasedwiththehugeamountoflifethemeadowsupported.(在我享受世界上我新的最喜歡的地方的最初幾周，我對(duì)這片草地所支持的強(qiáng)大生命感到滿意。)”可知，作者開(kāi)始喜歡上這片草地。故選A項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Contrarytowhatmanypeopleexpectfromhighgrasses,I’vefoundthatIhavefewerharmfulinsects,becauseitisabalancedsystem.(與許多人對(duì)高草的期望相反，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的有害昆蟲(chóng)更少，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)平衡的系統(tǒng)。)”，以及最后一句“Itchangesfromweektoweekbecauseit’salivingsystem.(它每周都在變化，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有生命的系統(tǒng)。)”可知，這一段主要討論的是這片草地帶來(lái)了更加平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。Text45（2023秋·廣東江門·高一江門市第一中學(xué)?？计谀￤ithhumansencroaching(侵入)moreandmoreonwildlifehabitats,animalsarefindingthatthebestwaytosurviveisn’ttopackupandmove—it’stoadapttothenightlife.Avarietyofpreviouslydaytimeanimalssuchasfoxes,deerandboarshavebecomeactiveatnighttoavoidhumanactivityoutoffear.Butthisnighttimeswitchcomeswithitsownrisks.Researcherslookedathow62speciesofanimalsonsixcontinentschangedtheirbehaviorinresponsetohumanactivitiessuchashunting,farming,anddevelopment.Thestudiesemployedvarioustechnologiestofollowtheanimals,fromGPStrackerstomotion-activatedcameras.Oncenightfalls,theanimalssurveyedbecamefarmoreactivethantheywerebeforehumansarrived,huntingandlookingforfoodinthedark.Forexample,animalsthatusedtosplittheiractivityevenlybetweendayandnighttypicallyincreasedtheirnighttimeactivityto68%.Theteamalsofoundtheanimalsrespondedsimilarlytothesehumanencroachments,regardlessofwhetherhumanactivitydirectlyaffectedthem.So,adeermightbecomemoreactiveatnightsimplybecauseitseeshumanshikingnearby,notbecauseit’sbeinghunted.Theresearchersbelievethesenighttimebehaviorsnotonlyallowhumansandanimalstocoexistmorepeacefully,theymaybeabletogiveushintsastohowtoplanconservationeffortsaccordingly,suchaslimitinghumanactivityduringtimeswhenaspecificspeciesismoreactive.Butmovingtothenightlifecouldalsohavedownsidesfortheseanimals.Anighttimelifestylecanreduceananimal’sabilitytohuntandfindfoodsuccessfullyandcanevenaffectitsabilitytofindamate.Switchingtoanighttimelifestylecanaffectnaturalpatternsoflifeeveniftheseanimalsaredoingsotoreducetheirinteractionwithhumans.So,justbecauseanimalsarebecomingmoreactiveatnightdoesn’tmeanthey’veescapedtheinfluenceofhumans.16．Whyareanimalsbecomingmoreactiveatnight?A．Itiseasiertofindfoodatnight.B．Itiseasiertoescapebeinghunted.C．Theyhavegotusedtonightlife.D．Theycanbelessaffectedbyhuman.17．Howdidtheresearchersfindtheanimals’behavioralchanges?A．Theyfollowedandwatchedtheanimals.B．Theycompareddifferentanimals.C．Theyusedmoderntechnologies.D．Theyfoundmoreanimalsatnight.18．Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A．Deercangetusedtonightlifeeasily.B．Animalscanbeaffectedonlywhenbeinghunted.C．Anyhumanencroachmentcanaffectanimals.D．Animalsshouldstayawayfromhumans.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Animalsmovetonightlifeduetohumanencroachments.B．Animalshavetheirownwaystogetusedtolifechanges.C．Animalsshouldbewellprotectedbeforeitistoolate.D．Thebenefitsandrisksofanimals’nightlifestyle.【答案】16．D

17．C

18．C

19．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了隨著人類越來(lái)越多地侵入野生動(dòng)物棲息地，動(dòng)物們發(fā)現(xiàn)生存的最佳方式不是收拾行李搬家，而是要適應(yīng)夜間生活。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Avarietyofpreviouslydaytimeanimalssuchasfoxes,deerandboarshavebecomeactiveatnighttoavoidhumanactivityoutoffear.（狐貍、鹿、野豬等各種以往白天活動(dòng)的動(dòng)物，由于害怕人類活動(dòng)而在夜間活動(dòng)。）”可以，動(dòng)物在夜間變得更加活躍，是因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)它們受人類的影響較小。故選D項(xiàng)。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Researcherslookedathow62speciesofanimalsonsixcontinentschangedtheirbehaviorinresponsetohumanactivitiessuchashunting,farming,anddevelopment.（研究人員觀察了六大洲的62種動(dòng)物如何改變它們的行為，以應(yīng)對(duì)狩獵、農(nóng)業(yè)和開(kāi)發(fā)等人類活動(dòng)。）”可知，研究人員使用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些動(dòng)物的行為變化的。故選C項(xiàng)。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Theteamalsofoundtheanimalsrespondedsimilarlytothesehumanencroachments,regardlessofwhetherhumanactivitydirectlyaffectedthem.（研究小組還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管人類活動(dòng)是否直接影響到它們，動(dòng)物對(duì)這些人類侵犯的反應(yīng)相似。）”可知，任何人類的侵犯都會(huì)影響動(dòng)物。故選C項(xiàng)。19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段一、二句“Withhumansencroaching(侵入)moreandmoreonwildlifehabitats,animalsarefindingthatthebestwaytosurviveisn’ttopackupandmove—it’stoadapttothenightlife.Avarietyofpreviouslydaytimeanimalssuchasfoxes,deerandboarshavebecomeactiveatnighttoavoidhumanactivityoutoffear.（隨著人類越來(lái)越多地侵占野生動(dòng)物的棲息地，動(dòng)物們發(fā)現(xiàn)，最好的生存方式不是收拾行李搬家，而是適應(yīng)夜間生活。狐貍、鹿、野豬等各種以往白天活動(dòng)的動(dòng)物，由于害怕人類活動(dòng)而在夜間活動(dòng)。）”結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述了由于人類的侵犯，動(dòng)物轉(zhuǎn)向夜間生活。故選A項(xiàng)。Text46（2022秋·寧夏中衛(wèi)·高一中衛(wèi)中學(xué)校考期末）Onenight,asIwasdrivingdowntheroad,Ifoundsomethingwassittinginthemiddleoftheroad.Afewsecondslater,IrealizedIwaslookingatalargeturtle(海龜).Afraidofitbeingcrashedbycars,soIpulledover,ranacrosstheroadanddraggedtheturtletosafety.ButI’dmadeonebigmistake.Ihadheardthatthebestwaytopickupaturtlewithouthurtingitwaspickingitbythetailinordernottogetbitten.SoI’dmadethatbigmistake.WhiletheturtleturnedoutOKgenerally,Iwasdeterminedtofigureouthowtomoveaturtleproperly.Ineededtofindsomeonewhodealtwithturtles.IfoundtheOntarioTurtleConservationCentre.ItalkedtoDr.Sue,itsExecutiveandMedicalDirector.Dr.Suetoldmethattheorganizationdealtwithanumberofaspectsofturtleconservation,includingrescue,settlement,birthprograms,research,andeducation.SueexplainedthatsouthernOntarioishometoavastmajorityofturtlesinCanada,butisalsooneofthevastestroadnetworksofthecountry.“Ninetypercentofinjuredturtlesbroughtinarecausedbycars.Theseturtlesspendalotoftimeonland.Andtheydotravelmanykilometersonlandforavarietyofreasons,tofindanestingspot,ortohangoutforthesummerorwinter.Turtlesknowwheretheywanttogo.So,justkeepthemgoinginthedirectiontheywanttogoandyoumayhavesavedaturtle’slife,”Dr.Suesaid.Onceaninjuredturtlearrivesatthecenter,therearemedicalfacilities(設(shè)備)readytogo,includinganX-raymachine.That’swhentheteamgetstoworkwithhealinginjuries,andhelptheirpatient.20．Whydidtheauthorstopthecar?A．Tohelptheturtle.B．Toseethethingclearly.C．Topreventacaraccident.D．Tofindsomethinggood.21．Whathappenedtotheturtle?A．Itgothurtbypeoplepreviously.B．Itwasinjuredalittlebit.C．Itwasrunoverbyacar.D．Itlostitsdirection.22．WhatdidDr.Suesuggestatlast?A．Leavingtheturtlesalone.B．MakingOntariohometoturtles.C．Changingtheroadconditions.D．Helpingturtlesfindnestingspots.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patient”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Thedirector. B．Thedriver. C．Theauthor. D．Theturtle.【答案】20．A

21．B

22．A

23．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在開(kāi)車時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只海龜，在幫助它時(shí)卻傷害了它，所以作者決定向?qū)I(yè)人士請(qǐng)教如何正確地幫助海龜?shù)墓适隆?0．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Afewsecondslater,IrealizedIwaslookingatalargeturtle(海龜).Afraidofitbeingcrashedbycars,soIpulledover,ranacrosstheroadanddraggedtheturtletosafety.”（幾秒鐘后，我意識(shí)到自己看到的是一只大海龜。我害怕它被汽車撞壞，所以我把車停在路邊，跑過(guò)馬路，把烏龜拖到安全的地方。）可知，作者停車是為了幫助海龜，故選A。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ihadheardthatthebestwaytopickupaturtlewithouthurtingitwaspickingitbythetailinordernottogetbitten.SoI’dmadethatbigmistake.”（我聽(tīng)說(shuō)，撿起烏龜而不傷到它的最好方法是抓住它的尾巴，這樣就不會(huì)被咬傷。所以我犯了那個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。）可推知，海龜因?yàn)樽髡叩腻e(cuò)誤操作而受傷了。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Turtlesknowwheretheywanttogo.So,justkeepthemgoinginthedirectiontheywanttogoandyoumayhavesavedaturtle’slife.”（海龜知道它們想去哪里。所以，只要讓它們朝著它們想去的方向走，你就可能救了一只海龜?shù)拿?。）可知，Sue博士最后建議不要干涉海龜，故選A。23．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Dr.Suetoldmethattheorganizationdealtwithanumberofaspectsofturtleconservation”（Sue博士告訴我，該組織處理海龜保護(hù)的許多方面）和最后一段的“Onceaninjuredturtlearrivesatthecenter,therearemedicalfacilities(設(shè)備)readytogo,includinganX-raymachine.”（一旦受傷的海龜?shù)竭_(dá)該中心，就會(huì)有包括X光機(jī)在內(nèi)的醫(yī)療設(shè)施準(zhǔn)備就緒。）可知，一旦受傷的海龜?shù)竭_(dá)海龜保護(hù)中心，這里已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了醫(yī)療設(shè)施，醫(yī)務(wù)人員就可以幫助他們的病人療傷。由此可推知，此處的畫(huà)線詞patient指的是受傷的海龜。故選D。Text47（2023秋·福建三明·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Duringourresearchforthissequence,wehadbeentoldweshouldn’tevenbothertryingtofilmthePallas’scatinwinter.Filmingsuchananimalwassaidtobenearimpossible.Wewouldn’tbeabletofindsuchasmallanimalinthevaststeppesofMongolia.Besidesthis,they’reknowntobeeasilyfrightenedandextremelycautious.ButwewantedtosurpriseaudiencesbyshowingthemfrozenworldsthatlayoutsideofthePoles.ArrivinginMongolia,Iwasstruckbyitsvastness.It’sunbelievablethatourfirstdaypresenteduswithagoodviewofourhard-to-findtarget.Ourguideledustothetopofahill.Morethanakilometreawayinanunimpressivepileofrocks,Icouldseeatinyspot,aPallas’scat!Weweresoexcited!Wehadbeenblessedwithextremelylowdaytimetemperature.Pallas’scatshavethedensestcoatofanycat,butevensotheymustsavetheirenergyasmuchaspossible.Theirmovementsatthesetemperatureswereespeciallyseldom.Whileconditionsdidnotlookpromising,westillneededtoseeifwecouldactuallyfilmthem.Thecatswouldonlyappearifthesunwasout.Butthesteppecouldbehitatanytimebyfastandbitterwindswhichwouldmakeanyanimalthathaddecidedtoappearcometoanend.Thedecisionastowhethertoholdoutfortheweathertopassortohavearestwasalwaysapainfulonetomake.Butastheweekswentonandwespentmoretimewiththecats,itwasastonishingtoseejusthowitwasthattheywereabletosurviveinsuchadifficultandunpleasantenvironment.Thelongerwespentwiththem,themorewefoundourselvesfallinginlovewiththeseattractivelittlecharactersandtheirwinterlives.24．Whydopeoplethinkit’sunlikelytofilmthecats?A．Theactionisillegal. B．Thesteppesarenotlarge.C．Thecatsareextremelycareful. D．Thecatnumberissmall.25．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenthesteppescameintosight?A．Amazed. B．Excited. C．Anxious. D．Upset.26．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3and4?A．Wesufferedlowtemperatures. B．ThePallas’scatslovethesun.C．Thedecisionsarehardtomake. D．Thefilmingconditionischallenging.27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Palla’sCats-AnUnusualAnimal B．ExperienceofFilmingthePalla’sCatsC．SurvivalSkillsonMongoliaSteppes D．ExtremeWeatheroutsidethePoles【答案】24．C

25．A

26．D

27．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者他們?nèi)ヅ臄z兔猻的經(jīng)歷。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Besidesthis,they’reknowntobeeasilyfrightenedandextremelycautious.(除此之外，它們很容易受到驚嚇，而且非常謹(jǐn)慎)”可知，人們認(rèn)為拍貓是不可能的，是因?yàn)樨埛浅Ｐ⌒摹９蔬xC。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ArrivinginMongolia,Iwasstruckbyitsvastness.(到達(dá)蒙古后，我被它的廣袤所震撼)”可知，當(dāng)草原出現(xiàn)在眼前時(shí)，作者感覺(jué)驚奇。故選A。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theirmovementsatthesetemperatureswereespeciallyseldom.Whileconditionsdidnotlookpromising,westillneededtoseeifwecouldactuallyfilmthem.(在這種溫度下他們的活動(dòng)極少。雖然條件看起來(lái)并不樂(lè)觀，但我們?nèi)匀恍枰纯词欠衲芘臄z到它們)”以及第四段中“Butthesteppecouldbehitatanytimebyfastandbitterwindswhichwouldmakeanyanimalthathaddecidedtoappearcometoanend.(但是，這片草原隨時(shí)都可能遭到強(qiáng)風(fēng)的襲擊，任何決定出現(xiàn)在草原上的動(dòng)物都會(huì)被吹走)”可推知，拍攝條件很有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。27．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringourresearchforthissequence.wehadbeentoldweshouldn’tevenbothertryingtofilmthePallas’scatinwinter.Filmingsuchananimalwassaidtobenearimpossible.Wewouldn’tbeabletofindsuchasmallanimalinthevaststeppesofMongolia.Besidesthis,they’reknowntobeeasilyfrightenedandextremelycautious.ButwewantedtosurpriseaudiencesbyshowingthemfrozenworldsthatlayoutsideofthePoles.(在我們研究這個(gè)序列的過(guò)程中。我們被告知我們甚至不應(yīng)該在冬天費(fèi)心去拍攝兔猻。據(jù)說(shuō)拍攝這樣的動(dòng)物幾乎是不可能的。在蒙古的大草原上，我們不可能找到這么小的動(dòng)物。除此之外，它們很容易受到驚嚇，而且非常謹(jǐn)慎。但我們想給觀眾一個(gè)驚喜，讓他們看到極地之外的冰凍世界)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者他們?nèi)ヅ臄z帕拉斯的貓的經(jīng)歷?？芍珺選項(xiàng)“拍攝帕拉的貓的經(jīng)歷”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。Text48（2023秋·山東淄博·高一校考期末）Whalesareimportantanimalsinthesea.Theorganizationsoftheworldarecallingallnationsnottokilloreatwhalesanymore.ButJapan’snewwhaling(捕鯨)planisagreatdangertothelivingoftheselargeanimals.Itwillalsodoharmtotheseainterests(利益)ofothersurroundingcountriesincludingChina,expertssaid.AftertheJapanesegovernmentmadeitsdecisionclearonNov.8,2016tocatch100morewhalesin2017,manyanimalexpertsintheworldvoicedtheirangryanswers.AccordingtoaJapanNewsreport,Japancaught174minkewhalesand140seiwhalestotallyinthenorthwestPacificOceanin2017.“Afteryearsofoverfishing(過(guò)度捕撈),thepopulationofminkewhalesinthenorthwestPacificOceanhasbeenreducedtoadangerouslevel.Therefore,Japanshouldstopwhalinginthe