專題-06-蟑螂救援隊(duì)-2023年高考英語外刊時(shí)文精讀精練

2023年高考英語外刊時(shí)文精讀精練(6)Roachestotherescue蟑螂救援隊(duì)主題語境：人與社會(huì)主題語境內(nèi)容：科學(xué)與技術(shù)【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，認(rèn)識(shí)即可；下劃線單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）Whygotoallthetroubleof

designing

andbuildinga

drone（無人機(jī)）

ifnaturehasalreadydonemostofthejobforyou?Thatistheattitudetakenbythesmallbut

determined

bandofresearcherswhoaretryingtorobotise（機(jī)械化）

insects.Someareworkingonturning

insectslike

beetles（甲蟲）

intosuchcyborgs（半人半機(jī)器的生物）—perhaps

forusein

military

inspection

or

spying.Otherspreferto

concentrate

onthe

fearfulsideof

entomology（昆蟲學(xué)）,bytakingelectroniccontrolofcockroaches（蟑螂）.

Thefirstcyber-roach（賽博蟑螂）goesbackto

1997,whenShimoyamaIsaoofTokyoUniversitysentelectricalsignalstoa

cockroach's

antennae（觸角）,causingittoturneitherleftorrightdependingonwhich

antenna

was

stimulated.Othershavebuiltonthisapproachbyrecruitingextrasenseorgans,suchasthe

rear-facing

cerci（后向尾須）.Theyhavealsobegunfittingthe

insects

with

instrument

packs

thatmightletthemdoausefuljob:searchingcollapsedbuildingsforsurvivors.

OnesuchisSatoHirotakaofNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,inSingapore.Hehasbeenworkingoncyber-insectsfor

15

years.Now,hehasaddedanother

twist

tocyber-roaches.Insteadofhavingtheir

movements

dictated

byremotecontrol,hisare

autonomous

agents.Theyarerunby

algorithms（算法）

thatresponddirectlyto

sensors

intheirbackpacks.

The

insects

thusfittedoutbyDrSatoareMadagascarhissing（發(fā)聲）cockroaches,whichareabout

6cmlong.Thebackpackscontaina

communications

chip,acarbon-dioxidesensor,a

motion

sensor,an

infrared（紅外線）

cameraandatiny

battery.

Released

intothe

rubble（碎石）,to

crawl

theirwaythroughwhilesearchingforsignsoflifesuchasmovement,bodyheatandhigher

CO2

levelsfrombreathing.The

artificial

intelligence

thatdecideswhetherasetofsignalsactually

indicate

the

presence

ofahumanbeingisprogrammeddirectlyintothecamera.Ifitthinksithas

spotted

someone,it

alerts

a

rescuer.

Totestthis

arrangement,DrSatoandhisteamran

trials

ina

simulated

disaster

zone.Theylaidout

concrete

blocks

ofvariousshapesandsizesinanareaof

25

square

metres.Amongthesewereanumberofpeople,andalsosome

decoys(誘餌),suchasaheat

lamp,a

microwave

oven

anda

laptop.Theythen

released

thecyber-roaches,havingfirstprogrammedintothemthesearch'sstartandendpoints.Thesoftware

proved

abletorecognise

humans

correctly

87%ofthetime,asuccessrateDrSatothinkscouldbe

improved

stillfurtherbycollectingmultipleimagesfromdifferent

angles.

Thenext

phase

oftheprojectisto

refine

thesystemforuseoutofdoors.Thatdone,

manufacture

ofthebackpacksand

automation

oftheir

attachment

(附加裝置)tothe

insects

willneedtobecommercialised（商業(yè)化）.Ifallgoeswell,DrSatopredictstheresultcouldbeavailableforuse

withinfiveyears.【課標(biāo)詞匯】design設(shè)計(jì)；制（圖）；意圖，打算Whodesignedthisbuilding/dress/furniture?是誰設(shè)計(jì)這座建筑物／這款裙子／這套家俱？ThisdictionaryisdesignedforadvancedlearnersofEnglish.本詞典是為高級(jí)英語學(xué)習(xí)者編寫的。Thesemeasuresaredesignedtoreducepollution.采取這些措施旨在減低污染。determined下定決心的，堅(jiān)決的，決意的I'mdeterminedtogetthispieceofworkfinishedtoday.我決心今天完成這項(xiàng)工作。Hewasdeterminedthatthesamemistakeswouldnotberepeated.他決心不重蹈覆轍。military軍事的；軍用的?militarytargets/forces軍事目標(biāo)／力量?militaryuniform軍裝Wemayhavetotakemilitaryaction.我們可能不得不采取軍事行動(dòng)。spy從事間諜活動(dòng);秘密收集情報(bào):HewaschargedwithspyingonBritishmilitarybases.他被指控刺探英國(guó)軍事基地情報(bào)。EastandWestarestillspyingononeanother...東西方仍在互相進(jìn)行間諜活動(dòng)。concentrate

on集中（注意力）；聚精會(huì)神Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我決定全力以赴找個(gè)住的地方。

Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我決定全力以赴找個(gè)住的地方。electronic電子的；電子器件的:anelectroniccalculator

電子計(jì)算器electronicmusic電子音樂Thisdictionaryisavailableinelectronicform.本詞典有電子版本。dependon由…決定，取決于Hewasthesortofpersonyoucoulddependon.他這個(gè)人你是可以信賴的。Idon'twanttodependtoomuchonmyparents.我不想過度依靠父母。stimulate激發(fā)，激勵(lì)；促進(jìn)Herinterestinartwasstimulatedbyherfather.

她對(duì)藝術(shù)的興趣是她父親激發(fā)的。Aninspiringteachercanstimulatestudentstosucceed.一位具啟發(fā)能力的教師能夠激勵(lì)學(xué)生取得成功。recruit招聘，吸收；招收（新成員）Evenyoungboysarenowbeingrecruitedintothearmy.就連很小的男孩子都被征召入伍了。We'rehavingdifficultyrecruitingenoughqualifiedstaff.我們難以招聘到足夠的合格職員。fit安置；安裝She'sbeenfittedwithanartificialleg.她裝了一條義肢。Theroomswereallfittedwithsmokealarms.所有的房間都安裝了煙霧報(bào)警器。collapse（由于壓力、無力或缺乏支持而）倒塌，坍塌，崩潰，垮掉Thousandsofbuildingscollapsedintheearthquake.數(shù)以千計(jì)的建筑物在地震中倒塌了。Thechaircollapsedunderherweight.椅子承受不了她的重量散架了。twist轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)；纏繞，盤繞;曲解，歪曲Thepathtwistsandturnsforoveramile.這條小路彎彎曲曲，長(zhǎng)達(dá)一英里多。Shesattherenervouslytwistingtheringaroundonherfinger.她緊張地坐在那里，不停轉(zhuǎn)著手指上的戒指。Shetwistedherhead(round)soshecouldseewhatwashappening.她扭過頭來，想看看發(fā)生了甚么事。You'retwistingmywords-that'snotwhatIsaidatall.你在扭曲我的話——我根本不是那樣說的。dictate命令，下（令）；決定，規(guī)定Iwantedtotakeayearoff,butmyfinancialsituationdictatedthatIgotajob.我想休息一年，但我的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況迫使我必須工作。Thetennisclubrulesdictatethatsuitablefootwearmustbewornonthecourts.網(wǎng)球俱樂部的規(guī)則規(guī)定上場(chǎng)必須穿適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。autonomous(地方或機(jī)構(gòu)〕自治的;有自主能力的，自主的;GaliciaisanautonomousregionofSpain.加利西亞是西班牙的一個(gè)自治區(qū)。Hetreatedusasautonomousindividualswhohadtolearntomakeupourownmindsaboutimportantissues.他把我們當(dāng)作獨(dú)立自主的個(gè)體來看待，認(rèn)為我們必須學(xué)會(huì)在重大問題面前自己拿主意。communication交流；溝通；交際；傳達(dá)；傳播；通訊Televisionisanincreasinglyimportantmeansofcommunication.電視是一種日益重要的傳播工具。There'sverylittlecommunicationbetweenmotheranddaughter(=theydonothaveagoodrelationship).母親和女兒之間溝通很少。motion動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；移動(dòng)Donotalightwhilethetrainisstillinmotion(=moving).列車未停穩(wěn)時(shí)不要下車。TherockingmotionoftheboatmadeSylviafeelsick.小船晃來晃去，使西爾維婭感到惡心。release釋放，放走；放開，松開Theoperationreleasedhimfromyearsofpain.手術(shù)使他擺脫了多年的病痛。Thebearsareeventuallyreleasedintothewild.這些熊最后被放回野生環(huán)境。crawl緩慢移動(dòng)；艱難前行；爬行；匍匐前進(jìn)Thechildcrawledacrossthefloor.那個(gè)孩子爬過了地板。Thelorrycrawlednoisilyupthehill.貨車轟轟隆隆吃力地爬上山坡。searchfor查找，搜尋AnRAFplanesearchedforthemissingmen.一架皇家空軍的飛機(jī)搜尋了那些失蹤者。Scientistsarestillsearchingforacure.科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽趯ふ覍?duì)策。artificial

intelligence人工智能indicate表明，顯示:Thestudyindicatesaconnectionbetweenpovertyandcrime.研究顯示貧窮和犯罪有關(guān)聯(lián)。Asurveyofretiredpeoplehasindicatedthatmostareindependentandenjoyinglife...對(duì)退休人員的調(diào)查表明，大部分人都自食其力,享受生活。presence出席，在場(chǎng)；（事物的）存在，出現(xiàn)He'susuallyquitepoliteinmypresence.在我面前他通常很有禮貌。

Iaskedyounottosmokeinmypresence.我叫你不要在我面前抽煙的。spot看見，看出；注意到Thepolicespottedhimdrivingastolencar.員警發(fā)現(xiàn)他開著一輛偷來的車。Isoonspottedwhatwaswrongwiththeprinter.我很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)了印表機(jī)的毛病出在哪里。ThepolicewomanspottedthatIhadn'tgotmyseatbeltonandsignalledmetostop.女警發(fā)現(xiàn)我沒有系安全帶，便示意我停車。alert機(jī)警的，機(jī)敏的，敏捷的I'mnotfeelingveryalerttoday-notenoughsleeplastnight!今天我感覺特別遲鈍——昨晚沒睡好！Parentsshouldbealerttosuddenchangesinchildren'sbehaviour.父母應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子行為的突然變化有所警覺。arrangement安排；籌劃；準(zhǔn)備（工作）They'dmadeallthearrangementsfortheparty.他們?yōu)榫蹠?huì)作好了一切準(zhǔn)備。I'veagreedtohelpwitharrangementsfortheparty.我答應(yīng)幫著準(zhǔn)備聚會(huì)。trial試驗(yàn)；試用They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial(period).他們錄用了她，試用期為六個(gè)月。Therobotshavebeenontrialforthepastyear...這些機(jī)器人過去一年都在試用當(dāng)中。simulate類比，模仿；假裝，偽裝Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.廉價(jià)家俱經(jīng)常用塑膠冒充木材。Somedrivingteachersusecomputerstosimulate(=represent)differentroadconditionsforlearnerstopractiseon.有些駕駛教練用電腦類比不同的路況供學(xué)員練習(xí)。prove證明是，結(jié)果是Theoperationprovedacompletesuccess.這場(chǎng)手術(shù)結(jié)果是大成功。Thenewtreatmenthasprovedtobeadisaster.這種新療法的結(jié)果是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。recognize認(rèn)出;認(rèn)識(shí);辨認(rèn)出;正式承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可Ididn'trecognizeyouinyouruniform.

你穿上制服我認(rèn)不出你了。Hedidnotthinkshecouldrecognizehiscarinthesnow...他覺得她在雪天里認(rèn)不出他的車子。Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.人們意識(shí)到這只是個(gè)臨時(shí)的解決方案。improve改進(jìn)；改善Hedidalottoimproveconditionsforfactoryworkers.他為改善工廠工人的工作條件做了許多工作。Herhealthhasimproveddramaticallysinceshestartedonthisnewdiet.自從開始這種新的飲食，她的健康狀況大為改善。phase（發(fā)展或變化的）階段，時(shí)期duringthefirst/next/lastphase在第一/下一/最后階段theinitial/finalphaseoftheproject工程的初始/最后階段acritical/decisivephase關(guān)鍵性/決定性階段We'reenteringanewphaseininternationalrelations.我們現(xiàn)正進(jìn)入國(guó)際關(guān)系的新階段。refine改進(jìn)；完善；使精煉Carmakersareconstantlyrefiningtheirdesigns.汽車制造商在不斷完善他們的設(shè)計(jì)。Surgicaltechniquesareconstantlybeingrefined.外科手術(shù)的技術(shù)不斷得到完善。manufacture（通常指工廠利用機(jī)械大量）制造，（大批）生產(chǎn)Heworksforacompanythatmanufacturescarparts.他在一家生產(chǎn)汽車零件的公司工作?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】根據(jù)語境，從上面的“課標(biāo)詞匯”和“重點(diǎn)短語”中選用合適的單詞及其正確形式將句子補(bǔ)充完整。IneveragreedtoagainsttheUnitedStates.Youshouldyoureffortsonpassingtheseexams.Thecommunityontheshippingindustryforitssurvival.Goodteachersshouldaskquestionsthatstudentstothink.Withanhour'swalktothenearesttelephone,isdifficult.Theyshowedthegoalagaininslow.Policearrestedseveralmen,whowerelater.CharitiessuchasOxfamarealwaystryingvolunteerstohelpintheirwork.Thisrangeofclothingisspeciallyforshorterwomen.She'ssuretogetthejobshewants-she'saveryperson.Hedisagreeswiththegovernmentwhatchildrenaretaughtinschools.Theyproudlydeclaredthemselvespartofanewprovince.Theinjuredsoldiertosafety.Engineersspentmanymonthsthesoftware.Theyasmokealarmtotheceiling.Hethoughthiswholeworldwhenhiswifedied.Thisreportshowshowshethetruthtoclaimsuccesseswherenone,infact,existed.Theyforaspotwheretheycouldsitonthefloor.Researchthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalary.

Thegovernmenthasthreatenedtotakeactioniftherebelsdonotwithdrawfromthearea.BritishmedicalqualificationsinCanada.IthoughtthebestwaytomyFrenchwastoliveinFrance.weremadetomovetheprisonerstoanotherjail.They'redoingclinicalonanewdrug.RuthpleasureatseeingSimon,butreallyshewishedhehadn'tcome.Hewasdeterminednottocomplainintheofthenurse.Ifyouanymistakesinthearticlejustmarkthemwithapencil.Acoupleofreaderswroteintothepaperpointingoutthemistake.Thedisputeoverthesongrightsimpossibletoresolve.Keys:spy我從來沒有答應(yīng)去當(dāng)間諜刺探美國(guó)的情報(bào)。concentrate你應(yīng)該集中精力通過這些考試。depends這個(gè)社區(qū)靠航運(yùn)業(yè)維持生活。stimulate好的老師應(yīng)該問一些能激發(fā)學(xué)生思考的問題。communication到最近的電話亭要走一個(gè)小時(shí)，通訊極為不便。motion他們用慢動(dòng)作又播了一次進(jìn)球畫面。released警察逮捕了幾個(gè)人，后來都釋放了。torecruit諸如牛津饑荒救濟(jì)委員會(huì)這樣的慈善組織總是在盡力吸收志愿者來幫助他們工作。designed這系列服裝是專為身材較矮的女性設(shè)計(jì)的。determined她肯定會(huì)得到她想要的那份工作——她是個(gè)意志很堅(jiān)定的人。dictating他不同意由政府來決定孩子在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)哪些課程。autonomous他們自豪地宣布成為新自治省的一部分。crawled受傷的士兵慢慢爬向安全的地方。refining工程師們花了數(shù)月來完善這個(gè)軟體。fitted他們把煙霧報(bào)警器安裝在天花板上。hadcollapsed妻子去世后他覺得自己的整個(gè)世界都坍塌了。twisted這份報(bào)告表明她扭曲事實(shí)，她所宣稱的那些成就其實(shí)根本不存在。searched他們?cè)诘匕迳蠈ふ乙惶幠軌蜃碌牡胤?。indicates