專題02-閱讀理解(說明文)2023年高考英語三模試題分項(xiàng)匯編(新高考八省專用)-(解析版)

地理第2頁（共5頁）專題02閱讀理解（說明文）(解析版)目錄2023屆遼寧省沈陽市等3地高三三模試題2023屆湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟高三第三次測(cè)試試題2023屆重慶市高考模擬調(diào)研卷英語試題（三）2023屆湖南省郴州市高三適應(yīng)性考試（三模）試題2023屆福建省漳州市高三第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題2023屆福建省高三下學(xué)期聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)英語試題2023屆廣東省惠州市高三調(diào)試題試題2023年遼寧省部分重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作體高三模擬試題2023屆重慶市高三下學(xué)期5月三診英語試題10.河北省石家莊市2023年高三第二學(xué)期全過程縱向評(píng)價(jià)試題1.【2023屆遼寧省沈陽市等3地高三三模試題】Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogen(氫氣)productiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia(氨)andchemicalproducts,allofwhichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasatransportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it’sintwocountries,SpainandPortugal,”saidThierryLepercq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustryplatformbringingtogether30companies.“Hydrogenisthenewoil.”LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.Globally,Lepercqsaid,“Electricity,power,is20%ofenergyconsumption.Whataboutthe80%thatisnotelectrified?...Youneedtoreplacethosefossilfuels.Notin50years’time.Youneedtoreplacethemnow.”12．WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind. B．Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.C．Itcausesconflictsamongcountries. D．Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.13．WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Idealgeographicalconditions. B．Thesupportfromgovernment.C．Hydrogenproductiontechnology. D．Well-developedpublictransports.14．WhatcanbeinferredaboutgreenhydrogeninSpainaccordingtoLepercq?A．Itishighlypriced. B．Itiseasytostore.C．Itiscompetitive. D．Itishighly-polluting.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SpainManagestoUseZero-carbonElectricityB．SpainStrugglestoLeadEUinGreenHydrogenC．SpainTakestheLeadinPreventingAirPollutionD．SpainReplacesFossilFuelwithGreenHydrogen【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了憑借充足的陽光和風(fēng)，西班牙將成為歐洲綠色氫生產(chǎn)的未來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.(但一些能源專家表示謹(jǐn)慎，因?yàn)檫@一過程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源專家表示謹(jǐn)慎是因?yàn)檫@一過程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風(fēng)，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過2500小時(shí)，為風(fēng)能和太陽能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產(chǎn)提供了理想的條件)”可知，西班牙綠色氫生產(chǎn)的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)就是其優(yōu)越的地理?xiàng)l件。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.(Lepercq正在與西班牙天然氣管道公司Enagas和全球鋼鐵巨頭ArcelorMittal公司合作，設(shè)計(jì)一種端到端的氫氣生產(chǎn)、分銷和供應(yīng)模式，價(jià)格具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。批評(píng)的焦點(diǎn)是，與從天然氣中提取的高污染“灰氫”相比，綠色氫的成本更高。Lepercq認(rèn)為，西班牙生產(chǎn)的太陽能價(jià)格足夠低，具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力)”可推知，Lepercq認(rèn)為西班牙的綠氫生產(chǎn)極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogen(氫氣)productiontocleanupheavyindustries.(憑借充足的陽光和風(fēng)，西班牙將自己定位為清潔重工業(yè)的綠色氫生產(chǎn)的歐洲的未來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)”以及第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風(fēng)，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過2500小時(shí)，為風(fēng)能和太陽能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產(chǎn)提供了理想的條件)”可知，本文主要介紹的是西班牙憑借充足的陽光和風(fēng)打算用綠色氫來取代化石燃料。由此可知，“SpainReplacesFossilFuelwithGreenHydrogen(西班牙用綠色氫取代化石燃料)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。2.【2023屆湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟高三第三次測(cè)試試題】Inthe1990sand2000s,CostaRicaandPanamaexperiencedariseinmalaria(瘧疾)cases.Themassivelossofamphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物)intheregionfromafungal(真菌的)diseasemayhavecontributedtothemalariaincrease.Thespreadofthefungaldiseasewasaslow-motiondisaster,leadingtoadecades-longwaveofamphibiandeclinesglobally.Fromthe1980stothe2000s,thewavemovedfromnorthwesttosoutheastacrossCostaRicaandPanama.Ananalysisofecologicalsurveys,publichealthrecordsandsatellitedatasuggestsalinkbetweentheamphibiandie-offsandanincreaseinhumanmalariacases.Onaverage,eachcountyhad0.8to1.1additionalcasesofmalariaper1,000peopleperyearforaboutsixyears,beginningseveralyearsaftertheamphibianlosses,MichaelSpringborn,anenvironmentaleconomistoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,andcolleaguesfound.Springbornandcolleagueswonderediftheimpactsthatthefungaldiseasehasonthedeclineofatleast500speciesgloballystretchedtohumans.TheteamturnedtoCostaRicaandPanama,wherethefungusmovedthroughecosystemsinasomewhatuniformwayalongthenarrowareaoflandonwhichthetwocountriessit,Springbornsays.Theresearchersworkedoutwhenthefungusarrivedatagivenplaceandthenlookedatthenumberofmalariacasesinthoseplacesbeforeandafterthedie-offs.Malariacasesroseinthefirstcoupleofyearsafterthedeclineandremainedhighforsixyearsorsobeforegoingdownagainforunknownreasons.Studiesontheconnectionsbetweenbiodiversitylossandhealthmight“helpmotivateconservationbyhighlightingthedirectbenefitsofconservationtohumanwell-being,”saysHillaryYoung,acommunityecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.“Humansarecausingwildlifetobelostataratesimilartothatofothermajormassextinctionevents,”shesays.“Weareincreasinglyawarethattheselossescanhavemajorimpactsonhumanhealthandwell-being-and,inparticular,onriskofinfectiousdisease.”28．Whatdirectlybroughtabouttheriseinmalariacases?A．Theextinctionoffungus. B．Thedeathofamphibians.C．Thespreadofafungaldisease. D．Thelackofwildlifeconservation.29．WhatcanweinferfromSpringbornandcolleagues,findings?A．Thenumberofamphibiansdroppeddramatically.B．Thefungushaslittleimpactonhumanwell-being.C．Thecounty’spopulationmultipliedaftertheamphibiandecline.D．Malariacasesshowrelevantchangeswhenamphibiansbecamefewer.30．Howdidthescientistscarryouttheresearch?A．Bystudyingthefeaturesofthefungus.B．Bycomparingthenumberofmalariacases.C．Byfindingoutthetrackoffungus’movement.D．Byworkingoutthereasonfortheamphibiandie-offs.31．WhichstatementisHillaryYoungmostlikelytoapproveof?A．Humansshouldkeepwildlifeatadistance.B．Humanscausethemajormassextinctionevents.C．Humanwell-beingiscloselyconnectedwithwildlife.D．Humanhealthhasnorelationshipwithconservation.【答案】28．B29．D30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是兩棲動(dòng)物的死亡是導(dǎo)致瘧疾增長(zhǎng)的重要原因。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Themassivelossofamphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物)intheregionfromafungal(真菌的)diseasemayhavecontributedtothemalariaincrease.(該地區(qū)兩棲動(dòng)物因真菌疾病而大量死亡，可能是導(dǎo)致瘧疾病例增加的原因之一。)”可以看出是由于兩棲動(dòng)物的大量死亡導(dǎo)致瘧疾的增長(zhǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。通過第三段“Onaverage,eachcountyhad0.8to1.1additionalcasesofmalariaper1,000peopleperyearforaboutsixyears,beginningseveralyearsaftertheamphibianlosses,MichaelSpringborn,anenvironmentaleconomistoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,andcolleaguesfound.(加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校(UniversityofCalifornia,Davis)的環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家邁克爾·斯普林伯恩(MichaelSpringborn)及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩棲動(dòng)物消失幾年后，平均而言，每個(gè)縣每1000人每年增加0.8到1.1例瘧疾病例，持續(xù)了大約6年。)”可推測(cè)出當(dāng)兩棲動(dòng)物變少時(shí)，瘧疾病例顯示出相關(guān)的變化。故選D項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Theresearchersworkedoutwhenthefungusarrivedatagivenplaceandthenlookedatthenumberofmalariacasesinthoseplacesbeforeandafterthedie-offs.(研究人員計(jì)算出了這種真菌何時(shí)到達(dá)一個(gè)特定的地方，然后觀察了這些地方在真菌死亡前后的瘧疾病例數(shù)量。)”可以推斷出，科學(xué)家是通過對(duì)比前后瘧疾病例的數(shù)量來判斷的。故選B項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。由最后一段“Studiesontheconnectionsbetweenbiodiversitylossandhealthmight“helpmotivateconservationbyhighlightingthedirectbenefitsofconservationtohumanwell-being,”saysHillaryYoung,acommunityecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.“Humansarecausingwildlifetobelostataratesimilartothatofothermajormassextinctionevents,”shesays.“Weareincreasinglyawarethattheselossescanhavemajorimpactsonhumanhealthandwell-being-and,inparticular,onriskofinfectiousdisease.”(加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校的社區(qū)生態(tài)學(xué)家希拉里·楊(HillaryYoung)說，對(duì)生物多樣性喪失與健康之間聯(lián)系的研究可能“通過強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)對(duì)人類福祉的直接好處，有助于促進(jìn)保護(hù)”。她說:“人類造成野生動(dòng)物滅絕的速度與其他重大物種滅絕事件相似?！薄拔覀?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到，這些損失可能對(duì)人類健康和福祉產(chǎn)生重大影響，特別是對(duì)傳染病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?”可以得出人的生命健康與野生生物是息息相關(guān)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?023屆重慶市高考模擬調(diào)研卷英語試題（三）】DhruvJain,whopresentedthisnewsystem,sharesthatthemainmotivationforthecreationofthisappcamefromhisownexperienceandconversationsthathiscolleaguesandhehadhadwithdeafandhard-ofhearingpeopleoverseveralyears.HepresentedthephoneandsmartwatchapplicationcalledSoundWatch.Jain,whohastroublehearing,usesSoundWatchathometoavoidseepingthroughasmokealarm.Healsosaysthatonanaturewalk,itwilltellhimthatbirdsaresingingandthatthereisawaterfallnearby.Thesoundsmakehimfeelmorepresentandconnectedtotheworld.Suchsoundawarenessapplicationsforsmartphonesalreadyexist.However,Jainpreferstheimmediacyofsoundnotifications(告知)onhiswrist,ratherthaninhispocket.Surveysofdeafpeopleorthosewhoarehardofhearingshowthatheisnotalone.TheSoundWatchapplicationpairsanAndroidphoneorsmartwatch.Thewatchrecordsambient(環(huán)境的)noises.Itthensendsthedatatothesmartphoneforprocessing.Whenthephonedetectsasoundofinterest,thesmartwatchvibratesandanotificationisdisplayedonitsface.Jain,whoisacomputerscientistattheWashingtonUniversityinSeattle,andcolleaguesdesignedtheapplicationtoidentifyuptotwentynoises.Duringtheexperiments,theSoundWatchapplicationcorrectlyidentifiedthosetwentysounds81.2%ofthetime.Whenit’ssettolistenonlyfordoorknocks,firealarms,alarmclocks,orotherurgentnoises,theappshows97.6%accuracy.Eighthard-ofhearinganddeafpeoplewhousedtheapplicationaroundauniversitycampusgavetheappbroadlyfavorablereviews.However,itshouldbenotedthattheappmisclassifiedsomeofthenoisyoutdoorsettingsandsounds.JainandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingonanewerversionofSoundWatchthatuserscantraintorecognizenewsounds,suchastheirhousealarm,usingjustafewrecordings.12．Comparedwiththealready-existingsoundawarenessappforsmartphones,whatistheadvantage?A．Quicktorecognize. B．Convenienttocarry.C．Easytoapply. D．Cheaptomake.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vibrate”mostprobablymeaninPara.4?A．Makeasound. B．Shakequickly.C．Giveaverbalwarning. D．Moveforward.14．WhatistheSoundWatchlikerightnow?A．Itisquiteperfect. B．Itcanidentifyanynoise.C．Itiswidelyused. D．Itneedsimprovement.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SoundWatchApplication:TheFistApporPeoplewithHearingLossB．SoundAwarenessApplication:TheBestAppforPeopleWhoCannotHearC．ASoundAwarenessAppIdentifiesDifferentKindsofNoisesfortheOldD．ASmartWatchAPPCanWarnPeoplewithHearingLossofNearbySounds【答案】12．B13．B14．D15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了SoundWatch程序，可以提醒有聽力障礙的人周圍的聲音。介紹了其工作方式以及應(yīng)用情況。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Suchsoundawarenessapplicationsforsmartphonesalreadyexist.However,Jainpreferstheimmediacyofsoundnotifications(告知)onhiswrist,ratherthaninhispocket.Surveysofdeafpeopleorthosewhoarehardofhearingshowthatheisnotalone.(這種用于智能手機(jī)的聲音感知應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)存在。然而，Jain更喜歡在手腕上的即時(shí)聲音通知，而不是在口袋里。對(duì)聾啞人或重聽者的調(diào)查表明，不是只有他一個(gè)人這樣)”可知，與已經(jīng)存在的智能手機(jī)聲音感知應(yīng)用程序相比，它的優(yōu)勢(shì)是攜帶方便。故選B。13．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Whenthephonedetectsasoundofinterest,thesmartwatch”以及后文“andanotificationisdisplayedonitsface”可知，當(dāng)手機(jī)檢測(cè)到有趣的聲音時(shí)，智能手表就會(huì)震動(dòng)，并在它的表盤上顯示一條通知。故畫線詞意思是“震動(dòng)”。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“However,itshouldbenotedthattheappmisclassifiedsomeofthenoisyoutdoorsettingsandsounds.(然而，應(yīng)該注意的是，該應(yīng)用程序錯(cuò)誤地分類了一些嘈雜的室外環(huán)境和聲音)”可知，SoundWatch仍需要改進(jìn)。故選D。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“TheSoundWatchapplicationpairsanAndroidphoneorsmartwatch.Thewatchrecordsambient(環(huán)境的)noises.Itthensendsthedatatothesmartphoneforprocessing.Whenthephonedetectsasoundofinterest,thesmartwatchvibratesandanotificationisdisplayedonitsface.(SoundWatch應(yīng)用程序可以與安卓手機(jī)或智能手表配對(duì)。手表會(huì)記錄周圍的噪音。然后將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)進(jìn)行處理。當(dāng)手機(jī)檢測(cè)到有趣的聲音時(shí)，智能手表就會(huì)震動(dòng)，并在它的表盤上顯示一條通知)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了SoundWatch程序，可以提醒有聽力障礙的人周圍的聲音。介紹了其工作方式以及應(yīng)用情況?？芍珼選項(xiàng)“一款智能手表應(yīng)用程序可以提醒聽力受損的人聽到附近的聲音”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。4.【2023屆湖南省郴州市高三適應(yīng)性考試（三模）試題】Duringthelastfewyearswehavelivedthroughaseriesofworryingglobalevents,fromtheCOVIDpandemictodevastatingwildfires.Insteadoffeelinginformedafterwatchingthenews,manypeoplefeelanxious,upsetandsick.AnewstudypublishedinJournalofHealthCommunicationinvestigatedintothisproblem.Accordingtothestudy,stress,anxiety,andpoorhealthfollowpeoplewhohaveaconstanturgetocheckthenews.Fortheseindividuals,avicious(惡性的)cyclecandevelopinwhich,ratherthantuningout,theybecomedrawnfurtherin,checkingforupdatesaroundtheclocktorelievetheiremotionalstress.Butitdoesn’thelp,andthemoretheycheckthenews,themoreitbeginstointerfere(干擾)withotheraspectsoftheirlives.Ofthe1,100peoplesurveyedforthestudy,16.5percentbecamesoabsorbedinthenewsthatitdominatedtheirthoughts,limitedthetimetheyspentwithfamilyandfriendsandmadeitdifficulttofocusonschoolorwork,Thosearetheverythings-purposefulengagementandsocialconnection-thathelpuscopewithstressandmentalhealthchallenges.AccordingtoBryanMeLaughlin,oneoftheauthors,thefindingsshowthatpeopleshoulddevelopahealthierrelationshipwiththenews.“Forexample,previousresearchhasshownthatindividualswhobecameconcernedaboutthebadeffectsthattheirconstantattentiontoCOVID-19washavingontheirmentalhealthreportedmakingtheconsciousdecisiontotuneout.Thiscomesattheexpenseofanindividual’saccesstoimportantinformationfortheirhealthandsafety.Thisiswhyahealthyrelationshipwithnewsconsumptionisanidealsituation,”hesaid.Inaddition,thestudyalsocallsouttheneedforawiderdiscussionabouthowthenewsindustrymaybefuelingtheproblem.Journalistsoftenfocusonselecting“newsworthy”storiesthatwouldgrabnewsconsumers’attentionbecauseoftheeconomicpressures.“However,forcertaintypesofpeople,newsstoriesnotonlygrabtheirattentionanddrawthemin,butalsocanbeharmfultoindividuals’health,”McLaughlinsaid.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thisproblem”inParagraph1referto?A．Thatnewsaddictionmaybringnegativeeffects.B．ThatCOVID-19affectspeople’smentalhealth.C．Thatpeopleareexposedtotoomuchinformation.D．Thatjournalistsfocusonterrifyingstoriestoimpressreaders.9．Whomaybeeasiertobeaffectedbythenews?A．Peoplewithdifficultyinsocializing.B．Peoplewithaburningthirstfornews.C．Peoplewhohavetroublefocusingonschoolorwork.D．PeoplewholovetosharetheirfeelingsontheInternet.10．WhatmightBryanMcLaughlinagreewith?A．Thepressisregardedasaboomingindustry.B．Peopleshouldavoidbeingengagedinthenews.C．Journalistsshouldfocusonnewsworthystories.D．Peopleshouldfindbalancebetweenstayinginformedandmaintaininghealth.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HealthyNewsConsumptionIsCrucialB．NewsAddictionLinkstoPoorWell-beingC．HowNewsIndustryFuelsNewsAddictionD．HighlyInformedReadersSufferFromAnxiety【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于許多人在看完新聞后非但沒有感到知情，反而感到焦慮、不安和惡心的一項(xiàng)研究，告訴人們應(yīng)該與新聞建立更健康的關(guān)系。8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Insteadoffeelinginformedafterwatchingthenews,manypeoplefeelanxious,upsetandsick.(很多人在看完新聞后并沒有得到足夠的信息，而是感到焦慮、不安和惡心)”可知，下文的劃線詞thisproblem指代“新聞成癮可能會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響”這一問題。故選A項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accordingtothestudy,stress,anxiety,andpoorhealthfollowpeoplewhohaveaconstanturgetocheckthenews.(根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，壓力、焦慮和健康狀況不佳都伴隨著不斷想要查看新聞的人。)”可知，對(duì)新聞?dòng)袕?qiáng)烈渴望的人可能更容易受到新聞的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,forcertaintypesofpeople,newsstoriesnotonlygrabtheirattentionanddrawthemin,butalsocanbeharmfultoindividuals’health(然而，對(duì)于某些類型的人來說，新聞報(bào)道不僅抓住了他們的注意力，吸引了他們，而且可能對(duì)個(gè)人的健康有害)”可推知，人們應(yīng)該在了解情況和保持健康之間找到平衡這一觀點(diǎn)可能是布萊恩·麥克勞克林所同意的。故選D項(xiàng)。11．主旨大意題。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于許多人在看完新聞后非但沒有感到知情，反而感到焦慮、不安和惡心的一項(xiàng)研究，告訴人們應(yīng)該與新聞建立更健康的關(guān)系。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“健康的新聞消費(fèi)至關(guān)重要”能概括全文內(nèi)容，適合用作文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。5.【2023屆福建省漳州市高三第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題】Thisisthedigitalage,andtheadvicetomanagersisclear.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatChatGPTisordisliketheideaofworkingwitharobot,enjoyyourretirement.So,asforthepresentyoushouldgetforyourmanagerthisfestiveseason,agoodchoicemaybeanythingmadeofpaper.Undoubtedly,itcanserveasausefulreminderofwherethedigitalworld’slimitationslie.Severalrecentstudieshighlightedtheenduringvalueofthisancienttechnologyinseveraldifferentaspects.AstudybyVickyMorwitzofColumbiaBusinessSchool,YanliuHuangofDrexelUniversityandZhenYangofCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton,findsthatpapercalendarsproducedifferentbehavioursfromdigitalcalendars.Usersofold-fashionedcalendarsmademoredetailedprojectplansthanthoselookingatanApp,andtheyweremorelikelytosticktothoseplans.Simpledimensionsseemtocount.Theabilitytoseelotsofdaysatonceonapapercalendarmatters.HereisanotherstudyfromMaferimaTouré-TilleryoftheKelloggSchoolofManagementatNorthwesternUniversityandLiliWangofZhejiangUniversity.Inonepartoftheirstudy,theresearchersaskedstrangerstotakeasurvey.Halftherespondentsweregivenapenandpapertofilloutaform;theotherhalfwerehandedaniPad.Whenaskedfortheiremailaddresstoreceiveinformation,thosewhousedpaperweremuchlikeliertodecideonapositiveanswer.Theresearchersbelievethatpeoplemakebetterdecisionsonpaperbecauseitfeelsmoreconsequentialthanadigitalscreen.Paper-and-penrespondentsweremorelikelythaniPaduserstothinktheirchoicesindicatedtheircharactersbetter.Researchershadotherfindings.Theyfoundshopperswerewillingtopaymoreforreadingmaterialsinprintedformthanthosetheycouldonlydownloadonline.Eventhesightofsomeonehandlingsomethingcanhelponlinesales.Similarly,peoplebrowsing(瀏覽)inavirtual-reality(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí))shopwasmorewillingtobuyaT-shirtiftheysawtheirownvirtualhandtouchit.8．Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopic?A．Bytellingastory. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byraisingquestions. D．Bydescribingasituation.9．Whycanpapercalendarsmakeuserssticktoplansbetter?A．Theyareabetterreminder.B．Theycanshowmoredetailedplans.C．Theyprovidechancesforpeopletopracticewriting.D．Theyprovideabetterviewofmanydays’plansatatime.10．WhichofthefollowingdidpaperinfluencebasedonParagraph3?A．Decision. B．Sympathy. C．Efficiency. D．Responsibility.11．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Paperposterswillgreatlypromotesalesonline.B．E-magazinesarethoughtlessvaluablethanpaperones.C．Seeingothersbuywillincreaseone’spurchasingdesire.D．Peoplepreferitemsmadeofpaperinsteadofothermaterials.【答案】8．D9．D10．A11．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界數(shù)字化是時(shí)代發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，但紙制品的存在說明它仍有局限性，而紙質(zhì)品有其恒久的價(jià)值。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Ifyoudon’tknowwhatChatGPTisordisliketheideaofworkingwitharobot,enjoyyourretirement.So,asforthepresentyoushouldgetforyourmanagerthisfestiveseason,agoodchoicemaybeanythingmadeofpaper.(如果你不知道ChatGPT是什么，或者不喜歡和機(jī)器人一起工作的想法，享受你的退休生活吧。所以，至于這個(gè)節(jié)日你應(yīng)該送給經(jīng)理的禮物，紙做的任何東西都是不錯(cuò)的選擇)”可知，作者假設(shè)一位退休人員給經(jīng)理送禮物時(shí)，用紙做成的任何禮物都是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇，從而引出本文闡述的話題，由此可以推斷，作者通過描述一種情況導(dǎo)入話題。故選D項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Usersofold-fashionedcalendarsmademoredetailedprojectplansthanthoselookingatanApp,andtheyweremorelikelytosticktothoseplans.Simpledimensionsseemtocount.Theabilitytoseelotsofdaysatonceonapapercalendarmatters.(老式日歷的用戶比那些查看應(yīng)用程序的用戶制定了更詳細(xì)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，他們更有可能堅(jiān)持這些計(jì)劃。簡(jiǎn)單的尺寸似乎很重要。在紙質(zhì)日歷上一次查看很多天的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃的能力很重要。)”可知，舊式的日歷可以一次查看很多天的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，所以更有可能堅(jiān)持這些計(jì)劃，所以紙質(zhì)日歷能讓使用者堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃的原因是它可以每次能顯示很多天的計(jì)劃。故選D項(xiàng)。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenaskedfortheiremailaddresstoreceiveinformation,thosewhousedpaperweremuchlikeliertodecideonapositiveanswer.Theresearchersbelievethatpeoplemakebetterdecisionsonpaperbecauseitfeelsmoreconsequentialthanadigitalscreen.(當(dāng)被問及他們的電子郵件地址以接收信息時(shí)，那些使用紙張的人更有可能決定一個(gè)肯定的答案。研究人員認(rèn)為，人們?cè)诩埳献龀龈玫臎Q定，因?yàn)樗葦?shù)字屏幕更重要。)”可知，研究者也認(rèn)為，使用紙張的人更有可能做出更好的決定，由此可知，紙對(duì)人們做出的決定有影響。故選A項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Theyfoundshopperswerewillingtopaymoreforreadingmaterialsinprintedformthanthosetheycouldonlydownloadonline.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，購(gòu)物者愿意為印刷形式的閱讀材料支付更多的費(fèi)用，而不是他們只能在線下載的材料。)”可知，消費(fèi)者愿意消費(fèi)印制的閱讀材料而不愿意消費(fèi)那些只是下載的材料，由此可推斷，相比而言，電子的材料價(jià)值不如紙質(zhì)的材料。故選B項(xiàng)。7.【2023屆廣東省惠州市高三調(diào)試題試題】Morogoro,Tanzia,Britishresearchscientist,Dr.DonnaKeanistraining170ratstobesentintoearthquakeruinstodovitalworkinfindingearthquakesurvivors.Theprojecthastrainedaboutsevenratstodate,takingaroundtwoweekstogettherescueratsuptospeed.Theserescueratsaresentintomock(模擬的)earthquakeruinswithtinybackpacksthatcontainmicrophones,videogears,andlocationtrackers.Thesetoolswillallowtherescueteamstocommunicatewithearthquakesurvivorsinreal-time.“Itraintheseclevercreaturestosavevictimstrappedincollapsedbuildingsafterearthquakes.Wekitthemoutwitharatbackpack,andtrainthemtoactivateaswitchwhentheyfindavictimandcomebackforatastytreat.”postedDrDonnaKeanonTwitteronMay26,2022.Dr.Keanexpressedhowtherescueratsareidealforthistypeofworksaying,“Ratswouldbeabletogetintosmallspacestogetvictimsburiedinrubble.”Thehighlyswiftratsneversetofflandminesandtheirnaturalswiftnessmakesthemidealforuseinhard-to-navigatedisasterzones.Theirsuitabilityforthisworkgoesfurther,withratsbeinggoodatsurvivingindifferentenvironmentsandlivingoffofanything.Therescueratsareevenbeingtrainedtorespondtobeepsthatcallthembacktotheirbase.Dr.Kean＇steamcollaborates(合作)withthenon-profitorganizationAPOLOfortheir“HeroRats”project.These“HeroRats”aresettostartworkingwithasearchandrescueteaminTurkey,joiningearthquakerescueeffortsinthehigh-riskarea.Thegroupof170ratsisbeingtrainedforadditionalprojectsinvolvinglandmines,tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核),andevensniffingoutBrucellosis,aninfectiousdiseasethatimpactsfarmanimals.Dr.Keanfeelshopefulaboutherproject’spromisingresultsandisexcitedtobetheonlyorganizationinthisspaceworkingwiththisspecies.8．Whyaretherescueratsequippedwithbackpacks?A．Tomonitortherats.B．Tolocatethesurvivors.C．Torecordtherescueprocess.D．Tokeeptrackofthesurvivors.9．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanatrainedrescueratdo?A．Setofflandminesaccurately.B．Digoutthoseburiedinrubble.C．Figureoutthesignalfrombeeps.D．Completethetaskwithoutareward.10．Whatmake(s)ratsoutweighotheranimalsinthisproject?A．Theireffortsintraining.B．Theirnatureofrescuing.C．Theireagernessforsurvivals.D．Theiradaptabilitytoenvironments.11．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“HeroRats“project?A．Theresultsfailtoprovethepotential.B．Theratshavetobetrainedrepeatedly.C．Theprojectprobablypioneersinthespace.D．Theratshavebeenwidelyusedinvariousfields.【答案】8．D9．C10．D11．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了救援鼠應(yīng)用于地震救援工作中。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到“Theserescueratsaresentintomock(模擬的)earthquakeruinswithtinybackpacksthatcontainmicrophones,videogears,andlocationtrackers.Thesetoolswillallowtherescueteamstocommunicatewithearthquakesurvivorsinreal-time.(這些救援鼠被帶著裝有麥克風(fēng)、視頻設(shè)備和位置追蹤器的小背包送入模擬地震廢墟。這些工具將使救援隊(duì)能夠與地震幸存者實(shí)時(shí)溝通。)”可知救援鼠配備了背包是為了追蹤幸存者，故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“Therescueratsareevenbeingtrainedtorespondtobeepsthatcallthembacktotheirbase.(救援鼠甚至正在接受訓(xùn)練，以對(duì)呼叫它們返回基地的嗶嗶聲做出反應(yīng)。)”可知根據(jù)短文，一只受過訓(xùn)練的救援鼠能從嗶嗶聲中辨別出信號(hào)，故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“Thehighlyswiftratsneversetofflandminesandtheirnaturalswiftnessmakesthemidealforuseinhard-to-navigatedisasterzones.Theirsuitabilityforthisworkgoesfurther,withratsbeinggoodatsurvivingindifferentenvironmentsandlivingoffofanything.(它們對(duì)這項(xiàng)工作的適應(yīng)性更進(jìn)一步，因?yàn)槔鲜笊朴谠诓煌沫h(huán)境中生存，并以任何東西為生)”可知.在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，老鼠比其他動(dòng)物更重要的原因是原文它們對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性，故選D。11．推理判斷題。文章最后一講到“Dr.Keanfeelshopefulaboutherproject’spromisingresultsandisexcitedtobetheonlyorganizationinthisspaceworkingwiththisspecies.(基恩博士對(duì)她的項(xiàng)目取得的有希望的結(jié)果感到充滿希望，并且很高興成為這個(gè)空間中唯一一個(gè)與這個(gè)物種合作的組織。)”可知從“英雄鼠”項(xiàng)目可以推斷出該項(xiàng)目可能是該領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)，故選C。8.【2023年遼寧省部分重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作體高三模擬試題】It’struethatourabilitytopickupnewskillsdeclineswithage,butusingaspecifictypeofmindset—effectivelyholdingontoabeginner’smind—canhelpyoulearnnewtricksandskillseffectivelyasanadult.Youmaystillwonderwhyyoushouldmaketheeffort,butbest-sellingauthorTomVanderbiltpointsoutthattherearemanygeneralbenefitsoflearninganynewskill—includingsomelong-termbrainchangesthatcouldreducesomeofthementaldeclinethatoftencomeswithageing.Interestingly,thebenefitshereseemtocomefromtryingoutmultipleskills,ratherthanfocusingononeparticularexpertise.AsVanderbiltwritesinhisbook:“Ratherthanrunningamarathonmechanically,youareputtingyourbrainthroughavarietyofhigh-intensityintervalworkouts.Eachtimeyoubegintolearnthatnewskill,you’rereshapingyourself.You’retraining