+Unit+8+What+are+the+shirts+made+of+知識清單+2024-2025學(xué)年魯教版（五四學(xué)制）八年級英語下冊+

PAGEPAGE5Unit8Whataretheshirtsmadeof?一、詞形變化：1.environment（n）--__________(adj.自然環(huán)境的)2.leaf（n.）--_______(pl.)3.produce(v.)--________(n.產(chǎn)品)4.wide(adj.)--_______(adv.廣泛地，普遍地)5.German(n.德國人)--_________(n.德國)6.compete(v.)--________(n.競爭者)--____________(n.競爭)7.history(n.)--________(adj.歷史的)8.hot(adj.)--_________(n.高溫v.加熱)二．重點(diǎn)短語:1.bemadeof...__________2.bemadein...__________3.environmentalprotection____________4.befamousfor…=_____________5.據(jù)我所知_______________6.onthesidesofmountains__________7.手工_________8.allovertheworld________9.accordingto_________10.becoveredwith…___________11.introuble______12.papercutting________13.afairytale___________14.ataveryhighheat___________三.重要知識點(diǎn)1.被動語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)(1)被動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作________者。(2)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動詞的過去分詞(此處be是_______詞，有__________________的變化)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：____________________________(3)被動語態(tài)中動作的發(fā)出者或執(zhí)行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by表示“由，被”的意思如何理解被動語態(tài)？為更清晰、更深刻地理解被動語態(tài)的含義，可以將主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較:主動語態(tài)：主語+謂語動詞+賓語+其他成分被動語態(tài)：主語+be+過去分詞+by+賓語+其他成分如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被動語態(tài)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.即時練習(xí)：把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?。Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.

TheoldmanonTVtellsastoryonSunday.

Studentslistentothekindteachercarefully.被動語態(tài)的幾種句型1.肯定句主語+be+過去分詞+(by…)

Eg：Asweetsongissungbyheronthestage.

2.否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞+(by…)

Eg：Asweetsongisn’tsungbyheronthestage.

3.一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)?

Eg：Isasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?

4.特殊疑問句疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)?

Eg：Whereisasweetsongsungbyher?

按要求改寫下列句子。1.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?(變?yōu)楸粍泳?

2.ThisEnglishsongissungbythegirlsafterclass.

①改為否定句

②改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答

③對劃線提問

(4)含有雙賓語的句子變被動語態(tài)：

雙賓語：即直接賓語(常指事物)和間接賓語(常指人)的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。

Eg：Jacktoldusthetruth.（變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)）WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.練習(xí)：Hepassesmethefootball.(改成被動語態(tài))

I___________thefootballbyhim.

Thefootball__________________mebyhim.(5)動詞的主動形式表示被動之意1)系動詞無被動語態(tài)：以主動形式表示被動之意。常見的系動詞有：be動詞,look,seem,appear,feel,sound,smell,taste等Eg：Itsmellsterrible.Thatsoundsgood.2)不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。Eg：Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。

Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。3)下列動詞(詞組)沒有被動式：happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cost,takeEg：Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.練一練：用所給動詞的正確形式填空。①Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.

②Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.

③French___________(speak)inFrance.

④Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?

⑤Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

⑥Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

選擇：①Cotton(棉花)______inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

②【湖北黃石】Thispairofshoes_______hand,andit______verycomfortable.

A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels③(湖北）—Yourbedroomissoclean.—Ofcourse.It______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned

④【江蘇常州】Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.

A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold

⑤【河南】—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.

—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.

A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold⑥【湖北宜昌】—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.

—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.

A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering⑦【湖北襄陽】—Didn’tyouseethesign“NoParking!”ontheright?

—Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______hereA.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow⑧【廣西南寧】HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They_______bymanyteenagers.

A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread⑨【廣東梅州】Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.

A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes

⑩【浙江寧波】—Haveyoufinishedyourproject?

—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI_______tenmoreminutes.

A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven

2.襯衫由什么制成？Whataretheshirtsof?總結(jié)：：由制成，一般能看出原材料，或發(fā)生的________變化：由制成，一般不能看出原材料，或發(fā)生的_______變化_____：指的是產(chǎn)地，，意思為"于…制造"。_____:"被制成為…"_______：由構(gòu)成/組成，一般是多種構(gòu)成。練一練：①Ilikethedumplingsmade________mymotherbest.②Doyouknowwineismade______grapes?③Thedeskismade__________wood.④Paperismade__________wood.⑤Theteamismade________30studentsandateacher.⑥Thiskindofwatchismade_________Shanghai.⑦M(jìn)ysweaterismade_________wool(羊毛).⑧Thiswoodwillbemade_______desksandchairs.3.AnxiandHangzhouarewidelyknownfortheirtea.安溪和杭州以茶葉而廣為人知?！窘馕?】widelyadv.廣泛的，普遍的wideadj.寬闊的Eg：Herbooksare___________________.她的書被廣泛閱讀。【解析2】beknownfor…“以…聞名，為人知曉”，相當(dāng)于“befamousfor…”beknownas…“作為…出名”，相當(dāng)于“befamousas…”Eg:Tai’anis____________MountTai.YangLiweiis_____________anastronaut.4.Nomatterwhatyoumaybuy,youmightthink….【解析】nomatter“不論，無論”，常與what、who、how、when、where等疑問詞連用，引導(dǎo)_______狀語從句。拓展：“nomatter+疑問詞”可用“疑問詞+ever”替換。Eg：___________________yougo,neverforgetyouareaChinese.無論走到哪里，都不要忘了你是個中國人。=________________yougo,neverforgetyouareaChinese.5.Lauraistryingtofindoutmoreabout….勞拉正在試圖找出更多關(guān)于…【解析】辨析find/lookfor/findout這三個詞都有“找”的涵義，但具體用法有別：

A.lookfor：“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。

B.find：“找到”“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，賓語往往是某個丟失的東西或人。C.findout：“弄清楚”“”，著重表示通過一個曲折過程查明某個情況、事實(shí)。練一練：(1)Please___________whenthetrainleaves．請查一下火車什么時候離站。(2)—Didyou________LiMingyesterday？

—No，we____________himeverywhere，butdidn't__________him.6.Theinternationalkitefestivalisheldin…everyyear.國際風(fēng)箏節(jié)每年在…舉行。

【解析】hold(held,held)①容納;②舉辦;③抓住【短語】holdasportsmeeting舉行一場運(yùn)動會holdon別掛電話,稍等holdonto（doing）sth.堅(jiān)持（做）…

練一練：①Youhaveagooddream.Don’tgiveitup!

A.StopitB.HoldontoitC.HolditbackD.Don’ttakeitout

②Thesportsmeeting___________(hold)inourschooltwiceayear.

③【安徽】—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?_____,please.I’llseeifheisin.

A.LookoutB.HoldonC.KeepupD.Comeon

④Thishallcan____________400people.這個大廳能容納400人。7.Hesentthemouttoaskforhelpwhenintrouble.當(dāng)遇到麻煩時，他放天燈來尋求幫助

【解析】send→sent→sentsendout發(fā)送；派遣；放出【短語】sendfor…派人去請；派人去拿sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.送給某人某物練一練：①【四川】Drunkendriveisdangerous,isn’tit?

Yeah.Thatiswhydrunkendriver___toprisonevenwithoutcausingaccidents.

A.sentB.aresentCissentD.aresending②Wemust_______adoctor,heisbadlyill.A.sendtoB.sendforC.sendout8.Theyaremadeofbambooandcoveredwithpaper.它們是由竹子制成的，并被紙覆蓋住。

【解析】coverv.①包括；涉及=include②覆蓋becoveredwith…被蓋住coversth.withsth用某物覆蓋某物n.封面；蓋子

練一練：①Inthewinter,themountainis__whitesnow.A.cover;withB.covered;withC.cover;underD.covered;under②ThisbookmustbeTom’s,becausehisnameisonthec__________ofit.9.Whenthelanternsarelit,theyslowlyriseintotheairlikesmallhot-airballoonsforalltosee.當(dāng)燈籠被點(diǎn)亮的時候，它像一個小氣球一樣慢慢升向天空，讓所有的人都能看見。

【解析】light小結(jié)：

(1)v.點(diǎn)亮,點(diǎn)燃→lit/lighted→lit/lighted(2)adj.輕的（反義詞：heavy）(3)n.燈turnoffthelightlightbulb電燈泡

(4)adj.淺色的（反義詞：dark）lightgreen

(5)n.光線(不可數(shù)n.)

Eg:①Isawhimentertheroom,sitdownandlightacigarette.我看見他走進(jìn)房間,坐了下來,點(diǎn)燃了一根香煙。②Ican'treadwhileyouarestandinginmylight.你擋住了我的光線，我沒法看書。③Heturnedoffthelightbeforegoingout.他出門前把燈關(guān)掉。④Thisisaheavybox,andthatisalightone.這是一個重箱子,那是一個輕箱子。⑤Herfinelighthairfelloverhercheeks.她的淺色的美麗頭發(fā)遮住了臉頰。⑥【連云港】—Ididn’texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrarysoearlyinthemorning.

—____,huh?

A.Everydoghasitsday B.Manyhandsmakelightwork

C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm D.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth

10.ThepiecesareusuallycutechildrenorlivelycharactersfromaChinesefairytaleorhistoricalstory.陶土作品通常是可愛的孩子，或是中國童話故事或歷史故事中生動的人物。

【解析】live，lively，living，alive區(qū)別liveadv./adj.讀作[laiv]，“現(xiàn)場的；活著的,活生生的”，只用于物，可以做前置定語；livelyadj.“生動的，活潑的”，可以做定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)；livingadj.表示“活著的”，作表語或前置定語，可修飾人，也可修飾物；aliveadj.“活著的”，多用于人，與dead相對；可以做表語、后置定語或補(bǔ)足語。①M(fèi)rs.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass_____andkeepshisstudents___inclass.

A.alive;interestingB.lively;interestingC.alive;interestedD.lively;interested②Airiseverywhereanditgiveslifetoevery______thing.

③Theboylooked___,buthisweakbreathsuggestedthathewasstill____.

A.died;aliveB.died;livingC.dead;aliveD.dead;lively

11.Thepiecesarecarefullyshapedbyhandfromaveryspecialkindofclayandthenallowedtoair-dry.這些（泥制）作品通過手工用一種非常特殊陶土精心塑形，之后再自然晾干。

【解析】allowsb.todosth允許某人做某事sb.beallowedtodosth某人被允許做某事

allowdoingsth允許做某事練一練：①Wedon’tallow___________(smoke)inthereadingroom.

②Ourteacherallowsus____________(go)outforawalk.

③Theboyshouldbeallowed__________(play)aftersupper.四.書面表達(dá)：本單元涉及的話題是“中國制造的東西”，話題作文通常會涉及民間藝術(shù)以及文化傳承。這是一個適合記敘、說明兩種體裁相結(jié)合的話題，同時也是學(xué)生喜歡寫、有話寫的題材。寫好這類文章，最重要的是準(zhǔn)確捕捉寫作的“精髓”，有條理的把要描述的某一事物展現(xiàn)出來，此類話題的寫作要立足事實(shí)、表達(dá)真情實(shí)感。寫作此類話題作文的常用表達(dá)有：(1)

Chinaisfamousfor…(2)

It’sgreatthatChinaissogoodat…(3)

…wishthatinthefuture…will…(4)

Theseusuallytrytoshow…(5)

Theyareseenassymbolsof…1.【典型例題】假如你是韓梅，遠(yuǎn)在美國的筆友Linda給你寫信了，信中，Linda向你了解中國有什么著名小吃。請根據(jù)表格提示給Linda回信。民間小吃糖葫蘆（tanghulu）原料山楂（haw）,有些地方的糖葫蘆用草莓（strawberry）、葡萄（grape），甚至小蘋果等制成歷史淵源據(jù)說，宋代（thesongdynasty）一位皇帝妻子曾因吃了糖葫蘆治好了病，因此流傳下來象征幸福和團(tuán)員【優(yōu)秀范文】DearLinda,Youaskedmewhatfamoussnackstherewereinmycountry.Well,inmycountry,oneofthemostf