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2025年新八省新高考英語滿分通關(guān)練專題04新八省高考閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道+議論文通關(guān)20篇解析版(山西、河南、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、四川、云南、寧夏、青海)新聞報(bào)道新聞報(bào)道滿分作答解題妙招一、新聞報(bào)道類閱讀理解思維導(dǎo)圖新聞報(bào)道類閱讀理解語篇特點(diǎn)近年來,英美國(guó)家主流媒體已經(jīng)成為全國(guó)各省市高考閱讀理解命題文章的主流題源,如《時(shí)代》、《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》、《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》、《衛(wèi)報(bào)》等。命題文章話題涵蓋廣泛,有關(guān)于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)文報(bào)道,有社會(huì)生活中發(fā)生的大小事件,還有個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)歷趣聞。新聞?lì)愓Z篇在寫作手法上遵循的原則是“keepitshortandsimple”,簡(jiǎn)稱KISS原則。高考所選取的新聞?lì)愇恼轮饕扇 皩?dǎo)語(lead)——主體(body)——結(jié)尾(end)”的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。新聞?lì)愓Z篇有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):1.主題明確突出新聞?lì)愇恼碌膬?nèi)容圍繞某個(gè)新聞事件或人物展開,文章主題經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在導(dǎo)語部分。導(dǎo)語一般是文章第一或第一、二段,用簡(jiǎn)明生動(dòng)的語言將新聞最具價(jià)值、最新鮮的內(nèi)容或典型例子放在開頭,引出文章主題。導(dǎo)語部分通常能全部或部分回答who、what、when、where、why、how等問題。正文主要是對(duì)導(dǎo)語部分所提供的主題信息的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行解釋和深化,此部分以記敘或者說明為主。結(jié)尾再一次總結(jié)中心思想,以強(qiáng)調(diào)、啟發(fā)、或號(hào)召等方式結(jié)束,也有的新聞文章沒有明顯的結(jié)束語。2.信息準(zhǔn)確客觀新聞報(bào)道強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性,一般以第三人稱為主,客觀報(bào)道事實(shí)、描述事件或陳述觀點(diǎn)。所提供的細(xì)節(jié)信息,如時(shí)間、人物、地點(diǎn)、因果等都有明確的出處或來源。作者一般不表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),而是通過引語,包括直接和間接引語,來陳述相關(guān)人士的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。3.語言簡(jiǎn)潔風(fēng)趣新聞?lì)愓Z篇既要做到觀點(diǎn)明確,又要做到表達(dá)有力和敘述生動(dòng),因此十分講究語言的趣味性,用濃縮的語言表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容。用詞平實(shí)易懂,精煉簡(jiǎn)潔。三、新聞報(bào)道類閱讀理解解題策略1.瀏覽文章,判斷文體考生在做閱讀理解題時(shí)一定要有“文體意識(shí)”,即結(jié)合文章體裁的文體特征,緊扣主旨理解文章。具體到新聞?lì)愇捏w,首先通過新聞獨(dú)有的語篇特征,如導(dǎo)語、信息源等,判斷是否是新聞?lì)愓Z篇。然后,根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和題型特點(diǎn)可以去文章相應(yīng)部分尋找答案,這樣可以節(jié)約時(shí)間、有的放矢。例如:文章主旨、寫作意圖題一般對(duì)應(yīng)文章導(dǎo)語部分。2.利用導(dǎo)語,掌握核心導(dǎo)語往往包括了新聞最具價(jià)值的內(nèi)容,與主旨密切相關(guān),是對(duì)新聞事件本質(zhì)、新聞人物的突出特點(diǎn)和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象背后的原因等最凝練的概括,是寫作意圖題、主旨大意題的重要判斷依據(jù)。例如:2020全國(guó)高考III卷C篇,探討了英國(guó)社會(huì)中由于多方壓力,一家人幾代同堂的現(xiàn)狀。第31題“Whatisthetextmainlyabout?”就是導(dǎo)語的側(cè)面考查。通過結(jié)合下文的例子和數(shù)據(jù)分析,我們知道這種選擇多是同住一室的家庭越來越多,因此全文講述的是人們居住方式的一種新的趨勢(shì)。3.深入細(xì)節(jié),定位分析細(xì)節(jié)判斷題是新聞?lì)愓Z篇的主要考查題型,做題時(shí)考生要有“題目意識(shí)”,即由題干關(guān)鍵詞把握命題意圖和答題要點(diǎn),解題時(shí)多使用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”或者“綜合歸納”兩種方法。多數(shù)情況下,選項(xiàng)會(huì)對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,即原文信息的另外一種表達(dá)。相反,選項(xiàng)中如果出現(xiàn)了原文出現(xiàn)過的詞句,應(yīng)當(dāng)引起警覺,謹(jǐn)防受到“偷梁換柱”的迷惑干擾。有時(shí)候細(xì)節(jié)散落在多個(gè)句子,或者在不同段落中都有提到,考生應(yīng)該分析事件之間的關(guān)聯(lián)、人物與事件的關(guān)聯(lián)、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象背后的原因和結(jié)果的關(guān)聯(lián)等等,進(jìn)行綜合歸納。如果是以記敘為主,則需要抓住“何人、何時(shí)、何為、何因、何果”幾要素,這幾大要素也是題目的著眼點(diǎn)。4.結(jié)合主旨,理解引語引語是新聞?lì)愇恼轮械狞c(diǎn)睛之筆,用來體現(xiàn)作者或者文中相關(guān)方面的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn),用來佐證支撐主旨。在答題時(shí)要有“語境意識(shí)”,即聯(lián)系文章主旨和上下文語境分析判斷作者的寫作意圖或者說話人的情感態(tài)度。議論議論文滿分作答解題妙招議論文是英語中的重要文體,在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。議論文就是說理性的文章,一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù),使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征,與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看,議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主,偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度。考生在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文,以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。一、考情分析議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征,與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看,議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主,但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查??忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文,以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。1.語言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu),即“提出問題(引論)—分析問題(本論)—解決問題(結(jié)論)”。由此可見,要理解議論文有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),一是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證;二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。2.答題誤區(qū)議論文閱讀理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)往往在于事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)分以及觀點(diǎn)本身。解題時(shí),一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實(shí),哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)以及引述中不同人物的觀點(diǎn);二要弄清作者真正的觀點(diǎn)是什么,既要考慮全文,又要重視結(jié)論部分,謹(jǐn)防將文章中引述的某人的觀點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。二、解題秘籍1.抓住論點(diǎn)找主旨。閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點(diǎn),找到文章的論點(diǎn)也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說,作者會(huì)在開頭段落交代文章的論點(diǎn),因此,細(xì)讀文章首段尤為重要。議論文多采用“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu),因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領(lǐng),據(jù)此可以做好寫作意圖題、主旨大意題和標(biāo)題推斷題。2.理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。議論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu),作者先給出論點(diǎn),然后從不同方面(正面,反面)進(jìn)行論證,最后給出總結(jié)或者自己的觀點(diǎn)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折,遞進(jìn),并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞。考生在閱讀時(shí),要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu),找到論點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而理解作者給出的論據(jù),突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。3.體會(huì)語言特點(diǎn)。能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說,對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向,必須在通讀全文,掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后,方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí),我們應(yīng)注意,有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的,需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí),一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律,以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。4.注意干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。①包含項(xiàng)原則在答案選項(xiàng)分析中,假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解,那么我們就說選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系,包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在"花"與"玫瑰"兩選項(xiàng)中,正確答案肯定是"花",花包含了玫瑰。②正反項(xiàng)原則所謂正反項(xiàng),是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的,其中必有一真。所以,假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng),那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng),正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。③委婉項(xiàng)原則所謂委婉,這里是指說話不能說死,要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá),如:probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等,而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案,如:must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項(xiàng)原則命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍,然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們:詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則議論文中,那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項(xiàng)原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的,前因后果,一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而,在推理題的選項(xiàng)中,有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因),或者推理過頭(止于后果),這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們:假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系,那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果,那么答案就是因;如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因,那么答案就是果。三、說明文實(shí)用答題妙招1.閱讀理解議論文深層理解解題居多,落實(shí)“題文同序”和“同義替換”。2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章,高于文章”,弄清來龍去脈再推斷。3主旨大意題要關(guān)注文章的結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是“首段”和“段首”及關(guān)鍵詞。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式,重視首尾段照應(yīng)和首段概括引領(lǐng)作用。5.滿分策略:讀題干→找原文→做標(biāo)記→留痕跡→看選項(xiàng)→扣字眼。新八省最新新八省最新名校模擬試題【新八省閱讀·新聞報(bào)道01】(24-25高三上·四川·階段練習(xí))Carburetors(化油器)mayrepresentold-schooltechnologyintheautomobileworld.However,RileySchlick,ahighschoolseniorinFlorida,rebuildsthemforatidyprofit.Onceavitalpieceofequipmentforcars,carburetorsadjusttheair-fuelmixtureforinternalcombustionengines(內(nèi)燃機(jī)).Initssimplestform,acarburetortakesinairfromoneendandforcesitthroughanarrowsectionthatcausestheairtospeedupandthepressuretodrop.Asaresult,thefallingpressurecreatesavacuumthatdrawsinairandfuelthroughanotherholeintheside,whichgathersdirtandgeneratesperformanceproblems.Chemicalcarburetorcleanerssometimesaddresstheissues,butnotthewayafullrebuildcan.That’swhereSchlick’sBradenton-basedbusinessRiley’sRebuildscomesin.Schlicklearnedhowtodotheworkfromherdad,DaneTrask,whorebuildsclassiccarsasahobby.Heshowedherhowtodoit,andalsomadeuseofsomeonlineinstructionalvideos.“Shepickeditupeasily,”hesaid.Schlickandherstaff—herschoolfriendsDagny,Katie,Amelia,andElaine—unboxacarburetorthatarrivesinthemailandfirstdocumentitsbasicinformationsuchasoriginandmodelnumberbeforetheygetthedevicereadytobreakdown.Theteamsodablasts(強(qiáng)速噴射)thebodytoremovethedirtanddustandthenblowsittoclearanyremainingsodabits.“Weusesodablastinginsteadofsandorglassbecauseit’sgentler.Andthesodadoesn’tgetstuckinthecarburetors,”Schicksaid.Oncethedirtisgone,theydrythecarburetorthoroughlyandputitbacktogether.Riley’sRebuildscharges$145anduptorebuildacarburetorandsenditbacktoitsowner.Onaverage,theteamworkson20ormorecarburetorsaweek.Carburetorslookcomplicatedanddifficult,butactuallytheyarenot.Fromabusinessstandpoint,itisagrowingmarketforSchlickandforyoungerkids.1.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A.Toillustratethefeaturesofafullrebuild.B.Tostressthelimitationsofchemicalcleaners.C.Tointroducetheworkingprincipleofcarburetors.D.TohighlightthesignificanceofRiley’sRebuilds.2.WhatdoweknowaboutSchlickfromparagraph3?A.Sheisquicktolearn. B.Sherunsafamilybusiness.C.Sheenjoyssurfingonline. D.Sheisreallyintoclassiccars.3.Whydoestheteamusesodaasthecleaningmaterial?A.It’scarburetor-friendly. B.It’scustom-tailored.C.It’sreadilyavailable. D.It’scost-effective.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSchlick’sbusiness?A.Flexibleandsustainable. B.Fruitfulandpromising.C.Competitivebutprofitable. D.Demandingbutmanageable.【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一個(gè)高中女生RileySchlick如何通過重建汽車化油器來賺取可觀的利潤(rùn),并詳細(xì)介紹了她如何學(xué)習(xí)這項(xiàng)技能、她的工作流程以及這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的盈利情況。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Initssimplestform,acarburetortakesinairfromoneendandforcesitthroughanarrowsectionthatcausestheairtospeedupandthepressuretodrop.Asaresult,thefallingpressurecreatesavacuumthatdrawsinairandfuelthroughanotherholeintheside,whichgathersdirtandgeneratesperformanceproblems.(最簡(jiǎn)單的形式是,化油器從一端吸入空氣,迫使它通過一個(gè)狹窄的部分,使空氣加速,壓力下降。因此,下降的壓力產(chǎn)生了真空,空氣和燃料通過側(cè)面的另一個(gè)洞被吸進(jìn)來,這個(gè)洞聚集了灰塵,產(chǎn)生了性能問題。)”可知,本段詳細(xì)解釋了化油器最基本的工作原理,即如何調(diào)節(jié)空氣和燃料的混合比例。因此,該段的主要目的是介紹化油器的工作原理。故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Schlicklearnedhowtodotheworkfromherdad,DaneTrask,whorebuildsclassiccarsasahobby.Heshowedherhowtodoit,andalsomadeuseofsomeonlineinstructionalvideos.“Shepickeditupeasily,”hesaid.(Schlick從父親DaneTrask那里學(xué)會(huì)了如何做這項(xiàng)工作,他的父親把重建老爺車作為一種愛好。他教她怎么做,還利用了一些網(wǎng)上的教學(xué)視頻?!八苋菀拙蛯W(xué)會(huì)了,”他說。)”可知,從第三段中我們知道Schlick是從她爸爸DaneTrask那里學(xué)到如何重建化油器的,而她的爸爸認(rèn)為她很容易就學(xué)會(huì)了,由此可知Schlick是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)速度很快的人。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Weusesodablastinginsteadofsandorglassbecauseit’sgentler.Andthesodadoesn’tgetstuckinthecarburetors,”Schicksaid.(“我們使用蘇打水噴射而不是沙子或玻璃,因?yàn)樗鼫睾汀6姨K打水不會(huì)卡在化油器里,”Schick說。)”可知,團(tuán)隊(duì)使用蘇打作為清潔材料是因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)化油器更友好,不會(huì)卡在化油器里。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Carburetorslookcomplicatedanddifficult,butactuallytheyarenot.Fromabusinessstandpoint,itisagrowingmarketforSchlickandforyoungerkids.(化油器看起來很復(fù)雜,但實(shí)際上并非如此。從商業(yè)角度來看,這對(duì)Schlick和年幼的孩子來說是一個(gè)不斷增長(zhǎng)的市場(chǎng)。)”可知,從商業(yè)角度來看,Schlick的業(yè)務(wù)(重建化油器)是一個(gè)不斷增長(zhǎng)的市場(chǎng),對(duì)Schlick和年輕的孩子來說都是有前景的。因此,可以用選項(xiàng)B“fruitfulandpromising(有成果且有前途的)”來形容她的業(yè)務(wù)。故選B?!拘掳耸¢喿x·新聞報(bào)道02】(24-25高三上·四川成都·開學(xué)考試)Foryears,Egyptologistshavehotlydebatedhowthemassivepyramids(金字塔)ofancientEgypt(埃及)werebuiltmorethan4,000yearsago.Now,ateamofengineersandgeologistsbringsanewtheorytothetable—awaterliftdevicethatwouldhavefloatedtheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramidusingstoredwater.AncientEgyptiansbuilttheStepPyramidforPharaohDjoserinthe27thcenturyBC,anditwasthetalleststructureatthetime,cominginatabout62meterstall.Buthowexactlythestructurewaserected,withanumberofstonesweighinginat300kilograms,hasremainedacenturies-oldmystery,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinthejournalPLOSOne.“Manydetailedpublicationshavediscussedpyramid-buildingproceduresandprovidedrealexamples,buttheseusuallyfocusonmorerecent,better-documented,andsmallerpyramidsoftheMiddleandNewKingdoms(1,980to1,075BC),”saidleadauthorDr.XavierLandreau,CEOofPaleotechnic,aprivatelyownedresearchinstituteinParisthatstudiesancienttechnologies.“Thetechniquesinvolvedcouldincluderamps(活動(dòng)坡道),cranes(起重機(jī)),oracombinationofthesemethods,”headdedinanemail.“ButwhatabouttheOldKingdompyramids(2,675to2,130BC),whicharemuchbigger?Whilehumanstrengthandrampsmaybetheonlyconstructionforceforsmallstructures,othertechniquesmayhavebeenusedforlargepyramids.”Usingacombinedapproach,thenewpaperwasthefirsttoreportasystemmatchingtheStepPyramid’sinternalarchitecture,theauthorswrote.Acomplexwatertreatmentsystemdrawinguponlocalresourcescouldhavecreatedawater-poweredelevatorwithinthepyramid’sinternalverticalpassage.Sometypeoffloatwouldhaveraisedtheheavystonesupthemiddleofthepyramid,accordingtothestudy.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“erected”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Changed. B.Designed. C.Built. D.Destroyed.2.WhichmayplayaroleinbuildingsmallpyramidsaccordingtoDr.Landreau?A.Peopleandramps. B.Rampsandcranes.C.Peopleandcranes. D.Waterandramps.3.Whatisthemainadvantageofthewaterliftdeviceinbuildingpyramids?A.Itsimplifiestheuseoframps.B.Ithelpstomakeheavystonesraised.C.Itincreasestheweightofthestones.D.Itusessomeresourcesfortreatment.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WaterLiftTheory:ANewViewonPyramidConstructionB.RecentResearchesontheStoriesofEgypt’sSmallPyramidC.AHistoricalDebate:Egypt’sPyramidConstructionSecretsD.ExploringAncientEgyptianPyramidConstructionMysteries【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。這篇文章報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即關(guān)于古埃及金字塔建造方式的新理論。1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“withanumberofstonesweighinginat300kilograms,hasremainedacenturies-oldmystery,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinthejournalPLOSOne.(根據(jù)周一發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館·綜合》(PLOSOne)雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究,這座由重達(dá)300公斤的石頭組成的建筑,仍然是一個(gè)數(shù)百年來的謎)”可知,用重達(dá)300公斤的石頭應(yīng)是建造建筑,推知erected應(yīng)是“建造”之意,和C項(xiàng)意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Thetechniquesinvolvedcouldincluderamps(活動(dòng)坡道),cranes(起重機(jī)),oracombinationofthesemethods,”headdedinanemail.“ButwhatabouttheOldKingdompyramids(2,675to2,130BC),whicharemuchbigger?Whilehumanstrengthandrampsmaybetheonlyconstructionforceforsmallstructures,othertechniquesmayhavebeenusedforlargepyramids.”(“所涉及的技術(shù)可能包括活動(dòng)坡道、起重機(jī),或這些方法的組合,”他在一封電子郵件中補(bǔ)充道,“但是,對(duì)于更大的古王國(guó)時(shí)期金字塔(公元前2675年至公元前2130年)來說呢?雖然人力和活動(dòng)坡道可能是小型建筑唯一的施工力量,但大型金字塔可能采用了其他技術(shù)?!?”可知,人力和坡道可能在建造小金字塔中起作用。故選A項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Acomplexwatertreatmentsystemdrawinguponlocalresourcescouldhavecreatedawater-poweredelevatorwithinthepyramid’sinternalverticalpassage.Sometypeoffloatwouldhaveraisedtheheavystonesupthemiddleofthepyramid,accordingtothestudy.(根據(jù)研究,利用當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源建立一個(gè)復(fù)雜的水處理系統(tǒng),可以在金字塔內(nèi)部的垂直通道內(nèi)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)水動(dòng)升降機(jī)。某種類型的漂浮物可以將沉重的石塊提升到金字塔的中部)”可知,水升裝置的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它幫助提升重石。故選B項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Foryears,Egyptologistshavehotlydebatedhowthemassivepyramids(金字塔)ofancientEgypt(埃及)werebuiltmorethan4,000yearsago.Now,ateamofengineersandgeologistsbringsanewtheorytothetable—awaterliftdevicethatwouldhavefloatedtheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramidusingstoredwater.(多年來,埃及學(xué)家們一直在激烈爭(zhēng)論4000多年前的古埃及巨大金字塔是如何建造的?,F(xiàn)在,一組工程師和地質(zhì)學(xué)家提出了一個(gè)新的理論,即一種水利升降設(shè)備,利用儲(chǔ)存的水將沉重的石塊通過埃及最古老的金字塔中部浮起)”以及通讀全文可知,文章主要介紹了一種新的金字塔建造理論,即利用水升裝置來提升重石,因此最佳標(biāo)題是A項(xiàng)“WaterLiftTheory:ANewViewonPyramidConstruction(水舉理論:金字塔建設(shè)的新視角)”。故選A項(xiàng)?!拘掳耸¢喿x·新聞報(bào)道03】(24-25高三上·四川·開學(xué)考試)Theworld’sfirstjet-suit(噴氣服)race,organizedbyGravityIndustries,aUK-basedtechcompanythatspecializesinhigh-poweredjet-suits,tookplacearoundtheDubaiMarinathisweekwithracerswearingIronMan-esquetechnologyrushingaround,hopingtofirstcrossthefinishingline.Allwentsmoothly,asidefromaminormess-upbyEmiratipilotAhmedal-Shehhi,whoreportedlycrashedintothewaterduringhisheat.Fortunately,hequicklyrosetothewatersurfaceandgaveathumbs-upbeforebeingpickedupbyarescuecrew.InspiredbyF1technology,thesuitsfeaturefivegasturbines(渦輪機(jī))fittedonthearmsandback,capableofgeneratingover1,000horsepower.Thisallowstheracertopickupspeedsofupto128kilometersperhour.Thesuitscantypicallystayinairforjust3minutes,althoughit’spossibletoflyforover7minutesifconditionsareideal.Ifthesuitsremindyouofacertainbillionairesuperhero,you’renotalone.ItseemsthatthefounderofGravityIndustriesalsodrewsomeinspirationfromtheMarvelUniverse.“Theclosestcomparisonwouldbethatdreamofflying...andthengowhereveryourmindistakingyou,”RichardBrowning,thefounderandchieftestpilot,saidaftertherace.“Andyes,theworldofMarvelsuperheroesandDCComics,theyhavecreatedthatdreambook,andwearethepeoplewhoaretheclosesttorealizingthatforreal,”Browningadded.Understandably,thetechnologydoesn’tcomecheap.Ifyoufancygettingyourhandsonacustom-madejet-suitfromGravityIndustries,expectapricetagofatleast£380,000.Itisn’tallfunandgames,though.GravityIndustrieshaspreviouslydemonstratedthattheirjetpackscouldbeusedbyrescueteamstoreachdangerousmountainareas.They’vealsosuggesteditcouldbeusedbypoliceforcestohuntdowncriminalsontherun.1.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Thedefinitionofhorsepower. B.ThefeaturesofF1technology.C.Theconditionsofusingjet-suits. D.Theintroductionofthejet-suits.2.HowdidRichardBrowningfeelaftertherace?A.Confident. B.Disappointed. C.Grateful. D.Concerned.3.WhatcanweknowaboutthenewtechnologyofGravityIndustries?A.Ithasitsmedicalvalue. B.Itisaffordableforeveryone.C.Itcanbeusedinrescuework. D.Ithasbeenadoptedbythepolice.4.Whatistheaimofthispassage?A.Tocompare. B.Toentertain. C.Toinform. D.Topersuade.【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了一次噴氣服飛行比賽以及噴氣飛行服技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域等。1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“InspiredbyF1technology,thesuitsfeaturefivegasturbines(渦輪機(jī))fittedonthearmsandback,capableofgeneratingover1,000horsepower.Thisallowstheracertopickupspeedsofupto128kilometersperhour.Thesuitscantypicallystayinairforjust3minutes,althoughit'spossibletoflyforover7minutesifconditionsareideal.(受到F1技術(shù)的啟發(fā),這套噴氣服的手臂和背部安裝了五個(gè)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī),能夠產(chǎn)生超過1000馬力的動(dòng)力。這使得賽車可以達(dá)到每小時(shí)128公里的速度。這種噴氣服通常只能在空中停留3分鐘,但如果條件理想,也有可能飛行超過7分鐘)”可知,本段作者介紹了噴氣服的組件、能夠產(chǎn)生的功率以及通常在空中持續(xù)飛行的時(shí)長(zhǎng),因此判斷本段主要是對(duì)噴氣服的基本信息的介紹。故選D項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中““Theclosestcomparisonwouldbethatdreamofflying...andthengowhereveryourmindistakingyou,”RichardBrowning,thefounderandchieftestpilot,saidaftertherace.(“最接近的比喻是飛行的夢(mèng)想……然后隨心所欲,”創(chuàng)始人兼首席試飛員理查德·布朗寧(RichardBrowning)在比賽結(jié)束后說)”以及第六段““Andyes,theworldofMarvelsuperheroesandDCComics,theyhavecreatedthatdreambook,andwearethepeoplewhoaretheclosesttorealizingthatforreal,”Browningadded.(“是的,漫威超級(jí)英雄和DC漫畫的世界,他們創(chuàng)造了那本夢(mèng)想的書,我們是最接近實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)的人,”布朗寧補(bǔ)充道)”可推知,Browning在談到噴氣飛行服的時(shí)候非常自信。故選A項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisn’tallfunandgames,though.GravityIndustrieshaspreviouslydemonstratedthattheirjetpackscouldbeusedbyrescueteamstoreachdangerousmountainareas.They’vealsosuggesteditcouldbeusedbypoliceforcestohuntdowncriminalsontherun.(不過,這并不全是娛樂和游戲。重力工業(yè)公司此前已經(jīng)證明,他們的噴氣服可以被救援隊(duì)用來到達(dá)危險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)。他們還建議,警察可以用它來追捕在逃的罪犯)”可知,這種技術(shù)可以用于救援工作。故選C項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworld’sfirstjet-suit(噴氣服)race,organizedbyGravityIndustries,aUK-basedtechcompanythatspecializesinhigh-poweredjet-suits,tookplacearoundtheDubaiMarinathisweekwithracerswearingIronMan-esquetechnologyrushingaround,hopingtofirstcrossthefinishingline.(世界上第一場(chǎng)噴氣服比賽于本周在迪拜碼頭舉行,由總部位于英國(guó)的重力工業(yè)公司(GravityIndustries)組織,該公司專門從事高性能噴氣服的制造。參賽選手們穿著鋼鐵俠式的科技裝備四處奔跑,希望能第一個(gè)沖過終點(diǎn)線)”以及通讀全文可知,文章主要介紹了一次噴氣服飛行比賽和噴氣飛行服技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)以及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域等,由此推斷文章的目的是告知這個(gè)活動(dòng)以及這種技術(shù)。故選C項(xiàng)。【新八省閱讀·新聞報(bào)道04】(24-25高三上·山西·階段練習(xí))Fullyself-drivingcars,despitetheclaimsofsomecompanies,aren’texactlyreadytohittheroadsanytimesoon.There’sevenasolidcasetobemadethatcompletelyautonomousvehicles(AVs)willnevertakeovereverydaytravel.Regardless,someurbanplannersarealreadylookingintoensuringhowsuchafuturecouldbeassafeandefficient.AccordingtoateamatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,onesolutionmaybechangingthemore-than-century-olddesignoftrafficsignals.Theubiquity(普遍性)ofstoplights’Red-Yellow-Greenphasesaren’tjustcoincidence(巧合).Datingbackto1931,thishasserveddriversprettywellsincethen,buttheNCStateteamarguesAVscouldeventuallycreatetheopportunityforbetterroadconditions.Or,attheveryleast,couldbenefitfromsomebasicadjustments.Lastyear,researchersledbyenvironmentalengineeringassociateprofessorAliHajbabaiecreatedacomputermodelforcitycommuting(通勤)patternswhichindicatedeverydaydrivingcouldonedayactuallyimprovefromasizablepourofAVs.Bysharingtheirmassiveamountsofreal-timesensorinformationwithoneanother,Hajbabaieandcolleaguesbelievethesevehiclescouldintheorycoordinate(使協(xié)調(diào))farbeyondsimplecrossroadschangestoadjustvariableslikespeedandbreaktimes.Tofurthermakethebestuseofthesebenefits,theyputforwardtheintroductionofafourth,“white”lighttotrafficsignals.Inthismodel,the“white”phaseactivates(激活)wheneverenoughinterconnectedAVsapproachacrossroad.Oncelit,thephaseindicatesnearbydriversshouldsimplyfollowthecar(AVorhuman)infrontofthem,insteadoftryingtoanticipatesomethinglikeayellowlight’stransitiontimetored.Additionally,suchinter-connectivitycouldcommunicatewithtrafficsignalsystemstodeterminewhenitisbestfor“Walk”and“Do-Not-Walk”pedestrian(行人)signals.Basedontheirmodelling,itappearedthatsuchachangecouldreducecrossroadsjambyatleast40percentcomparedtocurrenttrafficsystemoptimizationsoftware.Indoingso,thiscouldimproveoveralltraveltimes,fuelefficiency,andsafety.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutcompletelyautonomousvehicles(AVs)?A.Theyhavesettledtrafficjamproblems. B.Theyhavebecomepopularinurbanareas.C.Theywilltaketheplaceofothervehicles. D.Theymaynotbewidelyusedinthefuture.2.Whatdoesthe“white”lightdo?A.Ittellsdriverstostop.B.Ithelpsdriversavoidtrafficjams.C.Itallowsdriverstogothroughcrossroadsfaster.D.Itmakesiteasierforpedestrianstocrossthestreet.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofafourth“white”light?A.Neutral. B.Worried.C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.4.Whatisprobablythetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Aresearchpaper.C.Acommercialad. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(AVs)的現(xiàn)狀以及未來可能的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并提出了改變交通信號(hào)燈設(shè)計(jì)以提高交通效率和安全性的建議。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“There’sevenasolidcasetobemadethatcompletelyautonomousvehicles(AVs)willnevertakeovereverydaytravel.(甚至有充分的理由證明,完全自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(AVs)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)取代日常出行)”可知,完全自動(dòng)駕駛汽車可能在未來不會(huì)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。故選D項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Tofurthermakethebestuseofthesebenefits,theyputforwardtheintroductionofafourth,“white”lighttotrafficsignals.Inthismodel,the“white”phaseactivates(激活)wheneverenoughinterconnectedAVsapproachacrossroad.(為了進(jìn)一步充分利用這些好處,他們提出在交通信號(hào)中引入第四種“白色”燈。在這個(gè)模型中,只要有足夠多的相互連接的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車接近十字路口,“白燈”階段就會(huì)激活。)”和“Basedontheirmodelling,itappearedthatsuchachangecouldreducecrossroadsjambyatleast40percentcomparedtocurrenttrafficsystemoptimizationsoftware.(根據(jù)他們的模型,與當(dāng)前的交通系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化軟件相比,這樣的變化似乎可以減少至少40%的十字路口擁堵)”可知,“白”燈的作用是幫助減少交通擁堵,使駕駛員避免交通堵塞。故選B項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中對(duì)第四種“白色”燈的詳細(xì)描述和“Basedontheirmodelling,itappearedthatsuchachangecouldreducecrossroadsjambyatleast40percentcomparedtocurrenttrafficsystemoptimizationsoftware.Indoingso,thiscouldimproveoveralltraveltimes,fuelefficiency,andsafety.(根據(jù)他們的模型,與目前的交通系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化軟件相比,這樣的改變似乎可以減少至少40%的十字路口擁堵。這樣做,可以改善整體旅行時(shí)間,燃油效率和安全性)”可以推知,作者對(duì)引入第四種“白色”燈的想法是支持的。故選D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Regardless,someurbanplannersarealreadylookingintoensuringhowsuchafuturecouldbeassafeandefficient.AccordingtoateamatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,onesolutionmaybechangingthemore-than-century-olddesignoftrafficsignals.(無論如何,一些城市規(guī)劃者已經(jīng)在研究如何確保這樣的未來同樣安全高效。據(jù)北卡羅來納州立大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組稱,解決方案之一可能是改變已有一百多年歷史的交通信號(hào)燈設(shè)計(jì))”和下文內(nèi)容可知,主要介紹了自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的現(xiàn)狀、未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)以及改變交通信號(hào)燈設(shè)計(jì)的建議,這些內(nèi)容更符合新聞報(bào)道的特點(diǎn),而不是研究論文、商業(yè)廣告或科幻小說。故選A項(xiàng)。【新八省閱讀·新聞報(bào)道05】(24-25高三上·山西運(yùn)城·開學(xué)考試)CHRISTMAS2020wasshapinguptobeaheartbreakerforMelanieLee.Afewweeksearlier,her33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.Thenthetransmission(變速器)onher2007carbrokedown.Shehadnomeansofpayingforittobefixed.“Whenitbrokedown,Ibrokedown,”LeetoldCNN.“NowIdon’thavemybaby,nowIdon’thavetransportation.HowamIsupposedtostayactiveinmygrandchildren’slives?”EliotMiddleton,38,theownerofabarbecuerestaurantandformerautomechanicwho,inhisfreetime,repairsandgivesawayusedcars.He’dheardaboutLee’sdifficultyfromhernephewFrankMcClary.OnChristmasmorning,MiddletonshowedupatLee’shomewithagift:awhite1993Oldsmobile.“Hehandedmethekeysanddidn’taskforanything.”saidLee.Onceagain,she’sabletopickuphergranddaughtersfromschoolandtakethemtodanceclass.Theideafortheused-cargiveawaycametoMiddletonayearearlierduringafooddrivehe’dorganized.Manyofthosewho’dlinedupforamealwalkeduptofourmilesbecausetheydidn’thavecars.CarsarealifelineinthispartofSouthCarolina,MiddletontoldCBS.“There’snopublictransportation,noUbers,notaxistotakepeopletojobinterviews,doctorappointments,evenfoodshopping.SohepostedonFacebookanoffertotradehisrestaurant’sspecialty,barbecuedribs(烤排骨),forbroken-downvehicles.Sincethen,friendsandstrangershavedroppedoffmorethan100carsinvariousstatesofdisrepair.“PeoplethinkEliotisanangel,”MayorMcClarytoldtheWashingtonPost.“AndIdotoo.”1.WhathappenedtoLeearoundChristmas2020?A.Hercarwaslost. B.TheChristmasupsether.C.Hersonwasseriouslyill. D.Shesufferedmisfortunes.2.InwhatwaydidMiddletonhelpLee?A.HegaveawayacartoLee.B.Hesoldasecond-handcartoLee.C.HeinvitedLeetoeatinhisrestaurant.D.HepickedupLee’sgrandchildrenfromschool.3.HowdidMiddletongetsomanysecond-handcars?A.Bypostinganofferforcardonation.B.Byexchanginghisfoodwithcarowners.C.Bycookingbest-sellingfoodinhisrestaurant.D.Bybuyingabandonedcarsandrepairingthem.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthisstory?A.KindnessonAuto B.TradeCarsforFoodC.HeartbreakerorAngel D.FreedomGuaranteedbyCars【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要報(bào)道的是燒烤店老板米德爾頓用他餐館的特色菜燒烤排骨換來二手車,然后贈(zèng)送給那些需要的人。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“CHRISTMAS2020wasshapinguptobeaheartbreakerforMelanieLee.Afewweeksearlier,her33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.Thenthetransmission(變速器)onher2007carbrokedown.Shehadnomeansofpayingforittobefixed.(對(duì)梅蘭妮·李來說,2020年圣誕節(jié)將是一個(gè)令人心碎的日子。幾個(gè)星期前,她33歲的兒子在與長(zhǎng)期疾病的斗爭(zhēng)中失敗了。然后,她2007年的那輛車的變速箱壞了。她沒有錢請(qǐng)人修。)”可知,2020年圣誕節(jié)前后,李經(jīng)歷了失去兒子和汽車出故障等多種不幸。故選D項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“OnChristmasmorning,MiddletonshowedupatLee’shomewithagift:awhite1993Oldsmobile.(圣誕節(jié)的早晨,米德爾頓帶著一份禮物出現(xiàn)在李的家中:一輛1993年的白色奧茲莫比爾。)”和第四段的句子““Hehandedmethekeysanddidn’taskforanything.”saidLee.Onceagain,she’sabletopickuphergranddaughtersfromschoolandtakethemtodanceclass.(“他把鑰匙遞給我,沒有要求任何東西。”李說。再一次,她能夠從學(xué)校接她的孫女,帶她們?nèi)ド衔璧刚n。)”可知,米德爾頓贈(zèng)送了一輛汽車給李。故選A項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的句子“SohepostedonFacebookanoffertotradehisrestaurant’sspecialty,barbecuedribs,forbroken-downvehicles.Sincethen,friendsandstrangershavedroppedoffmorethan100carsinvariousstatesofdisrepair.(因此,他在Facebook上發(fā)布了一份要約,提議用他餐館的特色菜燒烤排骨來換壞掉的汽車。從那以后,朋友和陌生人送走了100多輛年久失修的汽車。)”可知,米德爾頓是用他餐館的特色菜燒烤排骨換來的那么多二手車。故選B項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。本文主要報(bào)道的是燒烤店老板米德爾頓用他餐館的特色菜燒烤排骨換來二手車,然后贈(zèng)送給那些需要的人。所以用A項(xiàng)“KindnessonAuto(汽車上的善舉)”作為本文的題目,與文章主題相符合。故選A項(xiàng)?!拘掳耸¢喿x·新聞報(bào)道06】(24-25高三上·河南·階段練習(xí))China’sChang’e6probereturnedonEarthwithrockandsoilsamplesfromthelittle-exploredfarsideofthemooninaglobalfirst.TheprobelandedintheInnerMongolianregioninnorthernChinaonTuesdayafternoon.“InowdeclarethattheChang’e6LunarExplorationMissionachievedcompletesuccess,”ZhangKejian,directoroftheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,saidinatelevisednewsconferenceafterthelanding.Chinesescientistsanticipatethereturnedsampleswillinclude2.5million-year-oldvolcanicrockandothermaterialthatscientistshopewillanswerquestionsaboutgeographicdifferencesonthemoon’stwosides.ThenearsideiswhatisseenfromEarth,andthefarsidefacesouterspace.Thefarsideisalsoknowntohavemountainsandimpactcraters(坑),contrastingwiththerelativelyflatexpansesvisibleonthenearside.Theprobehadlandedinthemoon’sSouthPole—AitkenBasin,animpactcratercreatedmorethan4billionyearsago.Thesamplesscientistsareexpectingwilllikelycomefromdifferentlayersofthebasin,whichwillbeartracesofthedifferentgeologicaleventsacrossitslongchronology(年表),suchaswhenthemoonwasyoungerandhadanactiveinsidethatcouldproducevolcanicrock.Chinainrecentyearshaslaunchedmultiplesuccessfulmissionstothemoon,collectingsamplesfromthemoon’snearsidewiththeChang’e5probepreviously.Theyarealsohopingthattheprobewillreturnwithmaterialthatbearstracesofmeteorite(隕石)strikesfromthemoon’spast.Thatmaterialcouldshedlightonthesolarsystem’searlydays.There’satheorythatthemoonactedasavacuum(真空)cleanerofsorts,attractingallthemeteoritesinthesystem’searliererasothattheydidn’thitEarth,saidRicharddeGrijs,whoisalsoexecutivedirectorattheInternationalSpaceSci
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