2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)第二編語(yǔ)法突破專題4定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案含解析外研版

PAGE專題四定語(yǔ)從句1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.答案：which分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少opened的賓語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，64)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案：who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞who。3．(2024·浙江高考，58)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.答案：that/which此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾先行詞apieceofcloth，而且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。4．(2024·江蘇高考，21)Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.答案：when句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)幻想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞anage，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，69)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.答案：that/which設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞program，同時(shí)在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用that/which。6．(2024·天津高考，2)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.答案：whose設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少定語(yǔ)，指代Kate的姐姐。故應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)該從句。7．(2024·浙江高考，57)Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.答案：who/that設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞westerners，指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用who/that。8．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，70)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.答案：which句意：很可能攝入過(guò)多(脂肪和鹽)，那對(duì)健康沒(méi)有好處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________isnotgoodforthehealth”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填關(guān)系代詞which。9．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.__________________________________________________________________答案：where→when先行詞oneafternoon是表示時(shí)間的名詞，后面的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。10．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.__________________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞pond，而此處的引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用inwhich或者where。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中修飾某一個(gè)名詞、代詞或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，即作定語(yǔ)的句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)。這些關(guān)系詞的意義和功能比較如下：類別引導(dǎo)詞句子成分指代例句關(guān)系代詞who主、賓、表人YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.whom賓、表人Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.whose定所屬關(guān)系，意為“……的”Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofwasbroken.which主、賓、表物或整個(gè)句子Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.that主、賓、表人或物Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesbyonemillion.as主、賓、表人、物或整個(gè)句子Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why緣由狀語(yǔ)緣由Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.關(guān)系代詞that與which,which與as的用法區(qū)分that與which只用that的狀況當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)①Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.②Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.③ThebestthatIcoulddowastoapologize.當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,everything,few,all,none,little,some等不定代詞時(shí)，或由every,any,all,no,some,little,few,much等修飾時(shí)①IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.③Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.④Anymanthathasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.⑤Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.當(dāng)主句是以who，which開(kāi)頭的特別疑問(wèn)句時(shí)①Whoisthemanthatisstandinginfrontofthecrowd?②WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?當(dāng)先行詞由thelast,theonly,theright,thevery等修飾時(shí)①ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.②CucumberistheonlyvegetablethatIliketoeat.只用which的狀況“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”修飾的先行詞指物時(shí)Thetableunderwhichtheboycrawledwasputupforwriting.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指物或前面整個(gè)句子時(shí)Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindofhim.先行詞本身是that時(shí)What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow？續(xù)表which與as在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞前有such,thesame或so修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用as①Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.②I'llgiveyousuchthingsasyoumayneed.③Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which引導(dǎo)的從句一般在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的從句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中①Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.②Ascanbeseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.③Einstein,asweknow(＝asiswellknown),isafamousscientist.④TherewasanInternetcaféaroundhere,asIremember.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which通常意為“這；這一點(diǎn)”；as通常表示說(shuō)話人的看法、看法、說(shuō)明等，意為“正如；就像”①Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.②Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的留意事項(xiàng)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的留意事項(xiàng)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、緣由狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when,where,why①I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedthearmy.②Thefactoryinwhich/wherehisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhich/whyhewaslateforschool.“介詞＋which”指物，“介詞＋whom”指人①Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.②Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.some,any,none,both,all,few,neither,most＋of＋關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)，表示“全部”關(guān)系，或“整體與部分”的關(guān)系①TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.②Ihavemanybooks,someofwhichareonchemistry.介詞＋whose＋名詞MrWang,withwhosehelpIfinishedtheworkontime,isoneoftheteachersIloveandrespect.定語(yǔ)從句的其他事項(xiàng)先行詞是way時(shí)的定語(yǔ)從句way作先行詞，表示“方式”，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可以省略；表示“方式、方法”，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that或which引導(dǎo)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可省略①Theway(that/inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.②Thisistheway(that/which)heusedtodealwiththepollution.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的確定依據(jù)與定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配來(lái)確定介詞Wateristhenaturalmediuminwhichfishlive.對(duì)于那些由動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通常不宜將它們拆開(kāi)運(yùn)用，此時(shí)應(yīng)留意介詞的位置應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞后Theboy(whom)mysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter.依據(jù)與定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞的搭配來(lái)確定介詞Physicsisthesubjectinourschoolinwhicheverystudentisinterested.依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配來(lái)確定介詞Iwillofferyouabetterwayinwhichyoucandothejob.依據(jù)句意來(lái)確定介詞的運(yùn)用ThisisthebookfromwhichIgotthestory.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一樣定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一樣Here'saletterfromMrBrown,whowantstocometoParis.在“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisoftenlate.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·河南省南陽(yáng)市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考)________isknowntoall,smokingisharmfulforhealth.答案：As本句是一個(gè)由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as指代后面的主句。2．(2024·廣東省深圳市南山區(qū)高三摸底)Ihadtostayandfightthisruleagainforgirls________wanttoplayfootball.答案：who/that句意：我不得不再次留下來(lái)為那些想踢足球的女孩們抗拒這個(gè)規(guī)定。先行詞是girls，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填who或that。3．Wearelivinginanage________QRcodes(二維碼)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.答案：when句意：我們生活在一個(gè)日常生活中二維碼越來(lái)越受歡迎的時(shí)代。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。4．(2024·廣西桂林市十八中高三月考)JustasIwasinthemiddleofmydescent(下降),agentlemanenteredthemainentrance________wasrightinfrontofthestaircase.答案：which/that句意：當(dāng)我正在下樓梯的時(shí)候，一位男士走進(jìn)了正門(mén)，而正門(mén)就在樓梯前面。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的先行詞entrance，雖然entrance表示“入口處”，有地點(diǎn)的意味，但是從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which/that。5．Theyworkedfortwohourstorescuetheman________wasinjuredintheaccident.答案：who/that句意：他們工作兩個(gè)小時(shí)，挽救事故中受傷的那個(gè)人。who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞theman。6．Pleasegothroughthetextandunderlinethewords________meaningsyoudon'tknow.答案：whose句意：請(qǐng)通讀全文，劃出你不知道意思的那些單詞。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。7．LichunisaChinesewordforoneofthe24solarterms,________meansthebeginningofspring.答案：which句意：立春是中國(guó)二十四節(jié)氣中的一個(gè)節(jié)氣，意味著春天的起先。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用which。8．(2024·吉林省長(zhǎng)春市試驗(yàn)中學(xué)學(xué)期初考試)Wearetalkingaboutoneofthemostinterestingdevices________allowpeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives.答案：that先行詞devices前面有最高級(jí)themostinteresting修飾，同時(shí)后面的句子缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。9．Twoblocksbeyondtheschoolisafield________weoftenplayedfootballduringchildhood.答案：where句意：我們學(xué)校兩個(gè)街區(qū)之外是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，我們孩提時(shí)代經(jīng)常去那兒踢球。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。10．ChongyangFestival,________isalsoknownastheDoubleNinthFestival,fallsontheninthdayoftheninthmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.答案：which句意：重陽(yáng)節(jié)，也叫雙九節(jié)，是在中國(guó)農(nóng)歷的9月9日。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用which。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·中心民大附中月考)Whichisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.__________________________________________________________________答案：Which→As句意：然而，狀況往往是這樣的，有些人發(fā)覺(jué)這個(gè)理論勸服力不強(qiáng)。asisoftenthecase“狀況往往是這樣”，此處as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，位于句首，故把Which改為As。2．Intheirspar