專(zhuān)八改錯(cuò)技巧課件

詞法錯(cuò)誤冠詞名詞代詞介詞及固定搭配形容詞和副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用詞混淆第1頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)1、三類(lèi)常見(jiàn)冠詞錯(cuò)誤a.冠詞誤用b.冠詞冗余c.冠詞缺失出現(xiàn)頻率較高!!第2頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.冠詞誤用09年真題Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifferencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.thefurtherdifferenceafurtherdifference第3頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)b.冠詞冗余2010真題Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos’life.The去掉theLanguage–thelanguage第4頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)c.冠詞缺失2007年真題Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional.tolargeextenttoalargeextent第5頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2.名詞的數(shù)paper---paperssafe-safesglass-glasseswood---woodswork---worksfather-in-law---fathers-in-law近年，出現(xiàn)頻率較低第6頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2004年真題Congressionalinvestigationsneverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.interests---interest第7頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)3、兩類(lèi)常見(jiàn)代詞錯(cuò)誤 a.代詞誤用b.代詞冗余出現(xiàn)頻率較高第8頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.代詞誤用2009Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.their---his(2013-7)something---anything(2013-8)第9頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)b.代詞冗余2006Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission---bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).it刪除第10頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)4、介詞及固定搭配a.介詞誤用b.介詞冗余c.介詞缺失出現(xiàn)頻率極高！第11頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.介詞誤用2008OthersfavoredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglishandmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryoneknows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingthesamelanguageasbefore.at---in(intheend)第12頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.介詞誤用2006TheEnglishspeakershasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglishspeakers.in---at(atone’sdisposal)第13頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.介詞誤用2005Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeagueschoolscolluded（密謀）tolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshiponthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed---justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbestcustomer.on---to(givediscountsto)2012-5第14頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)b.介詞冗余2010TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnowiftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionsasimportant.as刪除（madesuchdistinctionsimportant）第15頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2011IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,去掉in;face面對(duì)

faceup勇敢地面對(duì)第16頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)c.介詞缺失2010Thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.be后面加as2012-1第17頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)5、形容詞和副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要為比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)誤用出現(xiàn)頻率較高2006Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.old---older第18頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts.high---higher第19頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Insocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis“thechair-grasp”（抓板凳）.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,butnowthehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway.can---must第20頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)7、用詞混淆a.詞義混淆b.詞性混用c.其他混淆第21頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)a.詞義混淆2010TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimoslanguage(oneofthosesometimesmis-called‘primitive’)isinherently.further---much或者去掉第22頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)b.詞性混用2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts.Europe---European第23頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)c.其他混淆2010ThisexampledoesnotcometolightadefectinEnglish,ashowofunexpected“primitiveness”.come---bring(bringtolight發(fā)現(xiàn)、揭露）第24頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)詞法錯(cuò)誤句法錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤Proofreadinganderrorcorrection第25頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)句法錯(cuò)誤1、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)2、主謂一致3、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞5、It-句型6、虛擬語(yǔ)氣7、倒裝第26頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)1、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)出現(xiàn)頻率不高2002Webeginthe“natural”learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.went---go2012-4第27頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2、主謂一致出現(xiàn)頻率不高2006…theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,otheotherEnglishspeakers.enables---enable2013-7第28頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)3、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句一個(gè)?？汲Ｐ碌目键c(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)：1）定語(yǔ)從句分限定性和非限定性?xún)煞N2）關(guān)于that和which的區(qū)別第29頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2008AtthesametimetheUnitedStatessplitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.time后面加上when第30頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2007Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional.these---those第31頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2005Theriseintuitionmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation.fact后面加that第32頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種形式：

todo——不定式

doing——?jiǎng)用~

done——分詞考試出現(xiàn)頻率極高第33頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)主要錯(cuò)誤：1.句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)2.動(dòng)名詞與不定式誤用3.分詞的誤用第34頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：agree,advise,care,choose,consent,decide,determine,desire,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,learn,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,resolve,want,wish等接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,deny,detest,dislike,endure,enjoy,envy,escape,excuse,fancy,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,goon,can’thelp,imagine,insiston,involve,keep,keepon,leaveoff,mention,mind,miss,postpone,praise,practise,putoff,quit,recollect,report,resent,resist,risk,stand,stop,suggest,think,understand等。第35頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2007Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliestrecordsofancientlanguageshowuslanguageinanewandemergingstate.show---showing第36頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2006Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.agreeing---agreed第37頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)5、It-句型2010Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.There---It第38頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)Grammarerrors1.Asmilecanbeobserved,described,andreliablyidentify,anditcanalsobeelicitedandmanipulatedunderexperimentalconditions.2.Amusicalgenius,JohnCageisnotedforhishighlyunconventionalideas,andherespectedforhisunusualcompositionsandperformances.3.Chocolateispreparedbyacomplexprocessofcleaning,blendandroastingcocoabeans,whichmustbegroundandmixedwithsugar.4.Severalmillionpointsonthehumanbodyregisterseithercold,heat,pain,ortouch.5.Inthe1800'sstoreownerssoldeverythingfromaneedletoaplow,trusteveryone,andnevertookinventory.第39頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)6.Humanbeingsaresocialanimalswhomusuallyprefernottoliveinphysicalorpsychologicalisolation.7.Itestimatedthatonlyaboutthirtypercentofourplanet'ssurfaceconsistsofland.8.Iftelevisionhadbeeninventedathousandyearsago,willnationsbesignificantlymorehomogeneousthantheyarenow?9.TheSt.LawrenceSeaway,whichrunsbetweenBritishColumbiaandNewYork,hascompletedbytheUnitedStatesandCanadain1959.10.Filmdirectorscantakefargreatlibertiesindealingwithconceptsoftimeandspacethanstagedirectorscan.第40頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)詞法錯(cuò)誤句法錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤Proofreadinganderrorcorrection第41頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)銜接錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤第42頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)1.銜接錯(cuò)誤2006Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission---bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).or---and第43頁(yè)/共47頁(yè)2004Mostcommittee