專題-13-猴痘的傳播-2023年高考英語外刊時(shí)文精讀精練

2023年高考英語外刊時(shí)文精讀精練(13)Anewoutbreakofdisease:Thespreadofmonkeypox新的疾病爆發(fā)：猴痘的傳播【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，認(rèn)識即可；下劃線單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）SINCEBRITAINreportedacaseof

monkeypox

onMay

7th,morethan

300

furthercases

havebeenreportedacrosstheworld.Thedisease,whichisusually

confined

toAfrica,isnow

present

inatleast

17

countriesinEuropeandfiveothernon-Africanones.

The

symptomsaresimilartothoseof

smallpox(天花),adiseasethatonce

troubled

humansbuthasnowbeen

wipedout.Someresearcherssuggestthat,endingroutineanti-smallpox

vaccination(疫苗)

mayhaveopenedthedoorfor

monkeypox

tospread.

TheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)saystheillnessrarelykillshealthyadultsiftreatedearly,butcanbedangerousforchildren,

pregnant

womenandthe

immunocompromised(免疫缺陷的).Thosewarningsareimportant.ThereisnorecordedcaseofanyoneoutsideAfricahavingdiedof

monkeypox.Butinthat

land,wherehealthcareisoftenpoor,itis

fatal

3-6%ofthetime.Also,a

strain

prevalent(流行菌株)

inCongoismuchmorelikelytokillthanthewestAfrican

variant

(變種)nowspreadingoutsidethe

continent.

PreviousEuropeanoutbreakshavebeenlimitedto

travellers

fromAfrica,ortheirclosecontacts.ThefirstcasefoundinBritainthismonthinvolvedsomeonerecentlyarrivedfromNigeria.Sincethen,thediseasehasspreadmorewidely.ByMay

25thBritainhad

diagnosed

71

cases.Spainhadreported

119.Portugal,

39.Argentina,AustriaandDenmark

confirmed

infectionsonMay

23rd.

Monkeypox

ismost

frequently

transmitted

byskin-to-skincontact,

bodily

fluidsor

polluted

materialsuchasclothesandbedding.ManyoftherecentEuropeaninfectionshavebeenlinkedtobigevents.HansKluge,theWHO’s

regional

directorforEurope,haswarnedthatfestivalsandparties

could

acceleratetransmissionduringthesummermonths.Herecommendsthoroughhandwashingand

protective

equipmentforhealthworkers.

Infected

peopleandtheircontactshavebeenadvisedto

isolate

for

21

daysandhealth

authorities

areusingcontact-tracingto

reducethespread.

Butthe

virus

isnotas

rapidly

transmissible

asSARS-COV-2.Nordoesitdevelopasquicklyascoronaviruses,reducingtheriskofitsuddenlybecomingmoredangerous.AndWesterncountriesknowhowto

deal

withit.ThelastbigoutbreakoutsideAfricawasin

2003,when

monkeypox-carrying

prairie

dogscausedmorethan

70

casesinAmerica.Thatincidentwasquicklycontained.

Vaccination

canhelppeoplerecoverevenaftertheyhavebeen

infected,and

smallpox

jabs(ofwhichmanycountries

keep

largestocks)are

estimated

tobe

85%effectiveagainst

monkeypox.Someplacesarealready“ring-vaccinating”thepersonalcontactsofthose

infected,bothtoprotectthe

individuals

inquestionandtobreakthechainof

infection.So,althoughthenumberofcaseswillprobablycontinuetoriseforawhile,

monkeypox

ismostunlikelytoleadtolockdownsinthewaythat

covid-19

did.【課標(biāo)詞匯精講】confinev.限制；使局限Yourboatingwillmostlybeconfinedtoafewhoursatweekends.你通常只限于在周末劃幾個(gè)小時(shí)船。Let'sconfineourdiscussiontothematterinquestion,please!請把討論集中在正題上！presentadj.現(xiàn)存的；當(dāng)前的Wedonothaveanymoreinformationatthepresenttime.目前我們沒有進(jìn)一步的消息。

Afewbriefcommentsaresufficientforpresentpurposes.就當(dāng)前而言,幾句簡短的話已經(jīng)足夠了。wipeout

徹底毀滅;勾銷;去除，抹去;使疲憊不堪Wholevillageswerewipedoutbythefloods.整個(gè)整個(gè)的村莊被洪水吞沒。Allthattravellinghaswipedherout.一路舟車辛勞讓她疲憊不堪。fatal致命的;災(zāi)難性的Thisillnessisfatalinalmostallcases.這種病幾乎是不治之癥。Hemadethefatalmistake/errorofbelievingwhattheytoldhim.他聽信了他們的話，犯了災(zāi)難性的錯(cuò)誤。continent大陸,大洲?theNorthAmericancontinent北美大陸?thecontinentsofAsiaandAfrica亞非兩洲；亞洲和非洲previous以前的，先前的I'vemethimbeforeontwopreviousoccasions.我以前見過他兩次Doyouhaveanypreviousexperienceofthistypeofwork?你以前有過做這種工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？contact傳達(dá)；聯(lián)系；遭遇，遇見Hehadlostcontactwithhisfriends.他和朋友們失去了聯(lián)系。I'mstillincontactwithher-wewriteacoupleoftimesayear.我和她仍有聯(lián)系——我們一年寫幾封信。involve包括，包含；使參與，牽涉Thesecondaccidentinvolvedtwocarsandalorry.第二次意外涉及兩輛小汽車和一輛大卡車。She'sbeeninvolvedwithanimalrightsformanyyears.她多年來一直參與保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益的活動(dòng)。Itwouldbedifficultnottoinvolvethechild'sfatherinthearrangements.不讓孩子的父親參與籌劃會(huì)很困難。diagnose診斷（疾病等）Shewasfinallydiagnosedashavingepilepsy.她最終被確診為患有癲癇。20,000menarediagnosedwithskincancereveryyear.每年有20,000名男子被查出患有皮膚癌confirm證實(shí)，確定Sixpeoplehaveconfirmedthattheywillbeattendingandtenhaven'trepliedyet.有六人已確認(rèn)將參加，還有十人尚未答覆。Flightsshouldbeconfirmed48hoursbeforedeparture.應(yīng)該在起飛前48小時(shí)確認(rèn)航班。transmit傳遞；傳播Choleraistransmittedthroughcontaminatedwater.霍亂是透過受污染的水傳播。Somediseasesaretransmittedfromonegenerationtothenext.有些疾病是世代遺傳的。link把…聯(lián)系起來;有聯(lián)系，有關(guān)聯(lián):Aloveofnaturelinksthetwopoets.對大自然的熱愛把兩位詩人聯(lián)系在一起。Strongfamilytiesstilllinkedthemtogether.牢固的家庭紐帶依然把他們聯(lián)系在一起。accelerate（使）加快，（使）增速；促進(jìn)；提前，（促使）早日發(fā)生Thecaracceleratedsmoothlyaway.

那輛汽車平穩(wěn)地加速離開。Exposuretothesuncanacceleratetheageingprocess.暴露在日光下會(huì)加快老化過程。recommend推薦，薦舉;勸告做，建議（某事）Irecommendwritingyourfeelingsdownonpaper.我建議你把自己的感受寫下來。Thedoctorrecommended(that)Itakemoreexercise.醫(yī)生建議我多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。

infected受感染的Aftertheoperationthewoundbecameinfected.手術(shù)后傷口受到了感染。Cleanthewoundsoitdoesn'tgetinfected.清洗一下傷口以免感染。isolate使隔離；使孤立；使脫離Hewasisolatedfromalltheotherprisoners.他被人從其他所有囚犯隔離開來。Theytriedtoisolate(=find)thecauseoftheproblem.他們試圖找出問題的原因。contain控制，抑制，克制Hecouldbarelycontainhimselffromjumpinguptoexclaim.他幾乎控制不住要跳起來驚叫。Morepoliceweresenttohelpcontaintheviolence.更多警力被派去協(xié)助控制暴力行為。estimate估計(jì)；估算；估價(jià)Theyestimate(that)thejourneywilltakeatleasttwoweeks.他們估計(jì)這次行程至少需要兩周時(shí)間。Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.這棵樹估計(jì)至少有700年了。19.inquestion正被談?wù)摰模懻撝械?；考慮中的；辯論中的;有疑問的，被懷疑的:Istayedathomeonthenightinquestion.那個(gè)晚上我留在家里沒外出。I'mafraidhishonestyisnowinquestion.恐怕他的誠信現(xiàn)在讓人懷疑了。20.leadto導(dǎo)致，引起Closingtheplantwillleadto300joblosses.關(guān)掉這個(gè)工廠會(huì)導(dǎo)致300多人失業(yè)。AdegreeinEnglishcouldleadtoacareerinjournalism.

有英語專業(yè)的學(xué)位可讓你有機(jī)會(huì)從事新聞工作?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】根據(jù)語境，從上面的“課標(biāo)詞匯”和“重點(diǎn)短語”中選用合適的單詞及其正確形式將句子補(bǔ)充完整。I'veacceptedthejoboverthephone,butIhaven'tinwritingyet.我已在電話中接受了這份工作，但還沒有書面確認(rèn)。Somehowyourpanicandfearitselftothehorsethatyou'reriding.不知怎么的，你的恐懼會(huì)傳染給你騎的馬。Wherewereyouduringtheevening?所說的那天晚上你在哪兒？Thereisn'tenoughbetweenteachersandparents.老師和家長間聯(lián)系不夠。Ipreferteachingmethodsthatactivelystudentsinlearning.我較喜歡能讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)法。Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingtothediseasetothenorthoftheregion.透過關(guān)閉受感染的農(nóng)場，我們希望把疾病限制在該地區(qū)的北部。Thesituationcannotbeallowedtocontinue.不能允許現(xiàn)在的局面持續(xù)下去。Nothingcouldhisbittermemoriesofthepast.什么也抹不掉他過去的痛苦記憶。Hisconditionassomesortofblooddisorder.他的病被診斷為某種血液病。Ifitisnottreatedcorrectly,theconditioncanprove.

如果治療不當(dāng)，這種病可能會(huì)致命。Trainingisprovided,sonoexperienceisrequiredforthejob.這項(xiàng)工作提供培訓(xùn)，因此不要求以前有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)Reducingspeedlimitsshouldfewerdeathsontheroads.降低限速可以減少交通死亡人數(shù)。Youarestronglytoseekprofessionaladvice.你尋求專業(yè)方面的咨詢。Theclimberstogetherbyropes.登山者用繩子連在一起。Theyusespecialchemicalstothegrowthofcrops.他們使用特殊的化學(xué)品來刺激農(nóng)作物生長。Farmsintheareahavebeenclosedoffinanattempttothedisease.為阻止疾病擴(kuò)散，該地區(qū)的農(nóng)場都被關(guān)閉了。Itwasdifficulttohowmanytreeshadbeendestroyed.很難估計(jì)有多少樹被毀。Inheavilyareas,halfthepopulationbecomeblind.在受污染嚴(yán)重的地區(qū),有一半人口失明。Ahighwallthehousefromtherestofthevillage.一堵高墻將這棟房子與村莊的其他部分隔離開Keys:I'veacceptedthejoboverthephone,butIhaven'tconfirmedinwritingyet.Somehowyourpanicandfeartransmitsitselftothehorsethatyou'reriding.Wherewereyouduringtheeveninginquestion?Thereisn'tenoughcontactbetweenteachersandparents.Ipreferteachingmethodsthatactivelyinvolvestudentsinlearning.Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingtoconfinethediseasetothenorthoftheregion.Thepresentsituationcannotbeallowedtocontinue.Nothingcouldwipeouthisbittermemoriesofthepast.Hisconditionwasdiagnosedassomesortofblooddisorder.Ifitisnottreatedcorrectly,theconditioncanprovefatal(=befatal).

Trainingisprovided,sonopreviousexperienceisrequiredforthejob.Reducingspeedlimitsshouldleadtofewerdeathsontheroads.Youarestronglyrecommendedtoseekprofessionaladvice.Theclimberswerelinkedtogetherbyropes.Theyusespecialchemicalstoacceleratethegrowthofcrops.Farmsintheareahavebeenclosedoffinanattempttocontainthedisease.Itwasdifficulttoestimatehowmanytreeshadbeendestroyed.Inheavilyinfectedareas,halfthepopulationbecomeblind.Ahighwallisolatedthehousefromtherestofthevillage.【譯文】自英國5月7日報(bào)告第一例猴痘病例以來，全球各地已累計(jì)報(bào)告300多例。通常猴痘僅出現(xiàn)在非洲，但如今猴痘病例已存在于至少17個(gè)歐洲國家以及其他5個(gè)非洲以外國家。猴痘的癥狀（發(fā)燒、乏力以及遍布在臉上和身體上的膿皰）與天花類似，天花曾一度肆虐全人類，但如今已被消滅。一些研究人員表示，正是因?yàn)椴辉龠M(jìn)行常態(tài)化注射天花疫苗，可能給猴痘的傳播打開了大門。

世衛(wèi)組織稱，猴痘若能早治療，則幾乎不會(huì)給健康成年人造成生命危險(xiǎn)，但是兒童、孕婦以及免疫功能低下人群的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。這些警告至關(guān)重要。目前沒有非洲以外病例死于猴痘的報(bào)告。但在醫(yī)療