2024秋高中英語(yǔ)Module1BritishandAmericanEnglishSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandSpeaking學(xué)案含解析外研版必修51

PAGE23-Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish圖解英式英語(yǔ)(B.E.)和美式英語(yǔ)(A.E.)區(qū)分British&AmericanEnglish開啟歡樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)之旅英式英語(yǔ)與美式英語(yǔ)的區(qū)分主要體現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面：一、發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)方面美式發(fā)音區(qū)分于英式發(fā)音的最大特色就在于美式發(fā)音中除了Mrs外，會(huì)把單詞里每個(gè)r音都體現(xiàn)出來(lái)(不論在哪個(gè)位置)，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞末尾r的卷舌音，比如teacher，car，neighbor。而英式發(fā)音一般不會(huì)將每個(gè)r都讀出來(lái)。二、詞匯方面美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)在詞匯方面有很多不同，比如：汽油，美國(guó)叫g(shù)asoline，英國(guó)叫petrol(汽油曾經(jīng)是二戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候美軍用于識(shí)別混入的德國(guó)士兵的口令，喊汽油叫petrol的人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)抓起來(lái))。三、拼法方面一般來(lái)說(shuō)美式英語(yǔ)拼法比英式英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)潔一些。如：美式英語(yǔ)里通常將英式英語(yǔ)里的字母組合our中的u省去，favourite(英式)，favorite(美式)；neighbour(英式)，neighbor(美式)；colour(英式)，color(美式)。四、時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分美國(guó)人傾向于運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)去描述剛剛發(fā)生的事情，而英國(guó)人則更可能運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)描述過(guò)去剛剛發(fā)生的事情。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航Module1BritishandAmericanEnglishSectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandSpeakingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．a(chǎn)ccentn.腔調(diào)2．queuevi.(英)排隊(duì)(等候)3．omitvt.省略4．remarkn.評(píng)論；講話5．satelliten.衛(wèi)星6．flickn.輕打；輕彈；抖動(dòng)7．switchn.開關(guān)8．structuren.結(jié)構(gòu)；體系9．obviousadj.明顯的；自不待言的→obviouslyadv.明顯地，自不待言地10．confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confusedv．使混亂；使迷惑→confuseadj.困惑的；難懂的→confusionn.困惑；混亂；混淆11．comparevt.比較→comparisonn．比較；對(duì)比12．varietyn．種類→varyv．變更；變更；不同→variousadj.各種各樣的；不同的→variationn．變更13．differvi.不同；有區(qū)分→differentadj.不同的→differencen．不同14．settlern．移民；定居者→settlev．確定；定居→settlementn．殖民；開拓15．steadilyadv.不斷地；持續(xù)地→steadyadj.不斷的；持續(xù)的Ⅱ.核心短語(yǔ)1．have...incommon有相同的特點(diǎn)2．make_a_difference有影響，使不相同3．get_around四處走動(dòng)(旅行)4．queue_up/stand_in_line排隊(duì)5．compare...with...把……與……相比6．be_similar_to與……相像7．have_difficulty_(in)_doing_sth.做某事有困難8．lead_to導(dǎo)致；引起9．a(chǎn)fter_all終歸10．ontheothersideoftheAtlantic在大西洋彼岸11．makethefamousremark說(shuō)出這句名言12.attheflickofaswitch輕輕一按開關(guān)13.passintoBritishEnglish傳入英式英語(yǔ)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．老師講英式英語(yǔ)還是美式英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有太大差別。Itdoesn'tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.2．美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人卻叫它torch。Americansuseaflashlight，whilefortheBritish，it'satorch.3．專家們認(rèn)為，這樣不間斷的溝通使英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人彼此理解起來(lái)更加簡(jiǎn)潔。Thisnon-stopcommunication，theexpertsthink，hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.4．但它也導(dǎo)致了大量的美式英語(yǔ)單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語(yǔ)中，以至于現(xiàn)在一些人認(rèn)為英式英語(yǔ)將會(huì)消逝。ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.5．說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人無(wú)論在哪里都能夠彼此了解。UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.課文預(yù)讀Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentin①manyways.Thefirstandmostobvious②wayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning③.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdown④freewaysandfillupwith⑤gas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorways⑥andfillupwithpetrol⑦.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheunderground⑧inLondonorthesubway⑨inNewYork,ormaybeyouwillpreferto⑩getaround?thetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight?，while?fortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueue?up;Americansstandinline?.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightly?differentmeaning,which?canbeconfusing?.Chips,forexample?，arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.①bedifferentin在……方面不同bedifferentfrom與……不一樣②obvious/'?bvi?s/adj.明顯的，自不待言的③which引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，均修飾words。④drive...down...沿……駕駛……；相當(dāng)于drive...along...⑤fillup(with)(用……)裝滿，填滿⑥motorway/'m??t??we?/n.(英)高速馬路⑦petroln．(英)汽油，gasn．(美)汽油⑧underground/'?nd??ɡra?nd/n.(英)地鐵⑨subway/'s?b?we?/n.(美)地鐵⑩prefertodo...更情愿/喜愛(ài)做……prefer...to...，意為“喜愛(ài)……賽過(guò)……”。其中to為介詞。?getaround四處走動(dòng)(旅行)?flashlight/'fl???la?t/n.(美)手電筒；火把?while為并列連詞，意為“而，然而”，此處表示前后兩種狀況的對(duì)比。?queue/kju?/vi.(英)排隊(duì)(等候)queueup(for...)排隊(duì)(等候……)?standinline排隊(duì)等候?slightlyadv.略微地，略微地，此處修飾different。?which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。?confusing/k?n'fju?z??/adj.令人困惑的；難懂的?forexample例如常作插入語(yǔ)，可位于句首、句中或句末。?preposition/?prep?'z??n/n.介詞eq\o(○,\s\up4(21))compare/k?m'pe?/vt.比較compare...with...把……與……相比該結(jié)構(gòu)常用其非謂語(yǔ)形式comparedwith作狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)可與comparedto互換。compare...to...把……與……相比；把……比作……eq\o(○,\s\up4(22))ontheteam(美)是隊(duì)里的一員intheteam(英)是隊(duì)里的一員eq\o(○,\s\up4(23))ontheweekend(美)在周末attheweekend(英)在周末eq\o(○,\s\up4(24))where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up4(25))omit/??'m?t/vt.省略eq\o(○,\s\up4(26))“in＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞areas，其中differin中的介詞前移。eq\o(○,\s\up4(27))variety/v?'ra??ti/n.種類avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的eq\o(○,\s\up4(28))differ/'d?f?/vi.不同，有區(qū)分differ常與介詞from,in連用。eq\o(○,\s\up4(29))seem看來(lái)，好像(作連系動(dòng)詞)seem后常與動(dòng)詞不定式todo或形容詞連用，或構(gòu)成固定句式Itseemsthat...。eq\o(○,\s\up4(30))insteadof代替，而不是insteadadv.相反；而，卻eq\o(○,\s\up4(31))influencevt.&n.影響haveaninfluenceon對(duì)……有影響eq\o(○,\s\up4(32))settler/'setl?/n.移民；定居者eq\o(○,\s\up4(33))which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代theaccent。eq\o(○,\s\up4(34))besimilarto與……相像besimilarin在……方面相像eq\o(○,\s\up4(35))remark/r?'mɑ?k/n.評(píng)論；講話eq\o(○,\s\up4(36))variation/?ve?r?'e??n/n.變更eq\o(○,\s\up4(37))havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難eq\o(○,\s\up4(38))steadily/'sted?li/adv.不斷地；持續(xù)地eq\o(○,\s\up4(39))satellite/'s?t??la?t/n.衛(wèi)星eq\o(○,\s\up4(40))畫線部分為“it＋be＋adj.＋todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it為形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up4(41))flick/fl?k/n.輕打；輕彈；抖動(dòng)attheflickof輕輕一按/彈……eq\o(○,\s\up4(42))switch/sw?t?/n.開關(guān)switch還可以作動(dòng)詞，常與off和on連用。eq\o(○,\s\up4(43))makeit＋adj./n.(forsb.)todo...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up4(44))leadto引起；導(dǎo)致其中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。eq\o(○,\s\up4(45))structure/'str?kt??/n.結(jié)構(gòu)；體系eq\o(○,\s\up4(46))畫線部分為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，sothat意為“以至于”。該狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含了believe的賓語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up4(47))findsth./sb.doing...“發(fā)覺(jué)某物/某人在做……”為“find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up4(48))現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up4(49))suggestv．示意，表明eq\o(○,\s\up4(50))wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere。譯文助讀詞，詞，詞英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)在很多方面是不同的。首先最明顯的是在詞匯方面。有數(shù)以百計(jì)的不同的詞在大西洋彼岸不被運(yùn)用，或者以一種不同的意思被運(yùn)用著。其中一些單詞是人們所熟知的——美國(guó)人在freeways上駕駛的是automobiles，給車加gas；英國(guó)人在motorways上駕駛的是cars，給車加petrol。作為游客，你在倫敦要乘坐的地鐵叫underground，而在紐約則叫subway，或者你更情愿乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)巡游城市。Chips還是Frenchfries?但是其他詞和短語(yǔ)卻沒(méi)有這么廣泛地為人所知。美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人則叫它torch?！芭抨?duì)”在英式英語(yǔ)中用queueup，而在美式英語(yǔ)中用standinline。有時(shí)候同一個(gè)單詞的含義有微小的差別，這讓人很困惑。例如，chips在英國(guó)是指熱的炸薯?xiàng)l，在美國(guó)卻指特別薄而且裝在紙袋里出售的薯片——英國(guó)人把這種東西稱為crisps。英國(guó)人熟識(shí)而且喜愛(ài)的薯?xiàng)l在大西洋彼岸被稱為Frenchfries。Have還是havegot?在語(yǔ)法上，英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)也有一些區(qū)分。英國(guó)人說(shuō)“Haveyougot...？”，而美國(guó)人更喜愛(ài)說(shuō)“Doyouhave...？”，美國(guó)人可能會(huì)說(shuō)“Myfriendjustarrived”，但是英國(guó)人會(huì)說(shuō)“Myfriendhasjustarrived”。介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下ontheteam,ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam,attheweekend(英式)。英國(guó)人用介詞的地方美國(guó)人有時(shí)候會(huì)省略(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)。Colour還是color?兩種英語(yǔ)的另外兩個(gè)方面的區(qū)分是拼法和發(fā)音。美式英語(yǔ)的拼法看上去更簡(jiǎn)潔一些：center,color和program是美式拼法，而centre,colour和programme是英式拼法。自從400年前第一批移民到來(lái)，有很多因素影響了美式英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音。在美國(guó)東海岸能聽到與英式英語(yǔ)特別相像的腔調(diào)。當(dāng)愛(ài)爾蘭作家喬治·蕭伯納說(shuō)出“英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被同一種語(yǔ)言分開的兩個(gè)民族”這句名言的時(shí)候，他明顯想到了它們的區(qū)分。但是這些區(qū)分真的如此重要嗎？終歸，兩個(gè)國(guó)家境內(nèi)的發(fā)音差別可能跟兩國(guó)之間的發(fā)音差別一樣多。倫敦人要聽懂來(lái)自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說(shuō)話比聽懂紐約人說(shuō)話更難。打開電視機(jī)一些專家信任這兩種語(yǔ)言的種類正在越來(lái)越接近。一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)，大西洋兩岸的溝通穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。自從20世紀(jì)80年頭以來(lái)，隨著衛(wèi)星電視和因特網(wǎng)的運(yùn)用，輕輕一按開關(guān)就能聽到英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)成為可能。專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的溝通已使得英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人相互理解起來(lái)更加簡(jiǎn)潔。但這也導(dǎo)致了大量美式英語(yǔ)單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語(yǔ)，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人認(rèn)為英式英語(yǔ)將會(huì)消逝。然而，假如你打開美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員說(shuō)話都帶著不同的腔調(diào)——美國(guó)的、英國(guó)的、澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟識(shí)的面孔之一——誕生于中國(guó)香港的慕妮塔·讓治派，從小到大說(shuō)的是漢語(yǔ)、旁遮普語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。這種國(guó)際格局表明，在將來(lái)將有很多種“英語(yǔ)”，而不僅僅是主要的兩種。但其實(shí)大家不用擔(dān)憂。無(wú)論在哪里，英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用者們都能彼此理解。課文理解StepⅠFastreadingReadthetextandfinishthequestions.1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?Thepassageismainlyaboutthe_differences_between_British_English_and_American_English.2．Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1A．Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.Para.2B．ThetwovarietiesofEnglisharemovingcloser.Para.3C．Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Para.4D．Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Para.5－7E．Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.答案：Para.1－C；Para.2－D；Para.3－A；Para.4－E；Para.5－7－BStepⅡCarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishmostobviouslydiffer?A．Pronunciation. B．Accent.C．Vocabulary. D．Grammar.答案：C2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．FrenchfriesinAmericaarecalledchipsinBritain.B．Americansuseatorch,butfortheBritish,it'saflashlight.C．ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation.D．WhenyouvisitNewYork,youneedtousethesubway.答案：B3．________have/hasmadeiteasierfortheBritishandAmericanstounderstandeachother.A．Television B．RadioC．TheInternet D．BothAandC答案：D4．WhydosomepeoplebelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappearinthefuture?A．BecauselotsofAmericanwordsandstructureshavepassedintoit.B．BecauseitisnotasusefulasAmericanEnglish.C．Becauseitisnoteasytounderstand.D．Becauseitsspellingismoredifficult.答案：A5．Inthefuture,usersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother________.A．onlyinthesamecountryB．inAmericaC．indifferentcountriesD．inEngland答案：CStepⅢAfterreadingReadthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.BritishandAmericanEnglishdifferinmanyways.Thedifferenceinvocabularyisthemostobvious.Sometimes,thesamewordhasa__1__(slight)differentmeaning,whichcanbe__2__(confuse).Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.Theothertwoareasin__3__thetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspelling__4__(seem)simpler,andmanyfactors__5__(influence)Americanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedthere.Althoughtherearesomany__6__(different),someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingtogether.Theexpertsthinkthisnon-stopcommunicationhasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericans__7__(understand)eachother.Butithasalsoled__8__lotsofAmericanwordsandstructures__9__(pass)intoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.Therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”withtheinternationaldimension.ButthemostimportantthingisthatusersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—__10__theyare.1．slightly2.confusing3.which4.seems5．have_influenced6.differences7.to_understand8.to9．passing10.wherever1eq\a\vs4\al(obviousadj.明顯的，自不待言的)(教材P2)Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.首先最明顯的是在詞匯方面。[歸納拓展]beobvioustosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)……是明顯的/易于理解的Itisobviousthat...明顯……[品讀高考](2024·江蘇)Hetriedtohidehisobviouspleasurefromthemusicteacher.他試圖對(duì)音樂(lè)老師隱藏他明顯的喜悅之情。[經(jīng)典例句]Itmightbeobvioustoyou,butitisn'ttome.這對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)或許很簡(jiǎn)潔理解，但對(duì)我卻并非如此。ItisobviousthatthetwoEnglisheshavemuchincommon.很明顯，這兩種英語(yǔ)有很多共同之處。Obviously,AmericanspellingissimplerthanBritishspelling.很明顯，美式拼法要比英式拼法簡(jiǎn)潔。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Itisobvioustousthatheisnotresponsibleforthismistake.②Dietandexerciseareobviously(obvious)importantifyouwanttoloseweight.③Itisobviousthattheoldmethodcannotmeetnewrequirements.2eq\a\vs4\al(confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的)詞根：confusevt.使困惑；使難以理解派生詞：confusedadj.困惑的；迷惑不解的confusionn．困惑；混淆(教材P2)Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.有時(shí)，同一個(gè)單詞的意思有略微的不同，這會(huì)令人困惑。[歸納拓展](1)confuse...with/and...把……與……混淆(2)beconfusedabout...對(duì)……迷惑不解(3)inconfusion處于混亂狀態(tài)[品讀高考](2024·浙江)Iftheplot,characters,orwordusageisconfusingforyou,youlikelywon'tbeabletorememberwhatyouread.假如故事情節(jié)、人物或詞的用法對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)難以理解，你很可能記不住你讀過(guò)的內(nèi)容。[經(jīng)典例句]Theinstructionsontheboxareveryconfusing.盒子上的運(yùn)用說(shuō)明特別令人費(fèi)解。Don'tconfuseAustriawith/andAustralia.不要把奧地利與澳大利亞弄混了。Ilovelearningnewwords,butI'mconfusedabouthowtorememberthemwell.我喜愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，但是我對(duì)如何很好地記住單詞感到困惑不解。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyconfusingquestions.Iwastotallyconfused,standingthereinconfusion,notknowingwhattodo.他們提了如此多令人費(fèi)解的問(wèn)題，把我難住了，我完全困惑了，茫然地站在那里，全然不知所措。[名師點(diǎn)津]以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的特征，常譯為“令人……的”；以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)人內(nèi)心的感受，常譯為“感到……的”。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Youshouldnotconfuseyourcareerwith/andyourlife.②Helookedatmeinconfusion(confuse)anddidnotanswerthequestion.③Thismathproblemisreallyconfusing(confuse).Manystudentsdon'tunderstandit.④Theconfused(confuse)lookonhisfaceshowsthatheisstillnotclearaboutit.3eq\a\vs4\al(comparevt.比較；比照；比作)派生詞：comparisonn．比較(教材P2)Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:compareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam，attheweekend(British).介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下ontheteam，ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam，attheweekend(英式)。[歸納拓展](1)compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語(yǔ))(2)beyond/withoutcompare無(wú)與倫比，絕無(wú)僅有(3)bycomparison相比之下；相較而言by/incomparisonwithsb./sth.與……相比較[品讀高考](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.數(shù)據(jù)顯示，與不常常閱讀的人相比，常常閱讀的孩子和青少年家里有更多的書、有更多為他們購(gòu)買的書、父母閱讀更頻繁并且父母留出時(shí)間讓他們閱讀。[經(jīng)典例句]Don'tcompareyourstrengthwithothers'weakness，whichismeaningless.不要拿你的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和別人的弱項(xiàng)相比，那沒(méi)有意義。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastageinhiswork.莎士比亞在他的作品中把這個(gè)世界比作舞臺(tái)。Nothingcancomparewithwoolforwarmth.就保暖性能來(lái)說(shuō)，什么東西也比不上羊毛。Herperformanceatyesterday'sconcertwasbeyondcompare.她在昨天音樂(lè)會(huì)中的表演精彩絕倫。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Don'tcompareyourdisadvantageswithhisadvantages.Comparedwithhim,youaremoreeasy-going.Bycomparison,Ithinkmorepeoplewillbewillingtomakefriendswithyou.不要把你的短處和他的特長(zhǎng)相比較。和他相比，你更簡(jiǎn)潔相處。相比之下，我想更多的人會(huì)情愿和你交摯友。[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯與你的房間相比，我的房間小。①Compare(compare)myroomwithyourroom,andIfindmineissmall.②Compared(compare)withyourroom,myroomissmall.③Comparing(compare)myroomwithyours,Ifindmineissmall.④Myroomissmallcompared(compare)withyours.⑤Bycomparison,myroomissmallerthanyours.4eq\a\vs4\al(varietyn.[C]種類，品種；[U]變更，多樣性)詞根：varyv．(使)變更，不同派生詞：variousadj.各種各樣的variationn．變更(教材P2)Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.這兩種英語(yǔ)另外兩個(gè)不同的方面是拼法和發(fā)音。[歸納拓展](1)avarietyof＝varietiesof各種各樣的(2)varyfrom...to...從……到……不同varywith...隨……而變更[品讀高考](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Joinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.和我們一起品嘗各種當(dāng)?shù)氐拇匦率澄锖惋嬃?。[經(jīng)典例句]Avarietyofproductsaresoldatasupermarket.在超市，各種各樣的商品均有出售。Ourcustomsvaryfromplacetoplace.我們的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣因地而異。Pricesvarywiththequality.價(jià)格隨質(zhì)量而變更。Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvariousreasons.由于種種緣由，每個(gè)人到達(dá)聚會(huì)都很晚。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Therearevarious(variety)kindsofwildanimalsinthisarea.②Weddingtraditionsandcustomsvaryfromonecountrytoanother.③Varieties(variety)ofbookshavebeenpublished.5eq\a\vs4\al(differvi.不同，有區(qū)分)派生詞：differentadj.不同的；相異的differencen.不同；區(qū)分(教材P2)Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.這兩種英語(yǔ)另外兩個(gè)不同的方面是拼法和發(fā)音。[歸納拓展](1)differfrom與……不同differin在……方面不同(2)bedifferentfrom...in...在……與……不同(3)tellthedifferencebetween...and...辨別……和……的不同makeadifference有影響，使不相同[品讀高考](2024·江蘇)—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—Ibegtodiffer.Oppositessometimesdoattract.——只有那些共同點(diǎn)多的人才能友好相處?！∥也桓移埻?。不同的人有時(shí)會(huì)相互吸引。[經(jīng)典例句]Thingsintheworlddifferfromeachotherinathousandways.＝Thingsintheworldaredifferentfromeachotherinathousandways.世界上的事物是千差萬(wàn)別的。Comparethetwopicturesandtellthedifferencebetweenthem.比較一下這兩幅畫，辨別出它們之間的不同。Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.差之毫厘，謬以千里。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Thoughtheyaretwins,theyhavemanydifferences.Firstofall,theydifferinhobbies.JimlikesplayingfootballwhileTomenjoysplayingchess.Inaddition,theyaredifferentfromeachotherinshape.JimistallandfatwhileTomisshortandthin.雖然他們是雙胞胎，但他們有很多不同之處。首先，他們的愛(ài)好不同。吉姆喜愛(ài)踢足球，而湯姆喜愛(ài)下棋。此外，他們體形不同。吉姆又高又胖，而湯姆又矮又瘦。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thesetwobooksdifferincolour—oneisredandtheotherisblue.②Ourvillageisverydifferent(difference)fromwhatitwasbefore.③Thebehaviorofparentsmakesagreatdifference(different)tothechildren.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())have...incommon在……方面有相同之處，有相同的特點(diǎn)(教材P1)WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays,exceptofcourse,language.當(dāng)然除了語(yǔ)言，我們的確和美國(guó)一切都是相同的。[歸納拓展]1havemuchalot/something/everything/nothingincommonwith有很多/一些/全部/沒(méi)有共同之處incommon共同的；共同享有的；共同運(yùn)用的incommonwith和……一樣；有共同之處2commonpractice慣例,commonsense/knowledge常識(shí)[品讀高考](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.他們和我毫無(wú)共同之處。[經(jīng)典例句]Thoughtheyarebrothers,theyhavenothingincommonwithoneanother.雖然他們是兄弟，但他們并沒(méi)有共同之處。AsfarasIknow,thisiscommonpracticeinmanycountries.就我所知，在很多國(guó)家這是慣例。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Itiscommonsensethatfriendsshouldhavealotincommon.IncommonwithhisfriendTom，Jimlikesplayingbasketball.Inotherwords,theytwohaveacommoninterest.摯友之間應(yīng)當(dāng)有很多共同點(diǎn)，這是常識(shí)。和他的摯友湯姆一樣，吉姆喜愛(ài)打籃球。換句話說(shuō)，他們兩個(gè)有共同的愛(ài)好。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Iftwopeoplehavenothingincommon,exchangingafewwordscanbedifficult.②Incommonwithmanycountries,Britainhasseriousenvironmentalproblems.③我們應(yīng)當(dāng)拋開分歧，探討一下我們有共同點(diǎn)的事情。Weshouldputasideourdifferencesanddiscussthethingswehaveincommon.④游泳是最好的熬煉方式之一是常識(shí)。It'scommonknowledgethatswimmingisoneofthebestformsofexercise.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(getaround四處走動(dòng)，到處旅行；消息，謠言等傳播，流傳)(教材P2)．..maybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．……你或許情愿乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)巡游城市。[歸納拓展]eq\x(\a\al(getalong/onwith與……相處,getdowntodoingsth.起先仔細(xì)做某事,getthrough通過(guò)；熬過(guò)困難時(shí)期等；撥通電話,getover克服；從疾病、驚恐等中復(fù)原過(guò)來(lái)))[品讀高考](2012·廣東)AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.他來(lái)自紐約市的消息很快傳開了。[經(jīng)典例句]Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,whilebadnewsgetsaroundquickly.好事不出門，壞事傳千里。Weshouldletbygonesbebygonesandtrytogetalongwitheachother.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)不計(jì)前嫌，彼此和諧相處。That'senoughfunandgames!Let'sgetdowntowork.別再玩兒了！咱們安下心來(lái)工作吧。Irangyouseveraltimesbutwasn'tabletogetthrough.我給你打了幾次電話，但沒(méi)有打通。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)NewsgetsaroundthatTomdidn'tgetthroughthecollegeentranceexamination.Ithinkitistimethatheshouldgetdowntohisstudy.Aslongashetrieshisbest,hecangetoverallthedifficultiesinstudy.湯姆高考失利的消息傳開了。我認(rèn)為到了他該仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了。只要他盡全力，他就能克服學(xué)習(xí)上的全部困難。[即學(xué)即練]用get的適當(dāng)短語(yǔ)填空①Imustgetdowntoworktonight,astheexamsstartnextweek.②ItisdifficultforTomtogetaroundtodaybecausehebrokehislegyesterday.③Wemustgetoverourshortcomingsandmistakesinourwork.3eq\a\vs4\al(leadto引起，導(dǎo)致；通向)(教材P3)ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.但它也導(dǎo)致了大量的美式單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語(yǔ)中，以至于現(xiàn)在一些人認(rèn)為英式英語(yǔ)將會(huì)消逝。[歸納拓展]leadsb.to/into...帶領(lǐng)某人到/進(jìn)入……leadsb.todosth.使得某人做某事leada．..life過(guò)……的生活leadtheway帶路takethelead帶頭，領(lǐng)先[品讀高考](2024·天津)Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.報(bào)虛假的火警是違法的，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致監(jiān)禁。[經(jīng)典例句]AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。Couldyoudomeafavorandleadmetothebusstation?你能幫個(gè)忙帶領(lǐng)我去公共汽車站嗎？Hisactionsleadmetodistrusthim.他的行為使我不信任他。Hedecidedtoleadamoresettledlifewithhispartner.他確定和愛(ài)人一起過(guò)一種更加安定的生活。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Withhimleadingtheway,wegottherewithoutanydifficulty.Butforhim,wewouldhavebeenlost,whichwouldleadtoseriousconsequences.Hisactionledustobelievethathewasourtruefriend.有他帶路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地到達(dá)了那里。要不是他，我們就有可能迷路了，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)峻的后果。他的行為使我們信任他是我們真正的摯友。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hardworkleadstosuccesswhilelazinessleadstofailing(fail)theexam.②Whatledyouto_believe(believe)thefalsenews?③我希望我的孩子能過(guò)上比我更好的生活。Ihopemyoffspringcanleadabetterlifethanme.④你帶路，我隨后。YouleadthewayandI'llfollowyou.⑤只要你來(lái)帶頭，這件事就好辦了。Thiscanbeeasilyarrangedifyouwilltakethelead.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Itdoesn'tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老師講英式英語(yǔ)還是講美式英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有太大的差別。本句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，以保持句子平衡。[歸納拓展]1作為形式主語(yǔ)的it并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)義，只是為滿意語(yǔ)法上的須要，避開句子頭重腳輕。2it作形式主語(yǔ)，除了代替主語(yǔ)從句外，還可以代替不定式或v.-ing形式。[品讀高考](2024·江蘇)It'sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.真驚奇，他竟然沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)主子的允許就拿走了這些書。[經(jīng)典例句]Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouwinornotandthemostimportantthingistotakepart.輸贏不重要，重在參加。ItisclearthatlearningEnglishwellisveryimportanttous.明顯，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。Itishardtopleaseall.眾口難調(diào)。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①It'snousestaying(stay)upsolateifyoudon'tdevoteyourselftoyourstudy.②Itisclearthathewassufferinggreatpainwhenhetalked.③Sometimesitisbetterto_remain(remain)silent.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'satorch.美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人卻叫它torch。本句中while作并列連詞，連接前后的并列分句，表示對(duì)比，意為“而；然而”。[歸納拓展]while除作并列連詞外，還有以下用法：1while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，多位于句首，意為“盡管，雖然”；2while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)必需用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；3while引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“只要”。[品讀高考](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.過(guò)去25年，玉米產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了近125%，而大米產(chǎn)量?jī)H增長(zhǎng)了7%。[經(jīng)典例句]WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.盡管我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但我還是能看到他的缺點(diǎn)。Whilethediscussionwasstillgoingon,Georgecamein.當(dāng)探討還在進(jìn)行時(shí)，喬治走了進(jìn)來(lái)。Whilethereislife,thereishope.留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①他喜愛(ài)打籃球，而我喜愛(ài)聽音樂(lè)。Helikesplayingbasketball,whileIlikelisteningtomusic.②當(dāng)他讀報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，他聽到有人敲門。Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,_heheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.③雖然這些問(wèn)題很難，但是我能解決它們。Whiletheproblemsaredifficult,_Icansolvethem.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())Thenon-stopcommunication，theexpertsthink，hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的溝通使英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人彼此理解起來(lái)更加簡(jiǎn)潔。本句中“madeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother”為“make＋it＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的賓語(yǔ)。[歸納拓展]1當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句等作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的句型主要有：①make＋it＋adj./n.＋forsb.todosth.②make＋it＋nouse/nogood＋doing③make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句2常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等。[品讀高考](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.政府已經(jīng)允許該公司運(yùn)用特別材料，使飛機(jī)更簡(jiǎn)潔飛行。[經(jīng)典例句]Therainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinishtheworkontime.大雨使我們更難按時(shí)完成工作。Wethoughtitnouseexplainingtohimwhathappened.我們認(rèn)為向他說(shuō)明清晰發(fā)生了什么事情沒(méi)有用處。Wedon'tthinkitrightthatac