Python編程基礎(chǔ) 習題答案 袁連海 - 第5-8章

?PAGE7?附錄各章習題參考答案附錄各章習題參考答案第5章習題參考答案一、判斷題答案：正確（√）正確（√）錯誤（×）正確（√）二、填空題答案：任何不可變互不相同鍵，值1，3{1,3,5}三、選擇題答案：AACCB,C,DDC,DA,B,C,D,GBA四、編程題答案：1.斐波那契數(shù)列：deffibonacci(n):fib_sequence=[0,1]whilelen(fib_sequence)<n:fib_sequence.append(fib_sequence[-1]+fib_sequence[-2])returnfib_sequenceprint(fibonacci(10))2.單詞排序：words=input("請輸入若干個單詞，用空格分隔：").split()words_sorted=sorted(words)print(words_sorted)3.列表增加10：numbers=[1,2,3,4,5]numbers=[x+10forxinnumbers]print(numbers)4.字典值增加5：d={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}forkeyind:d[key]+=5print(d)5.列表元素乘以2：original_list=[1,2,3,4,5]new_list=[x*2forxinoriginal_list]print(new_list)6.大寫轉(zhuǎn)小寫：s="HelloWorld!"lowercase_s=s.lower()print(lowercase_s)7.列表最大值和最小值：nums=[1,3,5,2,4]max_value=max(nums)min_value=min(nums)print((max_value,min_value))8.列表交替合并：list1=[1,2,3]list2=['a','b','c']merged_list=[xforpairinzip(list1,list2)forxinpair]print(merged_list)9.列表排序：tt=[4,2,5,1,3]print(sorted(tt))print(sorted(tt,reverse=True))10.列表反轉(zhuǎn)：tt=[4,2,5,1,3]print(tt[::-1])print(list(reversed(tt)))11.數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)中文大寫：defnum_to_chinese(num):chinese_num={'0':'零','1':'壹','2':'貳','3':'叁','4':'肆','5':'伍','6':'陸','7':'柒','8':'捌','9':'玖','.':'點'}chinese_str=''forcharinstr(num):chinese_str+=chinese_num[char]returnchinese_strprint(num_to_chinese(1.23))12.隨機生成整數(shù)列表：importrandomrandom_numbers=[random.randint(1,100)for_inrange(10)]print(random_numbers)

第6章習題參考答案一、判斷題答案：正確（√）正確（√）正確（√）錯誤（×）二、填空題答案：openevalxml.etree.ElementTreejson三、選擇題答案：ABDADCAAAA四、編程題答案：1.單詞出現(xiàn)次數(shù)統(tǒng)計：fromcollectionsimportCounterwithopen('filename.txt','r')asfile:text=file.read()words=text.split()word_counts=Counter(words)forword,countinword_counts.most_common():print(word,count)2.存儲和讀取JSON數(shù)據(jù)：importjsondata={'key':'value'}withopen('data.json','w')asfile:json.dump(data,file)withopen('data.json','r')asfile:new_data=json.load(file)print(new_data)3.讀取整數(shù)排序輸出：withopen('input.txt','r')asinfile,open('sorted_output.txt','w')asoutfile:sorted_numbers=[]forlineininfile:numbers=list(map(int,line.split()))sorted_numbers.extend(sorted(numbers))fornumberinsorted(sorted_numbers):outfile.write(f"{number}")outfile.write("\n")4.奇數(shù)偶數(shù)分離：odd_numbers=[]even_numbers=[]withopen('input.txt','r')asinfile,open('odd_output.txt','w')asoddfile,open('even_output.txt','w')asevenfile:forlineininfile:numbers=list(map(int,line.split()))oddfile.write(''.join(str(x)forxinnumbersifx%2!=0)+'\n')evenfile.write(''.join(str(x)forxinnumbersifx%2==0)+'\n')5.字符串排序輸出：withopen('input.txt','r')asinfile,open('sorted_output.txt','w')asoutfile:sorted_strings=[]forlineininfile:strings=line.split()sorted_strings.extend(sorted(strings))forstringinsorted_strings:outfile.write(f"{string}")outfile.write("\n")6.打印文件內(nèi)容：withopen('filename.txt','r')asfile:print(file.read())7.保存文件內(nèi)容到新文件：withopen('filename.txt','r')asinfile,open('new_filename.txt','w')asoutfile:outfile.write(infile.read())8.創(chuàng)建并寫入文本文件：withopen('newfile.txt','w')asfile:file.write("這里是一些文本內(nèi)容。")9.計算某一行的長度：withopen('filename.txt','r')asfile:fori,lineinenumerate(file,1):print(f"第{i}行的長度是：{len(line)}")10.反轉(zhuǎn)每行內(nèi)容：withopen('input.txt','r')asinfile,open('reversed_output.txt','w')asoutfile:forlineininfile:outfile.write(''.join(reversed(line))+'\n')11.計算每列平均值：withopen('data.txt','r')asfile:lines=file.readlines()num_lines=len(lines)num_columns=len(lines[0].strip().split(','))totals=[0]*num_columnsforlineinlines:values=line.strip().split(',')fori,valueinenumerate(values):totals[i]+=float(value)averages=[total/num_linesfortotalintotals]print(averages)12.提取CSV文件中的姓名和年齡：importcsvwithopen('users.csv','r')asfile:reader=csv.DictReader(file)forrowinreader:print(f"姓名：{row['name']},年齡：{row['age']}")13.保存用戶信息到新的CSV文件：importcsvdata=[]withopen('users.csv','r')asfile:reader=csv.DictReader(file)forrowinreader:data.append({'name':row['name'],'age':row['age']})withopen('new_users.csv','w',newline='')asfile:writer=csv.DictWriter(file,fieldnames=['name','age'])writer.writeheader()writer.writerows(data)14.讀取二進制文件并轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進制字符串：withopen('binaryfile.bin','rb')asfile:binary_data=file.read()hex_string=binary_data.hex()print(hex_string)15.寫入二進制數(shù)據(jù)到新文件：withopen('binaryfile.bin','rb')asinfile,open('new_binaryfile.bin','wb')asoutfile:binary_data=infile.read()outfile.write(binary_data)第7章習題參考答案一、判斷題答案：正確（√）錯誤（×）正確（√）正確（√）二、填空題答案：defimportintif三、選擇題答案：ACABBADACBDCD四、編程題答案：1.簡單計算器：defcalculator():num1=float(input("請輸入第一個數(shù)字："))num2=float(input("請輸入第二個數(shù)字："))operator=input("請輸入操作符（+、-、*、/）：")ifoperator=='+':print(f"{num1}+{num2}={num1+num2}")elifoperator=='-':print(f"{num1}-{num2}={num1-num2}")elifoperator=='*':print(f"{num1}*{num2}={num1*num2}")elifoperator=='/':ifnum2!=0:print(f"{num1}/{num2}={num1/num2}")else:print("除數(shù)不能為0")else:print("無效的操作符")calculator()2.簡單日歷：importcalendardefprint_calendar(year,month):cal=calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.SUNDAY)print(cal.formatmonth(year,month))year=int(input("請輸入年份："))month=int(input("請輸入月份："))print_calendar(year,month)3.石頭、剪刀、布游戲：importrandomdefrock_paper_scissors():user_choice=int(input("請輸入手勢（1-石頭，2-剪刀，3-布）："))choices=["石頭","剪刀","布"]computer_choice=random.choice(choices)print(f"電腦出的手勢是：{computer_choice}")ifuser_choice==1andcomputer_choice=="布":print("你贏了！")elifuser_choice==2andcomputer_choice=="石頭":print("你贏了！")elifuser_choice==3andcomputer_choice=="剪刀":print("你贏了！")elifuser_choice==1andcomputer_choice=="剪刀":print("你輸了！")elifuser_choice==2andcomputer_choice=="布":print("你輸了！")elifuser_choice==3andcomputer_choice=="石頭":print("你輸了！")else:print("平局！")rock_paper_scissors()4.猜數(shù)字游戲：importrandomdefguess_number():number=random.randint(1,100)whileTrue:try:guess=int(input("猜一個1到100之間的數(shù)字："))ifguess<number:print("太小了，再試一次。")elifguess>number:print("太大了，再試一次。")else:print("恭喜你，猜對了！")breakexceptValueError:print("請輸入一個有效的整數(shù)。")guess_number()5.簡單文本編輯器：deftext_editor():filename=input("請輸入文件名：")try:withopen(filename,'r')asfile:content=file.read()print("文件內(nèi)容如下：")print(content)add_content=input("請輸入要添加的文本內(nèi)容：")withopen(filename,'a')asfile:file.write(add_content+"\n")print("內(nèi)容已添加并保存。")exceptFileNotFoundError:print(f"文件{filename}未找到。")text_editor()6.簡單電子郵件客戶端：importsmtplibdefsend_email():sender=input("請輸入發(fā)件人地址：")receiver=input("請輸入收件人地址：")subject=input("請輸入郵件主題：")body=input("請輸入郵件正文：")print(f"郵件發(fā)送成功！發(fā)件人：{sender}，收件人：{receiver}，主題：{subject}，正文：{body}")send_email()7.面向?qū)ο缶幊潭鄳B(tài)性示例：classCar:defrun(self):print("汽車正在行駛。")classBYD(Car):defrun(self):print("比亞迪汽車正在行駛。")classCHANGCHENG(Car):defrun(self):print("長城汽車正在行駛。")classPerson:defuse_car(self,car):car.run()person=Person()byd_car=BYD()changcheng_car=CHANGCHENG()person.use_car(byd_car)person.use_car(changcheng_car)第8章習題參考答案一、判斷題答案：正確（√）正確（√）錯誤（×）正確（√）二、填空題答案：ndarrayDataFramelmplot或distplotfigure三、選擇題答案：DDAACABBDD四、編程題答案：1.繪制正12邊形：importturtledefdraw_12_sides():turtle.pensize(2)foriinrange(1,13):#1turtle.fd(40)#2turtle.right(30)#3turtle.done()draw_12_sides()2.輸出實心菱形圖案：foriinrange(1,5):print(''*(4-i)+'*'*(2*i-1))foriinrange(1,5):print(''*i+'*'*(8-2*i))3.繪制柱狀圖：importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltmonth=['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun']sales=[120,90,150,180,80,110]plt.bar(month,sales)plt.show()4.讀取并打印CSV文件數(shù)據(jù)：importcsvfilename='data.csv'withopen(filename,newline='')ascsvfile:reader=csv.reader(csvfile)forrowinreader:print(row)5.創(chuàng)建并保存帶文字的圖像：fromPILimportImage,ImageDraw,ImageFontimg=Image.new('RGB',(300,200),color='white')d=ImageDraw.Draw(img)font=ImageFont.load_default()d.text((50,50),'Hello,world!',fill=(0,0,0),font=font)img.save('hello_world.png')6.生成數(shù)組并計算統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)：importnumpyasnpdata=np.random.randint(1,100,100)print("最小值:",np.min(data))print("最大值:",np.max(data))print("平均值:",np.mean(data))print("中位數(shù):",np.median(data))7.讀取Excel、排序并寫入新的Excel：importpandasaspddf=pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')df_sorted=df.sort_values(by=df.columns[0])df_sorted.to_excel('sorted_data.xlsx',index=False)8.繪制正弦曲線并保存：importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportnumpyasnpx=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)y=np.sin(x)plt.plot(x,y)plt.savefig('sin_wave.png')plt.show()9.加載Iris數(shù)據(jù)集、KMeans聚類并可視化：fromsklearn.datasetsimportload_irisfromsklearn.clusterimportKMeansimportmatplotlib.pyplotaspltiris=load_iris()kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=3)kmeans.fit(iris.data)plt.scatter(iris.data[:,2],iris.data[:,3],c=kmeans.labels_)plt.show()10.計算文本文件中單詞出現(xiàn)次數(shù)：fromcollectionsimportCounterwithopen('test.txt','r')asfile:text=file.read().lower()words=text.split()word_counts=Counter(words)print(word_counts)11.輸出用戶輸入數(shù)字的平方：num=float(input("請輸入一個數(shù)字："))print(f"{num}的平方是{num**2}")12.返回字符串反轉(zhuǎn)：defreverse_string(s):returns[::-1]input_string="Hello,World!"print(reverse_string(input_string))13.打印1到100之間的所有素數(shù)：defis_prime(num):ifnum<2:returnFalseforiinrange(2,int(num**0.5)+1):ifnum%i==0:returnFalsereturnTrueforiinrange(1,101):ifis_prime(i):print(i)14.計算列表平均值：defaverage(lst):returnsum(lst)/len(lst)numbers=[1,2,3,4,5]print(average(numbers))15.計算CSV文件每列平均值：importpandasaspddf=pd.read_csv('data.csv')averages=df.mean()print(averages)16.找出最早的日期：fromdatetimeimportdatetimedates=["2024-06-17","2024-06-16","2024-06-18"]earliest_date=min(dates,key=datetime.strptime)print(earliest_date)17.計算正弦、余弦和正切值：importmathangle=float(input("請輸入一個角度（弧度）："))print(f"正弦值：{math.sin(angle)}")print(f"余弦值：{math.cos(angle)}")print(f"正切值：{math.tan(angle)}")18.生成隨機矩陣并計算轉(zhuǎn)置：importnumpyasnpmatrix=np.random.rand(5,5)print("原始矩陣：")print(matrix)print("轉(zhuǎn)置矩陣：")print(matrix.T)19.繪制折線圖：importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltx=[1,2,3,4,5]y=[2,3,5,7,11]plt.plot(x,y)plt.show()20.計算CSV文件每列唯一值數(shù)量：importpandasaspddf=pd.read_csv('data.csv')unique_counts=df.nunique()print(unique_counts)21.計算股票的平均價格和最高價格：importpanda