句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentence講解

句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentenceI

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)Membersofasentence主語(yǔ)subject謂語(yǔ)predicate賓語(yǔ)object表語(yǔ)predicative賓補(bǔ)complement定語(yǔ)attribute狀語(yǔ)adverbial同位語(yǔ)appositive句子的主干成分：句子的次要成分：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”1.主語(yǔ)

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.-名詞-代詞-數(shù)詞-動(dòng)名詞-不定式主語(yǔ)在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.句首Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.3.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.4.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.5.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.挑出下列句中的主語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞。主謂要一致2.謂語(yǔ)

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.JanelovesChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.謂語(yǔ)在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.主語(yǔ)的后面A.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.B.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)①由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。②由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)。1.Youmaykeep

thebookfortwoweeks.2.Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.Wearestudents.

Yourideasoundsgreat.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：canmaywillcouldshould…助動(dòng)詞：be+doinghave/hasdonedo,does,did,don't,didn't由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。1.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.2.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.3.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.

4.Iwouldstayathomeallday.5.Hashecomeback?6.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime挑出下列句中謂語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作或行為的對(duì)象說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”3.賓語(yǔ)

CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.A

B

C

D賓語(yǔ)在哪里I

bought

acomputer

lastweek.ABCD賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語(yǔ)TomteachesusEnglish.雙賓語(yǔ)Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人.及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞Isawhimlastweek.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.Shelookat

theblackboardcarefully.He

listenedto

histeacherinclass.不及物動(dòng)詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:及物動(dòng)詞是后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:如果要加賓語(yǔ),就要靠一個(gè)介詞來(lái)幫助:

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn’tdonehishomewrk.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動(dòng)詞之后4.表語(yǔ)Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞

感官系動(dòng)詞

變化系動(dòng)詞

持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞

表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等表示主語(yǔ)變化，become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay等系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be。持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。感官系動(dòng)詞

主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。Iam

hungry.Healwayskept

silentatmeeting.Hebecamemadafterthat.找出表語(yǔ)Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修飾名詞或代詞,定語(yǔ)起類(lèi)似于形容詞的修飾作用5.定語(yǔ)She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定語(yǔ)Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、頻率、伴隨、目的等。6.狀語(yǔ)ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.②Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.

③Herunsveryslowly.

④Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.

（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）（修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）①Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ))找出狀語(yǔ)He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D指出下列畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分屬于什么狀語(yǔ)1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.4.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.

6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.8.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.伴隨狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)程度狀語(yǔ)9.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

10.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.11.Iamtallerthanheis.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)比較狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況

7.

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出賓補(bǔ)

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞，對(duì)前者加以解釋和說(shuō)明，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。

8.