細菌生長繁殖的規(guī)律王利沙Thelawsofbacterialgrowthandreproducti

細菌生長繁殖的規(guī)律主講老師：王利沙ThelawsofbacterialgrowthandreproductionWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護理職業(yè)學院細菌個體的生長繁殖規(guī)律Thegrowthandreproductionpatternsofindividualbacteria

二分裂：

核質(zhì)DNA復制，細胞成分增加，

胞體增大，細胞開始分裂。

Twosplits:

NuclearcytoplasmicDNAreplicationleads

toanincreaseincellularcomponents,

enlargementofthecellbody,andinitiation

ofcelldivision.

核質(zhì)DNANucleocytoplasmicDNADNA復制

DNAreplication細胞伸長

Cellelongation形成隔膜Formadiaphragm分裂成兩個子細胞Splitintotwodaughtercells

代時：細菌分裂倍增的時間。

Generationtime:thetimewhenbacteria

divideandmultiply.

將一定數(shù)量的細菌接種于適宜的液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)，

間隔一定時間取樣檢測活菌數(shù)，繪制細菌的生長曲線。

Inoculateacertainnumberofbacteriaintoasuitableliquidculturemediumforcultivation,

take

samplesatregularintervalstodetectthenumberofviablebacteria,andplotthegrowth

curveofthebacteria.遲緩期Delayedperiod

細菌不分裂，菌數(shù)不增加，代謝活躍為細菌的分裂做準備。Bacteriadonotdivide,thenumberofbacteriadoesnotincrease,andmetabolicactivitypreparesforbacterialdivision.對數(shù)期Logarithmicperiod細菌生長繁殖迅速，形態(tài)、染色性、生物活性都很典型。

Bacteriagrowandreproducerapidly,withtypicalmorphology,staining,andbiologicalactivity.穩(wěn)定期Stableperiod細菌繁殖速度下降，繁殖數(shù)和死亡數(shù)趨于平衡，產(chǎn)生芽胞和代謝產(chǎn)物。Thespeedofbacterialreproductiondecreases,andthenumberofreproductionanddeathtendstobalance,producingsporesandmetabolites.衰退期Declineperiod細菌繁殖速度變慢，死亡數(shù)>繁殖數(shù)，菌體畸變。Thespeedofbacterialreproductionslowsdown,thenumberofdeathsexceedsthenumberofreproduction,andthebacterialcellsbecomedistorted.觀察細菌的形態(tài)、代謝、遺傳性狀和測定藥物或環(huán)境因素對細菌的影響，宜采用對數(shù)生長末期的細菌；Observingthemorphology,metabolism,genetictraitsofbacteriaanddeterminingtheeffectsofdrugsorenvironmentalfactorsonbacteria,itisadvisabletousebacteriaattheendoflogarithmicgrowth.計數(shù)細菌的最大生長量，應采用穩(wěn)定期的培養(yǎng)物。Themaximumgrowthrateofbacteriashouldbecountedusingstableculture.研究意義Researchmeaning細菌生長曲線只有在體外人工培養(yǎng)的條件下才能觀察到。Thebacterialgrowthcurvecanonlybeobservedunderartificialcultivationconditionsinvitro.注意Note在自然界或人類、動物體內(nèi)，細菌的生長繁殖情況復雜，并不存在典型的生長曲線。Thegrowthandreproductionof