人教版（2019）高二英語下學(xué)期期末測試模擬卷（含答案）

人教版（2019）高中英語選擇性必修第四冊期末測試模擬卷（本試卷滿分120分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABigSpaceEventsToPutInYourCalendarFor2022MAY—CHINA*SPACESTATIONGETSBIGGERMaywillseethelaunchofanewmodulefortheTiangongspacestation,China's"Palaceinthesky”.Itsfirstcoremodule,TianhewaslaunchedlastApril.ThenextmodulewillbeWentian,alaboratoryexpectedtolaunchbetweenMayandJune.Itwillalsoserveasabackupcoremoduleandtheplacewherefuturespacewalksfromthetaikonautswilltakeplace.Itwillbefollowedbyasecondlaboratorymodule,Mengtian,inAugust-September.JUNE—INDIA'SSPACECRAFTTAKESITSFIRSTFLIGHTISRO,theIndianSpaceResearchOrganization,hasannouncedthatGaganyaan（whichtranslatestoSkyCraft）willhaveisfirstunscrewedfightinJune.ThecraftispannedtobeakeyvehicleintheIndianHumanSpaceflightProgramand,allgoingwellinthistest;itwillbefollowedbyacrewedtestnextyear.JULY—RUSSIAEYESTHEMOONAGAINRussia'sLunaprogramhadmanysuccesseswithlanders,rovers,andevensamplereturns,andLuna25isexpectedtofollowinthattraditionaccordingtoRussianSpaceAgency,Roscomos.ThemissionthisfineisjustalanderexpectedtotouchdownneartheLunarSouthPolewithinstrumentsdesignedtostudythesoil.ThelocationmightbeapossibleareaofinterestforapermanentbaseontheMoon.AUGUST—MORELUNARMISSIONSAugustwillseethelaunchoftheKoreaPathfinderLunarOrbiter,apannedlunarorbiterbytheKoreaAerospaceResearchInstitute（KARI）.ThiswillbethefirstKoreanLunarMission,atechnologydemonstrationforKARI.Whichcountrywillcarryoutmultiplespacetasksthisyear?A.China. B.India. C.Russia. D.KoreaWhatdoweknowaboutLuna25?A.Itwilloperateinlowlunarorbit. B.ItwilltakealandontheMoon.C.Itwillserveasapermanentbase. D.Itwilltakeitsfirstcrewedflight.WhenisthefirstKoreanLunarMissionscheduled?A.InMay. B.InJune. C.InJuly. D.InAugustBArecentstoryintheWallStreetJournalnewspaperlookedatstudentswhowenttocelebrateduniversitiessuchasColumbiaandNewYorkUniversity,foradvanceddegreesinsubjectslikeart,filmandevensocialwork.Manyofthestudentssaidtheylearnedalot.However,whentheygraduated,theyweredeepindebtanddidnotthinktheywouldfindworkthatwouldletthempaybacktheirloans.StudentssaidtheyspokewithColumbiaaboutthehighcostofadvancedartsdegreesbutneverreceivedareasonableanswer.Educationexpertssaytheschoolisverywealthy,withlargefunds.TheUniversity,however,preferstoaskthestudentstopaythefullcost.KevinCareyisahighereducationexpertforNewAmerica,apublicpolicyresearchcenter.Hecalledmaster'sdegrees"ascam“inaconversation."Chargingpeopleatonofmoneytogointoanyartisticcareerisoftensuperproblematic,hesaid.CastilloisanactorinNewYorkCity.HeearnedanMFAfromTheActorsStudioinNewYorkCity.WashisMFAworththecost?"Idothinkitwasworthit.Idon'tputapricetagonmyeducationormyexperience.Ithinkit'ssortofunfortunatethatsomanypeopletakeeducationforgranted.Castillosaidstudentswhoarethinkingaboutanadvanceddegreeinartshouldbesuretheyaredoingitbecausetheyvaluetheeducation,notbecausetheywantmoneyortobefamous.PlazinskaisafilmmakerinNewYorkCity.SheattendedgraduateschoolbothatBaylorUniversityinTexasandattheUniversityofLowa.Artsgraduateprogramscanhelpstudentsmeetandmakefriendswithfellowartistswithwhomtheycanworkthroughouttheircareers.Forschooltobeofvalue,studentsneedtorememberwhytheystartedmakingartinthebeginning."It'sjustforthepurepleasureofcreatingandfulfillingmyselfthisway.”What'stheproblemforstudentsinfamousuniversitiesforartadvanceddegrees?A.Theycan'ttakeloans. B.Theycan'tfindanywork.C.Theymaybeheavilyindebt. D.Theymaydropoutofuniversity.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scam"inparagraph3mean?A.Way. B.Trick. C.Skill. D.Game.WhatdoesCastillothinkofhisMFA?A.Hethinkshighlyofit. B.It'sawasteofmoney.C.Hetakesitforgranted. D.Itbringshimfameandmoney.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Artsgraduateprogramsensureapromisingfuture.Studentshadbetterconsiderwhethertheycanaffordthefee.Artsgraduateprogramsintroducecelebrityartiststotheirstudents.Studentsshouldsticktotheiroriginalpurposeswhilelearning.COxygen,I'msureyou'dagree,isprettyimportantforlifeonEarth.Webreatheitin,ourcellssurviveonitandwithoutit,wehardlylive.Basically,allmulticellularlifeonEarthevolvedovermillionsofyearstomakeuseofoxygen.Buttakeadeepbreath,becauseweneedtotalkaboutHenneguyasalminicola,atinyparasite（寄生蟲）containingfewerthan100cellsthatliveswithinthemuscletissueofsalmon,alargefishwithsilverskinandpinkflesh.Thestrange-lookingparasitedoesnotbusyitselfwithsuchsmallmattersasbreathingoxygen.Nope,itseemsthatH.salminicolaisthefirstmulticellularanimalwe'vefoundthatsurviveswithoutthestuff.“Aerobicrespiration（有氧口乎吸）wasthoughttobecommonlyfoundinanimals,butnowweconfirmedthatthisisnotthecase,“saidDorotheeHuchon,azoologistatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael,inapressrelease.Huchonandateamofinternationalresearchersexaminedandsequenced（排序）allof.salmincola’sgenesintheirstudy,publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Theyfoundthattheparasite,whichiscloselyrelatedtojellyfish,lackstheDNAmachinerynecessaryto“breathe'Mtdoesn't'havemitochondria（線粒體）,oftencalledthe"powerhouse"ofthecell,becausetheyuseoxygentomakeenergy.It'slikealittlefactoryinsidealmostallcells,andDNAdetectivescanfindmitochondrialgenesduringsequencing.Thediscoverycameassomethingofanaccidentfortheteam,whowereexaminingthegenome(thecompletesetofgenes)ofthespecies.Whentheywentsearchingforthemitochondrialgenes,theycameupempty-handed."Ourdiscoveryshowsthatevolutioncangoinstrangedirections,Huchonsaid."Aerobicrespirationisamajorsourceofenergy,andyetwefoundananimalthatgaveupthisimportantpathway.”Somesingle-celledlifeformshaveevolvedtheabilitytosurvivewithoutoxygenanddonothavemitochondria,either.Plentyofbacteriacanexistwithoutoxygenatall.Insteadofoxygen,theygettheirenergyfromfernentation(發(fā)酵)oruseothermoleculeslikeiron.ButhowH.salminicolaproducesenergyisstillunclear.Huchonsuggestsitcoulddrawoxygenfromthecellsinsalmonoritcouldhaveevolvedsimilarmethodstothoseofsingle-celledorganismswhichscientistshavedocumentedinthepast.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutHenneguyasalminicola?A.Itisananimalconsistingofacell.B.Itcanstillsurvivewithoutoxygen.C.Ittakesonanormalappearance.D.Ithasalongerlifespanthansalmon.29.Whatisthemainfunctionofmitochondria?A.Tomakecellsbreathefast.B.Tohelptoproduceoxygen.C.Toprovideenergyforcells.D.Tohelpcellsabsorboxygen.HowdidHuchonprobablyfeelaboutthediscovery?A.Interested. B.Satisfied. C.Astonished. D.Frightened.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Thenaturalevolutionofanimalcells B.DifferentkindsoflifeformsonearthC.Aresearchonsingle-celledorganisms D.Acreaturethatdoesn'tbreatheoxygenDInthesedaysofinformationoverload,it'sneverbeenmoreimportanttokeeptrackofandbackupyourdata.Theproblemisthatdigitalstoragedoesn'tlastforever.Harddisksfail,phonestumbleoutofourpockets,andtabletsarebeatenupbygrandchildren.Thisiswhyitisimportanttothinkcarefullyaboutyourback-upstrategy.Onlineback-upsareeasier,arguably.Allofthebigtechplayershaveonlinestorageyoucantreatlikeyourownharddisk.GooglehasGoogleDrive,ApplehasiCloud,andMicrosofthasOneDrive.Allyouhavetodoisdownloadtheappforserviceyouwanttousetoyourcomputerorphone.MostCloudstorageappsevenhavetheoptiontoautomaticallyuploadyourcameraroll,sowhenyoutakenewphotosthey511besentuptotheCloudassoonasyouconnecttowifi.Offlinestorageisslightlytrickier.LookingafterCloudfilesisGoogle5sorMicrosoft'sproblem.Butoffline,figuringoutwhatequipmenttobuyissomethingyouneedtofigureoutforyourself.ThemostobviousoptionistobuyaportableUSBharddrive.Justplugitintoyourcomputerandyoucancopyimportantfilestoit.Thisisdefinitelyabetterapproachthandoingabsolutelynothing,butthere5sstillaproblem:ifyourback-updrivefails,youstillloseeverything.Thisiswhyifyou5reseriousaboutbackingup-andyoushouldbe-IrecommendtheslightlypricieroptionofgettingadeviceknownasaNAS,whichstandsfor""NetworkAttachedStorage“andisbasicallyaminicomputerthatyoucanplugdirectlyintoyourwifirouter.Somecompanieshavedevicesavailablethatcontainonlyoneharddrive,butIrecommendbuyingonewithspaceforatleasttwo.ThisisbecauseonmostNASmodels,twoharddiskscanworktogethertokeepyourfilessafe.Insteadofappearingasseparateharddisks,theycanbecombinedusingafeaturecalled"RAID”,standingfor"RedundantArrayofIndependentDisks”anditbasicallytellsyourNAStotreatthetwoharddisksinsideitasthoughtheywereonedrive,withthecontentsmirroredonbothdrivesautomatically.Itmeansthatifoneofthetwodrivesgoeskaput,youstillhaveaperfectlyfunctioningmirrorcopywithallyourfilessafelystoredonit.TheonlythingconsideredundesirableisthatadecentNAStendstostartataround￡300,andthatexcludesthepriceoftheharddisksthemselves.Butbeforeyouscreaminhorror,remember-thisisforyourmostimportantfiles,tokeepthemsafe.So,asannoyingasitmightsound,thisisimportant.Justasyouwouldn'tleaveyourhomewithariskyboilerordriveacarwithfaultybrakes.It5stimetodotheboringbutimportantthingandspendthemoneytogetyourdatabackedup-beforeitistoolate.Whyareonlineback-upseasier?Becauseallofthebigtechcompaniesofferonlinestoragefreeofcharge.BecauseyoujustneedtodownloadtheCloudstorageappforserviceyouwant.BecauseitistheserviceprovidersthataretoblameifyourCloudfilesgetlost.D.BecausethedataofyourdigitaldeviceisuploadedtotheCloudautomatically.WhatcanwelearnaboutNAS?It'sadevicethatyoucanplugintoyourcomputer.RAIDisusedtoseparatetwoharddisksinsideNAS.Ittendstobeverycostlyevenwithoutharddisks.Mostofthemcontainonlyoneharddrivewithin.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"kaput”inthefourthparagraphprobablymean?A.Tom. B.Broken. C.Lost. D.Shut.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Strategiesforbackingupdata. B.Solutionstoinformationoverload.C.Problemsconcerningdigitalstorage. D.Reasonsforkeepingtrackofyourdata.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Fallisourfavouritehikingseason.It5snottoohot.Thebugsaregone.Solitude（無人居住的地方）iseasiertofind.Butfallhikinghasitsowncomplications,especiallywhenitcomestoweather.36Protectyourfeet.Pamperyourfeet,andthey511takeyouaroundtheworld.37Apairofsuedeorsyntheticshoeswilloffergreatcomfort,withoutabig"breakingin”process.Theydryfast,andaren'ttoughonthewallet.Ifyou5regoingforlongertreks（跋涉），thenyou511wantfootwearthatofferssupport,comfort,weatherresistance,anddurability.Backpacks.38Size.Forashorthike,adaypackisbest.It'slight,practical,andbigenoughtocarrytheessentials（you'velookingforsomethingbetween15and35L）.Forlongerhikes,lookforapackbetween30-50Lwithanintegratedframe（topreventthebagfromputtingtoomuchpressureonyourbackandshoulders）.Stayhydrated（含水的）.Yes,theheatwavesofsummerareprobablygonefortheyear,butpackingenoughwaterisvitalinanyseason.39Forlongertreks,considerahydrationreservoir,whichcancarryanywherefrom0.5to10L.Noneedtosearchinyourpackforyourwaterbottle;justenjoyasipfromthehandytube.40Changeablefallcantransformasunnymorningintoawet,coldafternoon.Afteraforesthike,thewindatopthelookoutcanbite.Dressinlayers.Ifit'swarm,youcantakealayerofftopreventsweating.Ifit'scool,youcanaddalayerbackon.Softshellsareeasilypackableandlight.Theykeepwindandwateroff,andareeasytotakeonandoffasneeded.Dressingforyourtrek?Checktheforecastbeforehittingthetrails.Numberonecriterion?Keepwarmanddry.Likeonlycheepshoes?Justgoingshortdistances?Havingenoughwaterwillkeepyouenergetic.Beforeheadingout,checkoutthishandyfallhikingchecklist.Forshorterhikes,thismightjustmeanfillingupyourfavouritewaterbottle.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Lifeistobelived.Noexcuses.Noreservations（保留）.Noholdingback.AstoryabouttheviolinistFritzKreislertellshowheonce41abeautifulinstrumenthewantedtoacquire.Whenhe42raisedthemoneyfortheviolin,hereturnedtobuyitandlearnedthatithadalreadybeensoldtoa（n）43.Hewenttothenewowner'shomeinordertotrytopersuadehimtoselltheviolin.44,thecollectorsaiditwasoneofhisprizedpossessionsandhecouldnotletitgo.Kreislerfelt45andturnedtoleave,butthenaskedafavor,"MayIplaytheinstrumentoncemore46itisputaway?”47wasgivenandthegreatmusicianbegantoplay.Theviolinsangoutaqualityofmusicwhichwassobeautifulthatthecollectorhimselfcouldonlylistenin48."Ihaveno49tokeepthattomyself”hesaidafterthemusicianfinished."Theviolinisyours,Mr.Kreisler.Takeitintoworld,andletpeoplehearit.”YouandIareexcellentviolins-ourmusicismeanttobeheard.Iwanttolivemy50thatway-totakeitintotheworldandliveitfully.Tdratherbumoutthanrustout.Tdratherbe51thandienothavingdonewhateverIcould.I'mnottalkingabout52ourselvesbydoingtoomuch.Happinessisneverfoundinovermuchbusyness.Butitisfoundininvestingourlivesinothers.Sayyeswhenaskedforahand.53toworkforaworthwhileorganization.Spendanhourwitha54relative.Intheend,Iknowthatmyhappinessisnotaboutbymyabilityormyinability.ItisabouthowmuchI55toothers.41.A.foundoutB.cameacrossC.cametoD.pickedout42.A.slowlyB.actuallyC.eventuallyD.regularly43.A.musicianB.performerC.playerD.collector44.A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Otherwise45.A.disappointedB.angryC.helplessD.desperate46.A.unlessB.afterC.untilD.before47.A.JudgmentB.PermissionC.AwardD.Appreciation48.A.amazementB.agreementC.puzzlementD.embarrassment49.A.freedomB.rightC.interestD.money50.A.lifeB.dreamC.hobbyD.reality51.A.hungupB.putupC.usedupD.dressedup52.A.exhaustingB.requestingC.fightingD.changing53.A.StruggleB.VolunteerC.ManageD.Promise54.A.specialB.closeC.tiredD.lonely55.A.turnB.treatC.giveD.adapt第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題L5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnOct.20,2021,theflameforthe2022WinterOlympicGamesarrivedinBeijing,56(carry)amessageofpeaceandunion.Witnessedbymanypeople,theflamedrewcrowdsofaudiencesasitwasescortedbyvolunteersintoaceremony,57washeldatBeijing'sOlympicTower.Theflame,litonMondayinGreece-thebirthplaceoftheOlympics,58(transport)toBeijingonWednesdaymorningbyair.ThisisthefirsttimethatChina59(host)theWinterOlympicGames.ComparedtoTokyo5sOlympicspreventionmeasures,thoseinBeijing2022wereeven60(strict).Gamesorganizershavecutbackthetraditionaltorch(火炬)relaytoasmalleventduetoCOVID-19.TherelaywasscheduledfromFeb.2toFeb.4,withtherouteconnectinglandmarks,historicalsitesandmajortourism61(attraction)inBeijingandZhangjiakou.Theshortenedtorchrelaywith62(reduce)crowds,helpedensurethehealthand63(safe)ofalljudgesandathletes.64iscertainthatthetorchrelay,asaculturalpartoftheOlympicGames,playsanimportantrole65promotingthehost'sinternationalimagewhilespreadingthemessageofpeace,union,friendshipandhealth.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，你所喜愛的校報(bào)加創(chuàng)刊10周年之際征集讀者意見。請你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給主編寫封信，內(nèi)容包括：.說明你是該報(bào)的忠實(shí)讀者；.贊賞該報(bào)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；.提出建議。注意：.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearEditor-in-Chief,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。At16,1gotwhateveryteenagerdreamsof-adriver'slicense,butIwasafraidofdrivingontheroad.“Doyou