定語從句（知識梳理+考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）原卷版-2024年高中英語學(xué)考考點(diǎn)歸納與測試

專題10定語從句

學(xué)業(yè)要求

1.掌握關(guān)系代詞的用法

2.掌握關(guān)系副詞的用法

3.掌握介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法掌握定語從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)梳理

定語從句是高考的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，備考焦點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:

①正確使用關(guān)系代詞（which,that,who,whom,whose,as）和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）

②介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

③that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

定語從句

0|先行詞

3個(gè)概念

|關(guān)系詞

限制性定語從句

2種分類~|非限制性定語從句

（定語從句件

指人who,whom,whose,that

關(guān)系代詞

。指物which,as,whose,that

正確使用關(guān)系詞°關(guān)系副詞when,where,why

“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從而

as,which與that的用法

考點(diǎn)1概念

1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞、短語或句子叫先行詞。

Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.（一個(gè)詞）這是值得參觀的地方。

Manylife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthe

capabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.（——個(gè)短語）

許多以前可以通過詢問家庭成員、朋友或者同事就能解決的生活問題是現(xiàn)在的大家庭無力解決的。

Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately,whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.（一個(gè)完整的句子）

我乘出租車立即把一個(gè)老人送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早上我遲到的原因。

2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行

詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作句子成分。

Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isavery.

代指Beijing,在從句中作主語

beautifulcity.

考點(diǎn)2限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句

與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后影響整個(gè)意思與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不影響整個(gè)

的表達(dá)意思的表達(dá)

不用逗號分開一般使用逗號分開

可用關(guān)系代詞that不可用關(guān)系代詞that

關(guān)系代詞that,who,which/whom在從句

關(guān)系代詞不可以省略

中作賓語時(shí)可以省略

關(guān)系代詞whom作賓語時(shí)可用who或that

關(guān)系代詞不能替代

替代

讀時(shí)不停頓讀時(shí)停頓，用降調(diào)

既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可以修飾句子，有逗號分開，只能

只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可以修飾句子

由which,who或as引導(dǎo)

Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人長壽。

（限制性定語從句，說明要長壽需進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。先行詞是people,若把從句whotakephysicalexercise去掉，

句子就失去所表達(dá)的意義“進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人”）

Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。

（非限制性定語從句，whoisinBostonnow對先行詞daughter進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，若把其去掉，主句意義“他的女

兒下周將來家”仍然完整）

單句語法填空/單句寫作

①Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamere5to10

minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.

②Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

③昨天晚上所發(fā)生的事情，我一點(diǎn)兒也不知道。（限制性定語從句）

④他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，為此我非常感激。（非限制性定語從句）

【答案】1.that/which2.which3.Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight4.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,whichI

wasgratefulfor

考點(diǎn)3正確使用關(guān)系詞

1.關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。

關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能

who人主語、賓語（限制性定語從句中可省略）、表語

whom人賓語（限制性定語從句中可省略）

whose(=of

whom/人或物定語

ofwhich)

that人或物主語、賓語（限制性定語從句中可省略）

which物主語、賓語（限制性定語從句中可省略）

as人或物主語、賓語

Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?

懷特先生剛才介紹的那個(gè)人你認(rèn)識嗎？

Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.

我們的班長是父親做律師的那個(gè)男孩。

【名師指津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國外的工程師之一。

Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。

2.關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語，不能省略。

關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能

when(=in/at/on/...+which)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語

where(=in/at/on/...+which)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語

why(=fbrwhich)原因原因狀語（只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句）

Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.

第一次見納爾遜?曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常困難的時(shí)期。

Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.

那所學(xué)校離這里有3千米遠(yuǎn)，我僅在那里讀過兩年書。

Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.

人們寫詩有各種各樣的理由。

【名師指津】先行詞為抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞(situation,case,stage,point,activity等)，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句

中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)則用關(guān)系代詞

which/thato

Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.

他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。

單句語法填空

①InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

?Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatellitein

orbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoearth.

(3)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopened

withherlatehusbandLes.

?Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfbrtheseanimals.

⑤Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.

@Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.

【答案】1.whose2.where3.which4.whothat5.that/which

3.“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津

介詞（短語）+關(guān)系代詞狀語關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略

介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞狀語關(guān)系代詞常用which和whose

名詞（代詞）+介詞+關(guān)系代詞主語可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

數(shù)詞（形容詞最高級）+of+關(guān)系代詞主語數(shù)詞還可以用some,many,most,each等

不定代詞替換

Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個(gè)窮人沒房子住。

Recently,Iboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.

最近，我買了一個(gè)古董花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。

4.as,which與that的用法區(qū)別

(1)七種只用that而不用which的情況

①當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。

Thereisnothingthatwecandonow.現(xiàn)在我們什么也做不了。

②當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thelast,thevery等修飾時(shí)。

ThisistheverybookthatIwant.這正是我想要的書。

③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。

Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourself.當(dāng)前的時(shí)光是你能給自己的最好的禮物。

④當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

Don'ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.不要相信你看見的第一個(gè)跡象。

⑤當(dāng)先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。

Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.

我媽媽和她的老朋友們談?wù)摿艘恍┧齻冇洃浿袑W(xué)校里的人和事。

⑥當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。

Whichisthecarthatyouboughtlastweek?你上周買的哪輛車？

⑦當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。

Jackisnotthemanthathewas.杰克不是過去的他了。

用正確的關(guān)系詞填空

①WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromwehavelearnedalot.

②Iwillneverforgetthedayonwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.

③Thefoodwasforhermother,couldn'tgodowntomeethim.

?Forinstance,inLima,thecapitalofPeru,therearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinics,about70percentof

weresetupbylocaldoctors.

［答案］1.whom2.which3.who4.which

(2)which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的3點(diǎn)區(qū)別

whichas

位置上只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末

謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see,

搭配上無動詞的限制

hear,know,expect,remember等

意思上意為“這一點(diǎn)”表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”

Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，這是始料未及的。

Shemarriedagain,asweexpected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣，她再婚了。

用as或which填空

①isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

②Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.

（3）Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofthebookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,istheresultof

thecompetitionwithonlinebookstores.

【答案】l.As2.which3.which

考點(diǎn)4定語從句和分詞短語作定語之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化

如果定語從句中先行詞是從句的主語（即關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語），則這個(gè)定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為以過去分詞或

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的形式。同樣的，分詞作定語也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)定語從句。謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)的，用現(xiàn)

在分詞作定語；用被動語態(tài)的，用過去分詞作定語。如：

Thisisthefactorywhichwasbuiltin1980.

一Thisisthefactorybuiltin1980.這就是1980年所建的那個(gè)工廠。

Weliveinahousefacingthesouth.

—>Weliveinahousewhichfacesthesouth.我們居住在一所朝南的房子里。

單句寫作

①我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都努力學(xué)習(xí)。（themajorityof,非限制性定語從句）

②我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。我相信，在這里我們一定會考上名牌大學(xué)。（beproudof,beadmittedto,非

限制性定語從句）

③站在那里的那個(gè)男孩正在看著一棵斷了樹枝的樹。（現(xiàn)在分詞，非限制性定語從句）

【答案11.Therearemorethan4，000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomstudyhard.

2.1amproudofourschool,whereIamsurewecanbeadmittedtooneofthetopuniversities.

3.Theboystandingthereislookingatatree,whosebranchesarebroken.

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Johnhadagreatfeelingofloneliness,wasevenmoreseriousduring

hislunchbreak.

A.whichB.itC.whatD.that

2.（2023?天津紅橋?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ayearisdividedintofourseasons,asweallknow,thefirstis

spring.

A.whichB.ofthemC.whenD.ofwhich

3.（2023?山西?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Hisparentsforcedhimtobealawyer,wasagainsthisownwishes.

A.whenB.whichC.thatD.what

4.（2021秋,湖南株洲?高一株洲市南方中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Peoplerememberthefirsttravelersfrom

England___cometoliveinAmerica.

A.whichB.whereC.who

5.（2023春?河北,高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Haveyouheardabouttheplayer_gotthefirstprizeintheswimming?

A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whom

6.（2022,內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）OctoberisagreattimetovisitInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,

travelerscangotothequietEjinatoenjoythewonderfulsceneryofEuphraticaforest（胡楊林）.

A.thenB.whereC.whenD.there

7.（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）isreported,vaccines（疫苗）doanexcellentjobofpreventing

seriousCovid-19illnessanddeaths,butarelessgoodatstoppinginfections,particularlysincetheemergence（出現(xiàn)）

ofthemoreinfectiousDeltavariant.

A.ItB.WhichC.ThatD.As

8.（2022秋,廣東清遠(yuǎn)?高一校聯(lián)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）InthecomingOlympicGames,therewillbetenmorenewevents,

moreathleteswilltrytorealizetheirgoalin.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

9.（2022?天津南開?高二南開大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Aftergraduation,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,

turnedouttobeawisedecision.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

10.（2022?天津河北?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Afteralonganddifficultjourney,themonarchbutterflieseventually

reachedtheplacestheywouldspendthewinter.

A.whyB.whichC.whereD.when

11.（2019?山西?高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Hewrotealetterheexplainedwhathad

happenedintheaccident.

A.whichB.thatC.howD.where

12.（2021?山西?高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Motherboughtmanytomatoesfromthemarkettwo

daysago,someofhavegonebadduetothehotweather.

A.thoseB.whichC.whomD.that

13.（2021秋?廣西?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）TheboygotthefirstprizeisfromClass1.

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who

14.（2022春?甘肅天水?高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Havingamixofmaleandfemalenursesalsohelps

createafunatmosphere,helpspatientsrecoverfaster.

A.thisB.thatC.whichD.where

15.（2022春?甘肅天水,高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）BecauseofCOVD-19,daysaregone

local5-starhotelscharged5,000yuanforonenight.

A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since

16.（2022?天津紅橋?高二天津市民族中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Eventually,thebutterflymanagestoreachtheplaces

itwillspendthewinter.

A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that

17.（2022秋?云南?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）LindaisabeautifulgirllikesChinesecultureverymuch.

A.whomB.whoseC.whichD.who

18.（2023?江蘇?高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythanever

before.

A.whyB.towhomC.whenD.onwhich

二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子

19.（2020秋?廣東佛山,高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ifsadiseaseaffectsmainlyolderpeople.

20.（2020秋,廣東佛山,高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Childrencompeteinasportwilllearnhowtodealwith

failurebecausetheydon'talwayswin.

21.（2020秋,廣東佛山?高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Sheisthegirlbrotherisstudyingabroad.

22.（2021秋,吉林?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Themanisshakinghandswiththeexpertismyfather.（

23.（2022春?江蘇蘇州,高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything_

hehadstolentothepolice.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）

24.（2022春?江蘇蘇州?高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）TheotherdayImetBobinthefbrest,__

familymovedherelastmonth.

25.（2022春?江蘇蘇州?高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Hewasbeatenbyanunknownteamfroma

remoteschool,wasunexpected.

26.（2022春,江蘇蘇州?高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Therearelotsofforeignersatthemeeting,

mostofareAmericans.

04過關(guān)檢測

1.Thismusicbroughtusbacktothedaysweplayedhappilytogetherneartheriver.

2.Everyonehasperiodsintheirliveseverythingseemsveryhard.

3.May30,2023isamemorableday,theShenzhouXVImannedspaceshipwaslaunchedsuccessfully.

4.Gracewillneverforgetthedayshewasadmittedtotheuniversity.

5.TherearemanyreasonsEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.

6.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessorviewsarewidelyrespected.

7.Manypeopledonothaveclosefriendsorcontactshavethesameinterestinmusic.

8.MountWuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinteresteveryonelikestovisit.

9.Thosewanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.

10.WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,hadbeenawastelandformany

years.

11.SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyou__

containthewordsyouaskfor.

12.ThereasonaccountsfortheirnamesGalileanMoonsistheywerediscoveredbyGalileo

in1610.

13.Hersister,youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.

14.Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyofgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfields.

15.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithits

surroundings,9,herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.

16.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow^^.

17.Theytalkedabouttheschoolsandteacherstheyhadvisited.

18.TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildingsemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChina

worshipedheaven.

19.OccasionsarequiterareIcanspendawholeweekwithmyfamilyduringtheChineseNewYear

Holiday.

20.Thomas,withhelpIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ishighlythoughtofbyus.

21.Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,everyoneis

clappingandappreciatingyourmusic?

22.ThepolicefoundtheknifeJohnkilledhiswife.

23.Isthisthefactorymanyworkersareworkinghardin?

24.ThephotoremindsmeofthedayswespentinCanada.

25.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfirebum?

26.Wecandefineajokeassomethingyousaycauseslaughter.

27.ThemonumentwasthefirstplacetheywenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.

28.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentof

modemlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

29.ChinatownsarepopulartouristdestinationsvisitorscanexperiencetraditionalChineseculturefirst

hand.

30.rilneverforgetthedayIspentinthemountains.

31.ThereasonIlovewesternmusicisthatithasinspiredmealotwhenIamindifficulty.

32.Dancersdancedtoclassicalmusic,recreatingthescenewomeninancientChinabeganaspringtime

outing.

33.Therearemanyclownsintheplayground,someofareperformingopera.

34.Wealllikethemanisveryhumorous.

35.Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplacetheyfinishedtheirjourney.

36.Weallknowsomecasesartscancurepeople.

37.Thecoupleinthenextroomarealwaysquarrelingthesedays,andFvecometothepointIcan'tstandit

anylonger.

38.IboughtaseriesofHarryPotterrecently,pricewasfairlyreasonable.

39.Shealsojoinedanonlinegroupshecouldtalkaboutherproblemsandgetsupportandadvicefrom

others.

40.Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeaturesmakeherpopularatschool.

41.Successoften