2025高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 易混易錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（1）閱讀理解 導(dǎo)學(xué)案（含解析）

（1）閱讀理解—2025高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)易混易錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常針對(duì)文章中敘述的人物、事物、現(xiàn)象或理論等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，題目難度不大，題干中一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)表述較為具體的關(guān)鍵詞，考生在審題后可快速鎖定關(guān)鍵詞并在文章中尋找相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)描述。有時(shí)候，雖然題干中提供了關(guān)鍵詞，但通過(guò)題目的提問(wèn)方式我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，簡(jiǎn)單地回文搜索關(guān)鍵詞已不能滿足做題需求。這時(shí)，通過(guò)審題來(lái)幫助我們提前決定解題方式就很有必要了。1.直接細(xì)節(jié)題此類試題是對(duì)原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答題。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提問(wèn)。此類試題選項(xiàng)多采用原文中的信息直接進(jìn)行考查，不需要考生進(jìn)行推斷。做題時(shí)，考生可以在文章中找到與答案有關(guān)的直接信息。此類試題一般不會(huì)涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容認(rèn)真對(duì)比即可確定答案。廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表等類別的文章，常涉及直接細(xì)節(jié)題。2.間接細(xì)節(jié)題需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理才能得出答案此類試題介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等方法對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行變換，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別。二、推理判斷題推理判斷題是歷年高考英語(yǔ)的命題集中點(diǎn)，包括判斷和推理兩個(gè)方面，屬于深層理解題，一般難度較高，得分率較低，其比例占30%~40%。從歷年的高考閱讀理解題來(lái)看，推理判斷題一般可以歸納為五大題型：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、文章的來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題、寫作意圖題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。預(yù)計(jì)高考閱讀理解題中的推理判斷題仍將是考查的重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)引起考生的重視。1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題細(xì)節(jié)推斷題考查的內(nèi)容雖屬于原文的細(xì)節(jié)，但要求考生在原文基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章信息進(jìn)行分析、理解、推斷，立足于已知推斷未知。解題原則是“忠于原文，只推一步”?？忌獯鸺?xì)節(jié)推斷題時(shí)，首先要定位信息，通過(guò)尋讀，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)；然后進(jìn)行字面理解，弄懂相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意思；再進(jìn)行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具體推抽象，由抽象推具體。然后做出符邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中尋找并確定推斷的依據(jù)，推斷出隱藏的深層含義，要做到判斷有據(jù)、推斷有理。2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題文章中作者對(duì)某人或某事的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、文章中涉及的人或組織機(jī)構(gòu)的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度是?？純?nèi)容。在記敘文中，作者往往不直接提出觀點(diǎn)，考生在閱讀文章時(shí)要細(xì)心捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞或短語(yǔ)，從而推斷出作者或文中人物的言外之意。3.意圖目的推斷題意圖目的推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)，使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)候也會(huì)考查考生推斷開(kāi)展某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的目的意圖，要通過(guò)對(duì)事件的起因和事件發(fā)起人的愿望推斷出目的和意圖來(lái)。4.文章出處或讀者對(duì)象推斷題推斷文章出處和讀者對(duì)象的題目，首先要從文章的體裁和內(nèi)容著手，弄清文章的中心話題，然后根據(jù)話題，確定文章來(lái)源和讀者對(duì)象。如：新聞、廣告應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)上；科普類文章應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)雜志上或報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版塊上；對(duì)子女的教育話題的讀者對(duì)象應(yīng)該是父母。5.下文內(nèi)容或事件發(fā)展結(jié)果推斷題此類題目要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局和下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。解這類題目時(shí)，考生應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路和文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。三、主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)全文的內(nèi)容或某一段的內(nèi)容加以合理地歸納，目的是檢查對(duì)短文整體或某一段落的理解概括能力。該類題目是高考中的難點(diǎn)之一，也是區(qū)分度較大的題目。主要考查：選擇最佳標(biāo)題；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。此類題正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和表示絕對(duì)意義的詞；能概括文章（或段落）的全部?jī)?nèi)容。干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：以偏概全；選項(xiàng)過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)；選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是命題者杜撰的；選項(xiàng)與主題無(wú)關(guān)。因?yàn)榭忌枰x完全文才能把握文章主題，所以在解答此類題時(shí)，考生不要急于去找答案，不論它出現(xiàn)在什么位置都永遠(yuǎn)把主旨大意題作為最后一道題來(lái)做。在做完另外幾道題后，無(wú)疑會(huì)有助于考生加深對(duì)整篇文章的理解。四、詞義猜測(cè)題1.依據(jù)定義推測(cè)詞義在許多情況下，文章的作者估計(jì)某個(gè)詞一般讀者不熟悉，則會(huì)在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋可能是一種重復(fù)說(shuō)明或定義。通過(guò)閱讀定義和解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞的基本含義。線索詞有that，which，is等。2.依據(jù)同位語(yǔ)推測(cè)詞義通常引出該詞同位語(yǔ)的詞或短語(yǔ)有or，thatis，inotherwords等，還有的同位語(yǔ)以括號(hào)或破折號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)。在這些標(biāo)記詞后考生可較易找到同畫線詞意義相同或相近的詞。3.依據(jù)文章中的舉例推測(cè)詞義在閱讀理解中，考生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，推斷出該生詞的意思。4.依據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)推測(cè)詞義當(dāng)作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr(shí)，往往會(huì)運(yùn)用對(duì)比的手法，即運(yùn)用有對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)，例如反義詞，也可以暗示出生詞的含義。能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，onthecontrary，Incontrastto等。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)中的分號(hào)也可表示對(duì)比。5.依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)詞義分析復(fù)合詞：如果一個(gè)生詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，可以從該詞的各個(gè)部分的特定意思及聯(lián)系上下文推測(cè)出該詞的意思?？忌瑫r(shí)要了解構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。6.依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)或平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的同義詞、反義詞推測(cè)詞義7.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義因果關(guān)系是一種常見(jiàn)的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。一定的原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果，某一結(jié)果總是由某種或某些原因引起的。作者在敘述原因的過(guò)程中就必然會(huì)把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，dueto，resultin，resultfrom，asaresult，forthisreason，accordingly，sothat，so...that，such…that等。8.利用上下文來(lái)推測(cè)詞義

Family-FriendlyEventsinJanuaryZooLights:GlowWildJan.1-19ThePhoenixZoo'syearlyholidaylightshowisonuntilJan.19,allowingfamiliesoneormoreopportunitiestoenjoythecity'szoo,withmillionsoflightsgivinganaddeddimensiontothefestivities.GlowWild,455N.GalvinPkwy.,Phoenix,,$11.95members,$13.95generaladmission.DowntownMesaFestivaloftheArtsJan.4-18TheDowntownMesaFestivaloftheArtsfeaturestheworkofestablishedandemergingartists,includingthosewhocreatewoodwork,metalcrafts,fooditems,art,photographyandgifts.OnMacdonald,offofMainStreetinDowntownMesa,,freeadmission.FamilyFunWinterfestJan.4OdySeaAquariumintheDesertishostingthethirdannualFamilyFunWinterfestinitsDesertCourtyard,featuringrealsnowforthekidstoplayin.Thisfreeeventfeatureseverythingfrombouncehousestorides,games,snowflakecraftsandfacepaintingtogowithvariousstandssetupbylocalsellers,withfoodandotherofferingsforsaleattheevent.9500E.ViadeVentura,Scottsdale,,free.YouthFineArtsCourseJan.18-Mar.7MesaArtsCenterishostinganeight-weekyouthartscourseonSaturdaystoteachartisticskillsandknowledgethroughfunandchallengingartclassesinawidevarietyofartmaterials,includingpainting,drawing,mixedmediaandsculpture,ensuringmentallystimulatingsessionsforall.MesaArtCenter,1E.MainSt.,Mesa,,$93.1.HowcanyougetadiscountedtickettotheZooLightsshow?A.Bringafriend. B.Getamembership.C.Joinatourgroup. D.Bookaticketonline.2.WhatcanyoudoatFamilyFunWinterfest?A.Havefreefood. B.Enjoyrealsnow.C.Takeartclasses. D.Meetlocalartists.3.Whicheventlaststhelongest?A.ZooLights:GlowWild. B.DowntownMesaFestivaloftheArts.C.FamilyFunWinterfest. D.YouthFineArtsCourses.WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina."Ecologicaldesign"isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,"hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair."4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.ABritishwomanwhowona$1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(變革)."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort—whetheranupandcominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestarintoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears."I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby—theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,"shesaid."Weneedartistsmorethaneverinourschools."ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on."Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."8.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?A.Makeamovie. B.Buildnewschools.C.Runaproject. D.Helplocalmusicians.9.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?A.Itisparticularlydifficult. B.Itincreasesartists'income.C.Itopenschildren'smind. D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.10.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?A.Moralprinciples. B.Interpersonalskills.C.Creativeabilities. D.Positiveworldviews.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtistsC.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacherLivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(風(fēng)景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil'sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.12.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.13.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement. B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit. D.Distinctivestyles.14.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor'stripwithfriendstoDevil'sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.15.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil'sLake?A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled"Strawpocalypse",apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來(lái)源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說(shuō)明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic",VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.16.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.17.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.18.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewersinparagraph4?A.Calming. B.Shocking C.Refreshing D.Challenging.19.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Artists'opinionsonPlasticsafety.B.MediaInterestincontemporaryart.C.Responsibilitydemandedofbigcompanies.D.Oceanplasticstransformedintosculptures.Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair. B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective. D.They'restrict.21.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs22.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication. B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts. D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck

Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyoubelievethatasinglebush(灌木叢)intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewholeofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.

Rainforestsarethelungsoftheplanet-storingvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideandproducingasignificantamountoftheworld'soxygen.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy(樹(shù)冠層)ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryheatfromthesunandstrongwinds.

Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchawaythattheirleavesandbranches,althoughclosetogether,neveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'waytopreventthespreadofanytreediseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleaf-eatinginsectslikecaterpillars.Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.Thegroundflooroftheforestisnotalltangledleavesandbushes,likeinfilms,butisactuallyfairlyclear.Itiswheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscangenerate75%oftheirownrain.Atleast80inchesofrainayearisnormal-andinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesofrainannually.Thisisrealrain—yourumbrellamayprotectyouinashower,butitwon'tkeepyoudryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwohours,streamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity(濕氣)oflargerainforestscontributestotheformationofraincloudsthatmaytraveltoothercountriesinneedofrain.24.Whatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyproduceoxygen. B.Theycoveravastarea.C.Theyarewellmanaged. D.Theyarerichinwildlife.25.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofrainforests?A.Heavyrains B.Bigtrees. C.Smallplants. D.Forestanimals.26.Whydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachother?A.Formoresunlight. B.Formoregrowingspace.C.Forself-protection. D.Forthedetectionofinsects.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Life-GivingRainforests B.TheLawoftheJungleC.AnimalsintheAmazon D.WeatherinRainforestsU.S.teensspendmorethaneighthoursadayonscreen,andthere'sgrowingconcernoverhowsocialmediamayaffecttheirmentalhealth.Now,anewstudyhasfoundthatlimitingscreentimetoaboutonehouradayhelpedanxiousteensfeelbetterabouttheirbodyimageandtheirappearance.ThestudyarosefromthepersonalexperienceofHelenThai,adoctoralstudentinpsychologyatMcGillUniversity."WhatInoticedwhenIwasengaginginsocialmediawasthatIcouldn'thelpbutcomparemyself,"Thaisays.Shewaswellawarethatsocialmediapostsoftenfeaturepolished,airbrushedorfilteredimagesthatcanalterappearancesinanunrealisticway,butitstillaffectedhernegatively.So,ThaiandateamofresearchersdecidedtotestwhethercuttingtimeonsocialmediaplatformsincludingInstagram,TikTokandSnapchatwouldimprovethebodyimage.Theyrecruitedafewhundredvolunteers,allofwhomhadexperiencedsymptomsofanxietyordepression,whichcouldmakethemvulnerabletotheeffectsofsocialmedia.Halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtoreducetheirscreentimeto60minutesadayforthreeweekswhiletheotherhalfcontinuedtousesocialmediawithnorestrictions,whichaveragedaboutthreehoursperday.Theresearchersgavetheparticipantssurveysatthebeginningandendofthestudy,whichincludedstatementssuchas"I'mprettyhappyaboutthewayIlook."and"Iamsatisfiedwithmyweight."Amongthegroupthatcutsocialmediause,theoverallscoreonappearanceimprovedfrom2.95to3.15ona5-pointscale.Thismayseemlikeasmallchange,butanyshiftinsuchashortperiodoftimeisstriking,theauthorssay."Thestudyisencouraging,butitonlyincludedpeoplewhohadsymptomsofanxietyordepression.It'sworthevaluatingthisapproachwithothergroups,suchaspeoplewithoratriskofeatingdisorders.It'salsopossiblethatthebenefitsofcuttingbackcouldextendmorebroadlytoanyoneinthisagegroup,"saysPsychologistAndreaGraham,co-directoroftheCenterforBehavioralInterventionTechnologiesatNorthwesternUniversity.28.WhatproblemmaysocialmediabringtoteenagersaccordingtoThai?A.TheymaybecomeaddictedtotheInternet.B.Theytendtobecomesensitivetoothers'comments.C.Theymayhaveunrealisticexpectationsoftheirimage.D.Theytendtocomparethemselveswiththeimagespostedonline.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsduringthestudy?A.Theyscoredtheirappearancetwice.B.Halfofthemstoppedusingsocialmedia.C.Theyhopedtoimprovetheirbodyimage.D.Mostofthemshoweddissatisfactionwiththeirweight.30.WhatdidGrahamthinkofthestudy?A.Itwasagoodtrybuthadlimitations.B.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.C.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.D.Itwasencouragingbuttheevidencewasunreliable.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowSocialMediaChangesTeenagersB.HowtoHelpTeenagersLimitScreentimeC.ShorterScreenTime,BetterFeelingsonLookD.LessAnxiety,BetterImage

答案以及解析1.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題ZooLights:GlowWildJan.1-19下的段落$11.95members,$13.95generaladmission.(會(huì)員價(jià)11.95美元,普通門票價(jià)13.95美元)可知,要買到ZooLightsshow的折扣票,需成為會(huì)員。故選B。2.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題FamilyFunWinterfestJan.4下的段落OdySeaAquariumintheDesertishostingthethirdannualFamilyFunWinterfestinitsDesertCourtyard,featuringrealsnowforthekidstoplayin.(位于沙漠的OdySeaAquarium正在其DesertCourtyard舉辦第三屆年度家庭趣味冬季活動(dòng),以真正的雪為特色,供孩子們玩耍)可知,在FamilyFunWinterfest可以享受真正的雪。故選B。3.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每段的小標(biāo)題"ZooLights:GlowWildJan.1-19(ZooLights:GlowWild,1月1日到19日),DowntownMesaFestivaloftheArtsJan.4-18(DowntownMesaFestivaloftheArts,1月4日到18日),FamilyFunWinterfestJan.4(FamilyFunWinterfest,1月4日)和YouthFineArtsCourseJan.18–Mar.7(YouthFineArtsCourse,1月18日到3月7日)可知,四個(gè)活動(dòng)中,持續(xù)最長(zhǎng)的是YouthFineArtsCourse。故選D。4.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的explore、startedtowonder和第二段中的studying、wentbacktoobserving、askingquestions可以推斷出,約翰·托德自孩童時(shí)代就喜歡探究和質(zhì)疑。故選C。inquiring意為"愛(ài)探索的,好奇的"。故選C。5.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。本題問(wèn)的是John把污泥放進(jìn)水箱的目的。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,John決定建造一個(gè)生態(tài)箱(eco-machine)。第三段主要講述了John的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程(把污泥放進(jìn)水箱里并觀察)。第四段描述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果—這個(gè)生態(tài)箱里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成食物吃了。由此可推斷出,John把污泥放進(jìn)水箱的目的是測(cè)試他研制的生態(tài)箱。故選D。6.答案：B解析：推理判斷題,考查寫作目的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Fuzhou可定位到第五段。根據(jù)"Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs"可知,John已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了很多大型工作。緊接著通過(guò)他的發(fā)明應(yīng)用于南伯靈頓和福州的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明他的想法在實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用(application)。故選B。7.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair"可知John的研究依據(jù)是自然可以進(jìn)行自我修復(fù)。故選A。8.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞扎菲拉庫(kù)(AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起場(chǎng)課堂革命。我們將做出改變,她說(shuō)。"我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")可知,Zafirakou打算用自己的獎(jiǎng)金運(yùn)行一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C。9.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort—whetheranupandcominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestarintoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.(許多學(xué)校很難讓任何類型的藝術(shù)家無(wú)論是當(dāng)?shù)貚渎额^角的音樂(lè)家還是主要的電影明星—進(jìn)入學(xué)校,與孩子們一起工作并激勵(lì)他們,因此才有了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。)"可知,CraigMartin認(rèn)為,英國(guó)學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)尤其困難。故選A。10.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.(這是絕對(duì)必要的。未來(lái)取決于創(chuàng)造力,而創(chuàng)造力取決于年輕人。)"可知,Schama認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力。故選C。11.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段"AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,"saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachangeshesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞扎菲拉庫(kù)AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起一場(chǎng)課堂革命。我們將做出改變,她說(shuō)。"我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")可知,文章講述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的獎(jiǎng)金啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM(jìn)學(xué)校,促進(jìn)藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。12.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問(wèn)的是作者是如何應(yīng)對(duì)中西部地區(qū)風(fēng)景攝影師所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的。thechallenge指的是第一段中的"thecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation(艾奧瓦州缺少地理差異)"。再結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞intheMidwest可定位到第二段。根據(jù)"Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway."可知,作者通過(guò)去州立公園或鄉(xiāng)村拍攝照片來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。13.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的thekey與第三段第一句中的decisive同義。根據(jù)"Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography."可知,在合適的時(shí)間到達(dá)合適的地點(diǎn)是至關(guān)重要的。再結(jié)合最后一段作者去魔鬼湖(Devil'sLake)拍攝照片留下遺憾的經(jīng)歷可知,風(fēng)景攝影成功的關(guān)鍵是恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間管理。故選A。14.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theauthor'stripwithfriendstoDevil'sLake可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)"Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroutesoweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime."可知,作者認(rèn)為時(shí)間寬裕,就離開(kāi)既定的拍攝地點(diǎn)往更高的地方爬了,結(jié)果忘記了返回的正確路線,差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)了要拍攝的落日。由此可推知,他們到達(dá)拍攝地點(diǎn)的時(shí)間要比預(yù)計(jì)的晚。故選C。15.答案：B解析：推理判斷題,考查作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely."可知,作者認(rèn)為,盡管他可以把照片拍得更好,但現(xiàn)在這些照片仍然是自己拍得最好的。由此可推知,這些照片是令作者滿意的(satisfying)。故選B。16.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts."(他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系。)可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想讓人們重新審視與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，引起公眾對(duì)塑料垃圾的關(guān)注。故選C。17.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話"Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來(lái)源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled."(塑料吸管絕不是塑料污染的最大來(lái)源，但最近它們受到了抨擊，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不需要它們來(lái)喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量重，無(wú)法回收。)可知，塑料吸管體積小、重量輕，無(wú)法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第三段討論塑料吸管是為了展示它們回收的難度。故選A。18.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說(shuō)明)aspecificstatistic:Every60second