中國傳媒大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷3(題后含答案及解析)

中國傳媒大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷3(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.ReadingComprehension2.StructureandVocabulary3.English-ChineseTranslation4.WritingReadingComprehensionThisyearthecombinedadvertisingrevenuesofGoogleandYahoo!willrivalthecombinedprimetimeadrevenuesofAmerica’sthreebigtelevisionnetworks,ABC,CBSandNBCpredictsAdvertisingAge.Itwill,saysthetrademagazine,representa“watershedmoment”intheevolutionoftheinternetasanadvertisingmedium.A30-secondprime-timeTVadwasonceconsideredthemosteffective—andthemostexpensive—formofadvertising.Butthatwasbeforetheinternetgotgoing.Andthisweekonlineadvertisingmadeanotherleapforward.ThislatestinnovationcomesfromGoogle,whichhasbeguntestinganewauction-basedservicefordisplayadvertising.BothGoogleandYahoo!makemostoftheirmoneyfromadvertising.Auctioningkeywordsearch-terms,whichdeliversponsoredlinkstoadvertisers’websites,hasprovedtobeparticularlylucrative.Andadvertiserslikepaid-searchbecause,unlikeTV,theyonlypayforresults;theyarechargedwhensomeoneclicksononeoftheirlinks.BothGoogleandYahoo!alongwithsearch-siterivalslikeMicrosoft’sMSNandAskJeeves,aredevelopingmuchbroaderrangesofmarketingservices.Google,forinstance,alreadyprovidesaservicecalledAd-Sense.Itworksratherlikeanadvertisingagency,automaticallyplacingsponsoredlinksandotheradsonthird-partywebsites.Googlethensplitstherevenuewiththeownersofthosewebsites,whocanrangefrommultinationalstoindividualspublishingblogs.asonlinejournalsareknown.Google’snewserviceextendsAdSenseinthreeways.InsteadofGoogle’ssoftwareanalyzingthird-partywebsitestodeterminefromtheircontentwhatrelevantadstoplaceonthem,advertisementwillinsteadbea-bletoselectthespecificsiteswheretheywanttheiradstoappear.Thisprovidesbothmoreflexibilityandcontrol,saysPatrickKeane,Google’sheadofsalesstrategy.Thesecondchangeinvolvespricing.Potentialinternetadvertisersmustbidfortheiradtoappearona“cost-per-thousand”(knownasCPM)basis.ThisissimilartoTVcommercials,whereadvertiserspayaccordingtothenumberofpeoplewhoaresupposedtoseethead.ButtheGooglesystemdeliversatwist:CPMbidswillalsohavetocompeteagainstrivalbidsforthesameadspacefromthosewantingtopayona“cost-per-click”basis,thewaysearchtermsarepresently,sold.Click-throughmarketingtendstobeaimedatpeoplewhoalreadyknowtheywanttobuysomethingandaresearchingforproductandpriceinformation,whereasdisplayadvertisingismoreoftenusedtopersuadepeopletobuythingsinthefirstinstance.ThethirdchangeisthatGooglewillnowofferanimatedads—butnothingtooflashyorannoying,insistsMr.Keane.Suchadsarelikelytobemoreappealingtosomethebig-brandadvertisers.Spurredonbythespreadoffasterbroadbandconnections,suchcompaniesarebecomingincreasinglyinterestedinso-called“rich-media”ads.likeanimationandvideo.1．Bysaying“Itwillrepresenta‘watershedmoment’intheevolutionoftheinternetasanadvertisingme-dium”,thetrademagazinesuggests______.A．GoogleandYahoo!shareadvertisingrevenueswithtelevisionnetworksB．thesuccessofGoogleandYahootakesaturning-pointtoonlineadvertisingC．America’sthreebigtelevisionnetworksplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofadvertisingmediumD．GoogleandYahoo!builduptheirstatusinadvertising正確答案：B解析：本題問：商業(yè)雜志說“Itwillrepresenta‘watershedmoment’intheevolutionoftheinternetasanadvertisingmedium”意指什么。相關(guān)部分在文中第一段開頭，提到廣告時(shí)代預(yù)測本年度谷歌和雅虎兩大網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的廣告收入將可以和美國三大電視網(wǎng)在黃金時(shí)段的廣告總收入相抗衡，稱這是因特網(wǎng)作為廣告媒介這一發(fā)展過程中的一個(gè)“watershedmoment”。本題理解的關(guān)鍵是“wa—tershedmoment”，根據(jù)上下文可以判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告已經(jīng)對(duì)電視廣告構(gòu)成威脅，并已取得顯著成績。因此，網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告的出現(xiàn)為因特網(wǎng)成為廣告媒介提供了契機(jī)。故B“谷歌和雅虎的成功成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”為正確項(xiàng)。2．Now,themosteffectiveformofadvertisingis______.A．a(chǎn)30-secondprime-timeTVadB．a(chǎn)30-secondprime-timeonlineadvertisingC．onlineadvertisingD．mostexpensiveTVad正確答案：C解析：本題問“目前最有效的廣告形式是什么”。相關(guān)部分在題文第一段第四行，“A30-secondprime-timeTVadwasonceconsideredthemosteffective———andthemostexpensive———formofad-vertising．Butthatwasbeforetheinteractgotgoing．Andthisweekonlineadvertisingmadeanotherleapforward．”(三十秒鐘的黃金時(shí)段電視廣告曾經(jīng)是最有效、收費(fèi)最高的廣告形式。但那都是因特網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)之前的事了，本周網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告又實(shí)現(xiàn)了新飛躍)。，3．Whydoadvertiserslikethenewauction-basedservicefordisplayadvertising?A．BecausemorepeoplecanseetheadvertisementB．BecausetheservicebringsthemmoreprofitC．Becausetheyonlypayforresults.D．Becausetheserviceoffersmoreflexibilityandcontrol.正確答案：C解析：本題問“廣告客戶喜歡基于拍賣的廣告展示服務(wù)的原因是什么”。由關(guān)鍵詞：“thenewauction-basedservice”可定位相關(guān)部分在文中第二段四行處。文中提到：“Andadvertiserslikepaid—searchbecause，unlikeTV，theyonlypayforresults：theyarechargedwhensomeoneclicksononeoftheirlinks．”(廣告商喜歡付費(fèi)搜索服務(wù)，不同于電視，他們只根據(jù)結(jié)果付費(fèi)：當(dāng)有人點(diǎn)擊了他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈接時(shí)，他們才要付費(fèi)。)因此，是由于廣告客戶喜歡該種服務(wù)的收費(fèi)方式。4．WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinGoogle’snewservicewhichextendsAdSense?A．Advertiserswillbeabletoselectthespecificsiteswheretheywanttheiradstoappear.B．Advertiserspayonthebasisofthenumberofpeoplewhobrowsethead.C．Advertisersareofferedadswithanimation.D．Advertiserswillbeadvisedonthecontents.正確答案：D解析：本題問“哪一項(xiàng)不是谷歌擴(kuò)展了AdSense的服務(wù)”。題文相關(guān)部分在短文第四、五、六段，文中提到“Google’snewserviceextendsAdSenseinthreeways…advertisementwillinsteadbeabletoselectthespecificsiteswheretheywanttheiradstoappear…Thesecondchangeinvolvespricing…ThethirdchangeisthatGooglewillhowofferanimatedads．”(谷歌通過三種方法使AdSense服務(wù)得以擴(kuò)展……廣告可以根據(jù)廣告商的喜好可以被刊登在看好的網(wǎng)站上……第二種方法是對(duì)價(jià)格的調(diào)整……第三種方法是谷歌公司在廣告中加入了動(dòng)畫的元素)。A“廣告可以根據(jù)廣告商的喜好被選擇出現(xiàn)在不同的網(wǎng)站上”是文中提到的第一種方法。B“廣告客戶根據(jù)瀏覽廣告的人數(shù)付費(fèi)”是文中提到的第二種方法。C“廣告商提供動(dòng)畫廣告”是第三種方法。文中提到谷歌并不是通過分析第三方的網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容來決定其網(wǎng)站上應(yīng)該放置何種相關(guān)廣告，因此談不到就廣告內(nèi)容給廣告商提出建議。因此，D“廣告商得到關(guān)于廣告內(nèi)容的建議”不是谷歌提供的的服務(wù)。5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．OnlineadvertisingismoreeffectivethanTVadvertising.B．GoogleandYahoo!arechallengingMicrosoftinthefieldofadvertising.C．Google’snewadvertisingservicecouldmaketheinternetanevenmorevaluablemarketingmedium.D．Onlineadvertisingispopularwithadvertisers.正確答案：C解析：本題問“短文的主旨是什么”。從文中首段主題句“…Itwill，saysthetrademagazine，representa‘watershedmoment’intheevolutionoftheinternetasanadvertisingmedium．”(商業(yè)雜志稱，這是因特網(wǎng)作為廣告媒介這一發(fā)展過程中的一個(gè)“分水嶺”。)從文中第二段開始，所涉及的內(nèi)容都是有關(guān)于谷歌公司的新廣告服務(wù)項(xiàng)目以及該服務(wù)產(chǎn)生的積極影響。可知C“谷歌公司新的廣告服務(wù)項(xiàng)目使因特網(wǎng)變成了更具價(jià)值的廣告媒體”正確。Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternetForsomeoneinneedoftreatment,that’sgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy,itcanbeallbad.Lastweekacorollary(推論)wasproposedtothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletodecidetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldleak.Theywouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.TheplanwassaidtobeanunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.Whiletheadministrationdeclaredthattherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry,neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallydestroyprivacy,pointingtoastipulationallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewas“health-careoperations”.That,physicianssaid,wasaloophole(漏洞)throughwhichHealthMaintenanceOrganizationsandotherinsurerscouldpry(窺探)intothedoctor-patientrelationship,inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile,theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyastipulationholdingthemliableforprivacybreaches(違背)by“businesspartners”suchaslawyersandaccountants.BothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveUpthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanaddi-tional$3.8billion,andmaybemuch,more,overthenextfiveyears.Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrules’enforcementrules.Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.Todayvariouscancersandotherembarrassingdiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal;anofficialnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation,suchaspayingcashforservices.6．Whatcanbeinferredfrom“technologyisatwo-edgedsword”inParagraph1?A．Patientscanbenefitalotfrommedicaltechnology.B．Peoplearesufferingfrommisuseofmedicaltechnology.C．Weshouldbeawareofthedangerbroughtbymedicaltechnology.D．Despitetreatmentimprovement,technologycanbeharmful.正確答案：D解析：此題為推理判斷題，考查“對(duì)‘two—edgedsword’詞義的理解”。下文提到“Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpailentsforgeneticdefects…，that’sgoodnews．”即醫(yī)生利用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)能測試病人的基因缺陷，并可利用先進(jìn)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)傳播病人醫(yī)療信息，有助于治療。但接下來，作者話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)“Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy，itcanbeallbad．”指出傳播病人醫(yī)療信息有負(fù)面影響，不當(dāng)使用技術(shù)可能帶來的不良后果。也就是說“two-edgedsword”一詞既包含積極的一面，也含有消極的一面。因此，D“科技能夠提高治療水平，也能導(dǎo)致不良結(jié)果”正確。7．Whichofthefollowingisthepatientsentitledtodointermsoftheproposal?A．Behonesttotheirdoctors.B．Controltheirmedicalinformation.C．Determinehowtomaketheirmedical,records.D．Accusetheinsurersofmakinguseoftheirmedicaldata.正確答案：B解析：本題考查細(xì)節(jié)，問“據(jù)此法規(guī)，病人可以有權(quán)做什么”。文章第二段提到“…incontroloftheirownmedicalrecords”，由此可知病人將對(duì)自己的醫(yī)療信息有支配權(quán)。因此B“控制自己的醫(yī)療信息”正確。8．Howdodoctorscommentontheproposal?A．Itmaydamagedoctor-patientrelationship.B．Thereisnocontroversyonthisissue.C．Itisdefectiveandsomewhatunreasonable.D．Doctorswilltendtobeinvolvedinmoremedicalcases.正確答案：C解析：本題考查細(xì)節(jié)，問“醫(yī)生們?nèi)绾慰创@項(xiàng)法規(guī)”。短文第三段提到了醫(yī)生的觀點(diǎn)“Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallydestroyprivacy，…”，醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，由此可見答案應(yīng)該是C“這項(xiàng)法規(guī)有漏洞不盡合理”。9．WhatisthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociates?A．Patientscommonlypaycashfortheirmedicalservice.B．Patientsarereluctanttotelltheirembarrassingillnesstodoctors.C．ThePrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesenjoysthebestreputationinconductingpolls.D．Thepatients’disguisingoftheirmedicalinformationwidelyexists.正確答案：D解析：本題考查推理能力，問“為什么要引用普林斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)1月份的民意測驗(yàn)”。前文講到“Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality，therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors．Todayvariouscancersandotherembarrassingdiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage．”作者指出病人因?yàn)樾哂趩X或者擔(dān)心失去保險(xiǎn)賠付而隱瞞病情使疾病得不到治療，接著又說到這種擔(dān)心并非無中生有。作者繼而引用普利斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明每六個(gè)成年人中就有一個(gè)曾經(jīng)做過如用現(xiàn)金支付服務(wù)費(fèi)這樣刻意隱瞞醫(yī)療信息的事情，引用數(shù)據(jù)旨在說明這一問題的嚴(yán)重性。因此，D“病人隱瞞醫(yī)療信息的情況普遍存在”正確。10．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A．Thefeasibilityandirrationalityofprotectingmedicalprivacy.B．Thegovernment’sappealtoprotectionofmedicalinformation.C．Patientsshouldenjoymorerightstotheirmedicalrecords.D．Doctorsandinsurers’complaintabouttheproposal.正確答案：A解析：本題問“短文主旨”。短文的第二段開頭給出了這項(xiàng)法規(guī)的內(nèi)容“…，afighttomedicalprivacy．”是關(guān)于醫(yī)療隱私的權(quán)利問題，接下來闡述了法規(guī)的細(xì)則。在第三段作者指出這項(xiàng)法規(guī)的合理性受到了醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司的質(zhì)疑?！啊?，neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy．”在短文的第四段作者提到了法規(guī)出臺(tái)的目的和合理性，“Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality，therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors．”因此，應(yīng)選A“保護(hù)醫(yī)療隱私的可行性及其不合理性”。Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeaneurosurgeon,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrestMostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories.“saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,“onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.““PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork“writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedears.Anotherhita‘Jerseybarrier’ontheNewJerseyTurnpike,going65m.p.h.““Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,“writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep.“Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001.introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimitMostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,a-greesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbehoundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedone,youshouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,forthen-part,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯(cuò))andgettheresttheyneed.11．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.B．Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.C．Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.D．Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.正確答案：B解析：本題為推理題，問“第一段暗含了什么意思”。第一段最后一句話提到“…peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly．”意思是那些每天習(xí)慣睡八個(gè)小時(shí)以上但仍然感覺疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)是普通人的三倍，這也許就是一種潛在的紊亂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，正是這種紊亂才讓他們難以安饞。由此句可以看出潛在的紊亂可能導(dǎo)致人們睡眠質(zhì)量不高，雖然睡眠時(shí)間長，但仍然感到疲憊。因此B“睡眠質(zhì)量不高可能是身體紊亂的征兆”為正確項(xiàng)。12．Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?A．Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.B．Sleep-depriveddoctorsareintoxicated.C．Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.D．Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.正確答案：C解析：本題考察推理能力，問“醫(yī)生的睡眠問題暗示了什么”。短文第二段“…inthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness，aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated．Curiously，surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep．”也就是說醫(yī)生們雖然認(rèn)為醉酒開刀應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)懲，但對(duì)于在睡眠不足的情況下做手術(shù)卻并不加以認(rèn)真考慮。由此可見?！搬t(yī)生們大都忽略了他們自己的睡眠問題”。13．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph3and4?A．Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.B．Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.C．Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.D．Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.正確答案：D解析：此題屬推理題，問“作者寫第三段和第四段的目的是什么”。短文在第二段中指出了醫(yī)生對(duì)睡眠不足缺乏重視，接下來在第三段中舉了一個(gè)例子“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours；…Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound．”這個(gè)醫(yī)生因缺覺在做手術(shù)時(shí)，臉差點(diǎn)碰到病人傷口；緊接著在第四段里又舉了幾個(gè)例子：“‘PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork．’writesanother.‘Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars．Anotherhita‘Jerseybarrier’ontheNewJerseyTurnpike，going65m．p．h．”’這些例子說的是醫(yī)生開車時(shí)在方向盤上睡著；醫(yī)生撞車；醫(yī)生撞到公路收費(fèi)站欄桿。由此可見作者寫這兩段的目的就是要“舉例說明醫(yī)生睡眠不足可能帶來的危害”，故選D。14．WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?A．Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.B．Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.C．Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.D．Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.正確答案：B解析：本題問“Dr．CharlesBinkley說的‘doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience，notbythegovernment’這句話意味看什么”。對(duì)于政府制定法規(guī)解決醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，短文第五段說：“Itskeyprovisions，modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations，includean80-hourworkweekanda24hourwork-shiftlimit．Mostdoctors，however，resistsuchinterference．”即關(guān)鍵規(guī)定包括一周工作80小時(shí)，最多24小時(shí)輪一次班，但大多數(shù)醫(yī)生討厭這種政府干涉。接下來引用CharlesBinkley醫(yī)生的話來說明醫(yī)生對(duì)這種干涉的反感：“…agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves‘doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience，notbythegovernment’．”，在他看來醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到良心的約束，而不是政府的管制?？梢奀harlesBinkley認(rèn)為“政府干預(yù)過多了”，所以應(yīng)該選擇B。15．Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?A．Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.B．Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.C．Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.D．Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.正確答案：C解析：本題問“作者很可能贊同以下哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)”。短文最后一段給醫(yī)生提出建議，認(rèn)為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該放棄他們決不出錯(cuò)的姿態(tài)，得到充足的休息，否則“patientsareontheirown”，病人就只能聽天由命了。由此可見C“如果醫(yī)生睡眠不足，病人就要冒更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是正確答案。Aslongasherparentscanremember,13-year-oldKatieHarthasbeentalkingaboutgoingtocollege.Hermother,Tally,afinancial-aidofficeratanOhiouniversity,knowsalltoowellthedauntingcalculusofpayingforacollegeeducation.Lastyeartheaverageyearlytuitionataprivate,four-yearschoolclimbed5.5percenttomorethan$17,000.TheHartshavestartedsaving,andfiguretheycanaffordapublicuniversitywithoutaproblem.ButwhatifKatieappliestoPrinceton(she’sthreatening),whereoneyear’stuition,roomandboard—almost$34,000in2002—willcostmorethansomeluxurycars?EvenanumbercruncherlikeTallyadmitsit’salittlescary,especiallysinceshe’llretireandKatiewillgotocollegeata-roundthesametime.Payingforcollegehasalwaysbeenahumblingendeavor.Thegoodnews:lastyearstudentscollected$74billioninfinancialaid,themostever.MostfamiliespaylessthanfullfreightSixtypercentofpublic-universitystudentsandthreequartersofthoseatprivatecollegesreceivesomeformoffinancialaid—mostly,thesedays,intheformofloans.Butthosenumbersarenotasencouragingastheyappearforlower-incomefamilies,becauseschoolsarechangingtheirformulasfordistributingaid.Eagertoboosttheirmagazinerankings,whicharebasedinpartonthetestscoresofenteringfreshmen,they’rethrowingmoreaidatsmarterkids—whethertheyneeditornotThebestwaytoprepareistostartsavingearly.Anewlawpassedlastyearmakesthateasierforsomefamilies.So-called529plansallowparentstosockawayfundsinfederal-tax-free-investment,accounts,aslongasthemoneyisusedfor“qualifiededucationexpenses”liketuition,roomandboard.Theplansaren’tforeveryone.Fortaxreasons,somelowerandmiddle-incomefamiliesmaybebetteroffchoosingotherinvestments.Butsavingisvital.Aidpackagesusuallycomeinsomecombinationofgrants,loansandjobs.Thesedays60percentofallaidcomesintheformoflow-interestloans.Allstudentsareeligiblefor“unsubsidized”federalStaffordloans,whichletthemdeferinterestpaymentsuntilaftergraduation.StudentswhocandemonstrateneedcanalsoqualifyforfederalPerkinsloansor“subsidized”Staffords,wherethegovernmentpaystheinterestduringschool.Traditionalscholarships,academicorathletic,arestillapartofmanyfamilies’planning.MackReiter,a17-year-oldnationalwrestlingchampion,getssomanyrecruitinglettershethrowsmostaway.He’llalmostcertainlygetafreeride.Withoutit,“wewouldreallybeinabind,“sayshismother,JanetForeveryoneelse,it’sworththeefforttopickthroughlocalandnationalscholarshipofferings,whichcanbefoundonWebsiteslikecollegeboard.com.16．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewiththeexampleoftheHarts?A．Thedifficultyofpayingthetuition.B．Theincreasingtuitionintheuniversity.C．Thefar-sightoftheparents.D．ThepromisingfutureofKatie.正確答案：A解析：本題問“作者舉Harts家的例子說明了什么”。第一段中提到“Hermother，…knowsalltoowellthedauntingcalculusofpayingforacollegeeducation．Lastyeartheaverageyearlytuitionataprivate．four-yearschoolclimbed5．5percenttomorethan$17,000…EvenanumbercruncherlikeTallyadmitsit’salittle，scary，…”意思是大學(xué)教育費(fèi)用是一個(gè)令人心跳畏縮的數(shù)字，去年私立四年制大學(xué)的年平均學(xué)費(fèi)增長了5．5％，超過17，000美元，這真有點(diǎn)讓人恐慌。由此可見，這個(gè)例子說明了學(xué)費(fèi)很貴，“支付學(xué)費(fèi)的難度”，故選A。17．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Somefamiliesaretoopoortopaythefulltuition.B．Theparentsdonotfavortheformofloans.C．Payingthetuitionmakestheparentsfeelhumble.D．Thoseingreatneedmaynotgettheaid.正確答案：D解析：本題屬“推理判斷題”。作者在本段指出“Butthosenumberarenotasencouragingastheyappearforlower-incomefamilies，becauseschoolsarechangingtheirformulasfordistributingaid．…they’rethrowingmoreaidatsmarterkids—whethertheyneeditornoL”即學(xué)校正在改變的資助發(fā)放方案不利于那些低收入家庭，學(xué)校把更多的資助給了成績較好的學(xué)生，不管他們是否需要這種資助。也就是說“那些很需要幫助的家庭反而得不到幫助”，故選D。18．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“betteroff”inParagraph3?A．richerB．wiserC．happierD．luckier正確答案：A解析：本題是猜詞題，考查“利用上下文猜‘betteroff’一詞的意思”。本段提到“So—called529plansallowparentstosockawayfundsinfederal—tax-free-investmentaccounts．…Theplansaren’tforeveryone．Fortaxreasons，somelower-andmiddle—incomefamiliesmaybebetteroffchoosingotherin—vestments．”即529方案準(zhǔn)許父母把錢存在聯(lián)邦免稅投資賬戶上，該方案雖有助于存錢，但并不適于每一個(gè)人：由于稅收原因，對(duì)于那些低收入和中等收入家庭來說，選擇其他投資方式會(huì)比這種方式好。從上文“存錢”和下文“投資”二詞，可以猜出“betteroff”有“經(jīng)濟(jì)上更寬裕”的意思，故選A。19．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．TherecruitinglettersMackReiterreceivedofferedhimfullscholarships.B．MackReiterwantedtohelphisfamilygooutofthetrouble.C．Traditionalscholarshipsareagoodsolutiontothetuitionproblemsinsomefamilies.D．MackReiterwasveryproudofhisnationalwrestlingchampionship.正確答案：C解析：本題屬推理題，問“最后一段暗含了什么意思”。短文在最后一段提到“Traditionalscholarships，academicorathletic，arestillapartofmanyfamilies’planning…it’sworththeefforttopickthroughlocalandnationalscholarshipofferings，…”即爭取獲得學(xué)術(shù)或體育等傳統(tǒng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金仍然是很多家庭計(jì)劃的一部分，值得費(fèi)些工夫去網(wǎng)上搜尋可提供的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。也就是說“對(duì)一些家庭而言傳統(tǒng)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金依然是解決學(xué)費(fèi)問題的好辦法”，故C為正確項(xiàng)。20．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothetext?A．TheHartslikeapublicuniversitybetterthanaprivateone.B．ItismucheasiertopaythetuitionatpresentC．Allstudentscongetthesubsidizedloans.D．Traditionalscholarshipsarestillattractivetosomefamilies.正確答案：D解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題，問“哪項(xiàng)正確”。短文最后一段指出“Traditionalscholarships，academicorathletic，arestillapartofmanyfamilies’planning…it’sworththeefforttopickthroughlocalandnationalscholarshipofferings，…”，即爭取獲得學(xué)術(shù)或體育等傳統(tǒng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金仍然是很多家庭計(jì)劃的一部分，也就是說“傳統(tǒng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金對(duì)一些家庭仍然有吸引力”，故選D。StructureandVocabulary21．Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally______tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.A．brokeoffB．brokedownC．brokeoutD．brokethrough正確答案：D解析：本題需弄清以break為中心的四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的意思。A項(xiàng)的breakoff意為“停止講話”；B項(xiàng)的breakdown意為“(因機(jī)械、電力等故障)停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，失靈；失敗，崩潰，瓦解；(身體狀況)變得惡劣”；C項(xiàng)的breakout意為“突然發(fā)生”；D項(xiàng)的breakthrough意為“有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建，突破”。22．Thislittlegirlhasaparticular______forchocolate.Wheneversheseesit,shewillsnatchabarandenjoyittoherheart’scontentA．likingB．likeC．likableD．likely正確答案：A解析：本題為詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)的liking是名詞，通常出現(xiàn)在固定短語havealikingforsth．中，意思是“喜愛某事物”；B項(xiàng)的like作動(dòng)詞可以表示“喜歡，喜愛”的意思，后邊直接加賓語；C項(xiàng)的likable是形容詞，意為“可愛的，討人喜歡的”；D項(xiàng)的likely是形容詞，意為“預(yù)期的，可能的”。23．Thiscomputerisup-to-date“______”afewshortcomingshereandthere.A．exceptB．exceptforC．exceptthatD．but正確答案：B解析：本題需要區(qū)分四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義及用法。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“除……之外”的意思，但是C項(xiàng)的exceptthat后需跟從句，因此可以將其排除。A項(xiàng)的except和D項(xiàng)的but通常指所排除的人或事物是整體的一部分，或者與整體屬于一類。如‘There’snooneherebutme．和IcantakemyholidayatanytimeexceptinAugust．B項(xiàng)的exceptfor可以用來指所排除的人或事物不是整體的一部分或者不與整體屬于一類，而是整體的一個(gè)例外。24．Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelessly______bylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.A．ruinedB．damagedC．destroyedD．harmed正確答案：A解析：在本題中，A項(xiàng)的ruin意為“毀壞”；B項(xiàng)的damage意為“損壞”；C項(xiàng)的destroy意為“摧毀”；D項(xiàng)的harm意為“損害，傷害”。這四個(gè)詞意思接近，但用法不同。首先排除D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閔arm的賓語往往是人或人的“感情、名譽(yù)、健康、關(guān)系”等。而句中的主語是manuscripts(手稿)，所以不合適。25．Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto______itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.A．extendB．enlargeC．expandD．a(chǎn)mplify正確答案：C解析：本題也是近義詞辨析，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞都有“擴(kuò)大”的意思，但要跟后面的賓語”operation”搭配，只有C項(xiàng)的“expand”適合。26．Thatsounddoesn’t______inhislanguage,soit’sdifficultforhimtopronounceit.A．happenB．occurC．haveD．takeplace正確答案：B解析：本題的四個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語中，除了C項(xiàng)have以外，都含“發(fā)生”的意思，但其中只有B項(xiàng)的occur含有“出現(xiàn)”的意思，適合本句的上下文。27．Theaccommodationwascheap,butthefoodwasvery______.A．highB．costlyC．dearD．overpaid正確答案：B解析：本題中間的but一詞要求考生找出前一分句中的cheap的反義詞。但四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，可以首先排除A和D，因?yàn)锳項(xiàng)high的反義詞是low，D項(xiàng)overpaid的反義詞是underpaid。B和C都能表示“昂貴”的意思，但C項(xiàng)的dear常跟price，shop，rate等搭配。28．Mybossinsistsonseeingeverythingin______beforehemakesadecision.A．blackandblueB．redandblueC．blackandwhiteD．greenandyellow正確答案：C解析：此題的四個(gè)短語中，B和D不是習(xí)語，不成立，應(yīng)首先排除。A項(xiàng)的blackandblue意為“青腫的；淤血的”，與上下文意思不符。C項(xiàng)的blackandwhite意為“白紙黑字，黑白分明，清清楚楚”，符合本句的意思，為本題的正確答案。29．Theworkisnotveryprofitable______cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromitA．inthelightofB．a(chǎn)ccordingtoC．onthebasisofD．intermsof正確答案：D解析：本題A項(xiàng)inthelightof的意思是“鑒于，根據(jù)”；B項(xiàng)accordingto意為“根據(jù)”；C項(xiàng)onthebasisof意為“根據(jù)，在……基礎(chǔ)上”；D項(xiàng)intermsof意為“在……方面，就……方面來說”。30．Atthemeeting,Smithargued______infavoroftheproposal.A．severelyB．warmlyC．forcefullyD．heavily正確答案：C解析：本題中四個(gè)副詞的意思分別是：A項(xiàng)嚴(yán)厲地；B項(xiàng)熱情地；C項(xiàng)強(qiáng)有力地；D項(xiàng)嚴(yán)重地，劇烈地。根據(jù)句子的意思，只有C適合。31．Hisattentionoften______atlectures,Nowonderh