外研版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT6 Period4課件

Period4

Unit6

Spaceandbeyond主題語境人與自然——宇宙奧秘探索課時學案單元語法講練(Usinglanguage)(1)submit...to...

把……提交給……submitto... 順從于……(to是介詞)submitoneselfto... 使自己順從于……(to是介詞)(2)submissionn．

提交；屈服1．submitv．提交；順從，屈服[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thereport_________(submit)tothemanageryesterdaywasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting．②Nocountrywouldsubmitto_______________(control)byanothercountryintheworld．③Thefinaldateforthe__________(submit)ofproposalsisMarch14．submittedbeingcontrolledsubmission④對這次夏令營感興趣的人必須在5月15日前提交申請書和相關(guān)資料。Thosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmust_____________________________________________byMay15．submittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterials(1)signin/out

簽到/簽退signtosb．todosth．

打手勢(讓某人)做某事(2)asignof... ……的標志/跡象2．signup(for)報名參加(……)[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Ifyouareinterested，sign___onourschoolwebsitebeforeAugust10．②Hewasdesperatelysigningtomenot___________(mention)anythingabouthim．③Incommunication，asmileisusually__strongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude．④我們班一些同學一聽到消息，就馬上分小組報名參加。Hardlyhadtheygotthenewswhensomeofmyclassmates___________________________immediately．uptomentionasignedup(forit)ingroups復習情態(tài)動詞1．can和could(1)表示能力。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去一般的能力。MygrandmothercandosomeshoppingontheInternet，butshecouldn'tlastyear．我奶奶會網(wǎng)購了，但是去年她還不會。

[名師點津]

was/wereableto表示有能力并且成功地做成了某事。Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingveryquickly，buteveryonewasabletogetout．盡管這場大火迅速蔓延了整個大樓，但是每個人都逃了出去。(2)can用于肯定句中，表示理論上的可能性，意為“有時候可能會”。Everythingcanhappen，everythingispossibleandprobable．任何事情都有可能發(fā)生，沒有什么是不可能的。(3)表示請求和允許。could表示更委婉的語氣，回答時只能用can?！狢ould/CanIuseyourbike?——我可以用你的自行車嗎？—Ofcourseyoucan．——當然可以。(4)表示推測，常用于疑問句和否定句。Whatcantheybedoingthere?他們可能正在那里干什么？Hecan'tbeintheclassroom，forthelighthasbeenturnedoff．他不可能在教室，因為燈已經(jīng)關(guān)了。[即時訓練1]單句語法填空/完成句子①Parentsaredoingallthey___tohelptheirchildrenachievetheirambitions．②Sheaskedtheclerkifshe_____arrangetheexaminationatabouttenthenextday．③以我來看，一個沒有朋友的人永遠不會幸福。Inmyopinion，apersonwithoutfriends_____________________．④只有通過面對面交談我們才有機會說服他改變主意。Onlybytalkingfacetoface______________________topersuadehimtochangehismind．cancouldcanneverbehappycanwehavethechance2．may和might(1)表示請求或許可。在疑問句中，might比may語氣更委婉；給予許可時肯定回答用may而不用might，否定回答一般用mustn't/can't?！狹ay/MightIplaythecomputergamesaftersupper?——晚飯后我可以玩電腦游戲嗎？—Yes，youmay．/No，youmustn't/can't．——是的，可以。/不，不行。(2)表示推測，意為“可能，或許”。Wemaygotothecinematonight，butwearenotsureyet．我們今晚或許去看電影，但還未確定。(3)用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。Mayyoubehappyeverydayandsucceedinyourwork!祝你每天都過得開心且工作順利！(4)“may/mightaswell＋動詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”。Thereisnothingtodo，soImay/mightaswellgotobed．沒什么事可做，我還是上床睡覺好了。[即時訓練2]單句語法填空/完成句子①Lifeisunpredictable；eventhepoorest__________becometherichest．②They____behavingameeting，butI'mnotsure．③當我有不同的觀點時，我或許會選擇把它放棄而尊重大多數(shù)人的觀點。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，I_____________________andrespecttheopinionofthemajority．may/mightmaymaychoosetogiveitup④我們倒不如利用這次機會來提高我們的口語水平。We____________________________________________toimproveouroralEnglish．might/mayaswelltakeadvantageoftheopportunity3．must和haveto(1)表示“必須；應該”，must一般指主觀，而haveto指客觀上表示“不得不”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep．我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。IhavetogonowforI'veameeting15minuteslater．我必須走了，因為15分鐘后有個會。(2)表示推測，意為“一定會”，此時只能用在肯定句中。Youhaveworkedhardallday．Youmustbetired．辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(3)mustn't表禁止，而haveto的否定式意為“不必”。Youmustn'tplaywiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself．你千萬不要玩刀，否則會傷到自己的。Wedon'thavetotakeittooseriously—justforfun．我們不必把它看得太認真——只是為了玩耍。(4)表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)，意為“偏要，硬要”。Ifyoumustplay，pleasegoout．如果你硬要玩，那就出去吧。

[即時訓練3]單句語法填空/完成句子①I'msorry，butyou____gowrong．There'snosuchmanhere．②Ifyou____goandplayfootball，atleastwaituntilschoolisover．③最后一班公共汽車開走了，他只好步行回家。Thelastbushadgone，sohe______________________．④你不可以在這里停車！這是緊急出口。You________________It'sanemergencyexit．mustmusthadtogohomeonfootmustn'tparkhere4．will和would(1)表示意志、意愿和決心。用于各種人稱，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Wewillnevergiveupworking，whateverhappens．無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不會放棄工作。Theysaidthattheywouldfightagainstthehaze．他們說要與霧霾作斗爭。(2)表示請求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問句，would比will更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupleasetakeamessageforme?你能幫我捎個口信嗎？(3)表示習慣。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Shewilllistentomusicforhours．她總是聽音樂一聽就是幾個小時。WewouldsitaroundGrandpaaftersupper，listeningtohisstories．過去，晚飯后我們總會坐在爺爺周圍，聽他講故事。[名師點津]

would與usedto兩者均表示“過去常常”，但would表示過去重復、習慣性動作；而usedto則強調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的對比。Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening．以前，他晚間常在森林附近散步。Heusedtospendallhismoneyonfoodanddrink；nowhelivesasimplelife．他過去把錢都花在吃喝上；現(xiàn)在可節(jié)省了。[即時訓練4]單句語法填空/完成句子①Whenhelivedinthecountryside，he_____gofishingeveryday．②___________youtellmesomethingaboutlocalcustoms?③我過去常常開車上班，但是現(xiàn)在我騎自行車上班。I_______________________，butnowIgotoworkbybike．④我們永遠不會放棄努力實現(xiàn)夢想。We________________tryingtomakeourdreamscometrue．wouldWould/Willusedtogotoworkbycarwillnevergiveup5．shall和should(1)shall用于第一和第三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。ShallIbuysomepicturebooksforthechildren?要我給孩子們買些圖畫書嗎？(2)shall用于第二和第三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅；此外，當頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall。Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirstbeforeyougooutandplay．你得先做完作業(yè)再出去玩。Noreadershallremoveabookfromthelibrarywithoutpermission．未經(jīng)許可，讀者不可以把書帶出圖書館。(3)should表示勸告和建議，意為“應該”。此時oughtto比should語氣要強。Youshould/oughttoputmoreeffortintoyourwork．你應該更加努力地工作。(4)should表示預測可能性，意為“按道理應該會”。HeleftParisinthemorning．Soheshouldarriveherebysuppertime．他早上離開巴黎。因此他晚飯前應該能到。(5)should表示驚訝、意外等情緒，意為“竟然”。Itisstrangethatsuchthingsshouldhappeninourschool．真奇怪，這樣的事情竟然在我們學校發(fā)生了。[即時訓練5]單句語法填空/完成句子①You_____bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone．②Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady．shallshould③你犯了那么多錯。下次應該認真。Youhavemadesomanymistakes．You________________________________．④我們有一條規(guī)定，那就是每個學生在校期間都必須穿校服。Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent________________________whileatschool．should/oughttobecarefulnexttimeshallwearschooluniforms6．need和dare(1)need既可作實義動詞，也可作情態(tài)動詞。作情態(tài)動詞時，后跟動詞原形，表示“需要，有必要”，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。Tonyhasknownthegoodnews，soyouneedn'ttellittohim．托尼已經(jīng)知道了這個好消息，因此你不必再告訴他了。NeedIpaythewholeamountnow?我必須現(xiàn)在全部付清嗎？[名師點津]由need開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用needn't或don'thaveto?！狽eedIanswerthequestion?——我需要回答那個問題嗎？—Yes，youmust．/No，youneedn't/don'thaveto．——是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。(2)dare既可以作實義動詞，也可以作情態(tài)動詞。作情態(tài)動詞時多用于疑問句、否定句、條件狀語從句以及表示懷疑的名詞性從句中，表示“敢……”。Idarenotwalkthroughthewoodatnight．夜間，我不敢在小樹林里走。Howdareyoutalktomelikethat?你竟敢那樣對我說話？[即時訓練6]完成句子①他嚇得不敢動。Hewassofrightenedthathe________________________________．②如果你有什么重要的事要做的話，今晚的會議就不要參加了。You_____________________________________thisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo．darednotmove/didn'tdaretomoveneedn't/don'tneedtocometothemeeting7．情態(tài)動詞＋havedone(1)musthavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的事情十分肯定的推測，意為“想必/準是/一定做過某事。”Fromwhatyousaid，shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit．從你所說的來看，她一定把一切都告訴你了。(2)can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑問句，表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，意為“不可能已經(jīng)……”或“可能已經(jīng)……了嗎？”；用在肯定句中，表示對過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性的遺憾，意為“本來能做……實際上卻未做”。MrSmithcan'thavegonetoBeijing，forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow．史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因為我剛才還在圖書館看見他了。Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyoudidn'ttryyourbest．你本來能做得更好，但你沒盡全力。(3)should/oughttohavedone表示“過去本應該做某事而(實際上)沒有做”，含有責備或遺憾的語氣；其否定形式表示“某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了”。Youshouldhavedonemoreexercisebefore．以前你應該多進行鍛煉的。Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou．Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword．我真的為你擔心。你本不該不打聲招呼就離開家。(4)needhavedone表示“本需要做某事而實際未做”；needn'thavedone表示“本不必做某事而實際做了”。Asitturnedouttobeasmallfamilyparty，weneedn'thavedressedupsoformally．由于這是一個小型的家庭聚會，我們本來沒必要穿得那么正式。(5)may/mighthavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測，意思是“也許已經(jīng)做了某事，可能已經(jīng)做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。Hemighthavesaidsoatthemeeting，butI'mnotsure．他或許在會上說過這樣的話，但我說不準。[即時訓練7]單句語法填空/完成句子①Heneedn't_____________(water)theflowers，butheneededtodosomethingtokilltime．②他本可以通過這次考試的，可是他太粗心了。He_________________________，buthewastoocareless．havewateredcouldhavepassedtheexam③你很熟悉這個城市；你一定在這里待了很長時間。Youareveryfamiliarwiththecity；you_____________________________________．④他們不應該走那么早。瞧，經(jīng)理正在發(fā)火。They_________________________．Look，themanagerislosinghistemper．musthavestayedhereforalongtimeshouldn'thaveleftsoearly用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空Hi，Elisa，DoyourememberthatwritingcompetitionItoldyouabout?Well，myteachersuggestedIgoinforit，soIthinkI1．____．IthinkthehardestthingformewillbethefactthatI2．________________writemorethan600words．OnceIstartwritingIjustcan'tstop，soI3．____controlmyselfifIwanttokeepwithinthelimit．willshall/should/mustneedThegoodthingisthatI4．_______writeaboutanyspecifictopic—I5．____choosethatmyself．ButIthinkI6．______________writeaboutsomethingI'mfamiliarwith．I7．__________baseitaroundafishingtriporatennismatch．I8．________senditinbytheendofthemonth，soI'dbetterstartwritingsoon，asI9．____goskiingonthe19th．Wishmeluck!Timneedn'tcanshould/oughttocould/canhavetowill①sourceoffascination魅力源泉②archeologicaladj．考古的③inreality事實上，實際上④thenakedeye肉眼⑤investigatev．調(diào)查，研究課下預習第二篇課文(Developingideas)⑥dramaticallyadv．巨大地；戲劇性地⑦telescopen．望遠鏡⑧anglev．斜置⑨galaxyn．星系⑩theMilkyWay銀河系?cosmicadj．宇宙的?launchv．發(fā)射?breathtakinglyadv．驚人地?imagen．形象，影像?conceivablyadv．可以相信地；可想象地?atanever-increasingspeed以越來越快的速度?beengagedin從事于；忙于?advancedtelescope先進的望遠鏡?becomposedof由……組成/構(gòu)成?subatomicparticle亞原子粒子subatomicadj．亞原子的；原子內(nèi)的particlen．粒子?invisibleadj．看不見的?constructv．建造，創(chuàng)建?questfor探求，探索EYESUPONTHENIGHTThenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascination①sincethestartofhumanhistory．Forexample，themysteriouslarge-eyed，bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom，discoveredattheChinesearcheological②siteatSanxingdui，werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars．Inreality③，humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye④．And，foralongwhile，peoplewereunabletounderstandwhattheycouldsee．[1]Notknowingwhatthestarswere，peopleinancienttimesusedtheirimaginationstocreateaworldinthesky．[1]notknowingwhatthestarswere為動詞-ing形式短語的否定形式，在句中作狀語；what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作表語。[2]Ourpowertoinvestigate⑤andthusunderstandspacechangeddramatically⑥whenthefirsttelescope⑦wasangled⑧atthenightsky，increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthattheuniverseisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable．Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown，manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons．Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxy⑨wecalltheMilkyWay⑩．Some300yearslater，welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsofothers，spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmic?ocean．[2]本句句子主干為ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramatically，主語中心詞為ourpower，動詞不定式作后置定語；when引導時間狀語從句；第二個and連接并列的結(jié)果狀語。Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented，theHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunched?intoorbit，givingastronomers—indeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakingly?beautifulimages?ofouruniversetakenfrombeyondEarth．Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances，[3]fromenormouscloudsofgaswherestarsarebeingborn，tohugeblackholes，andeventonewplanetswherewemightconceivably?findlife．Notonlythat—ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureoftheuniverse，and[4]discovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed?．[3]句中的兩個where引導的從句均為定語從句，分別修飾gas和planets。[4]句中that引導同位語從句。Toseeevenfurtherintotheuniverse，manycountriesarenowengagedin?buildingevermoreadvancedtelescopes?．Currently，Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope，theFASTtelescope，completedin2016．The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”，asitisknown，isbeingusedinthesearchfordarkmatter，thoughttobecomposedof?subatomicparticles?

invisible?toordinarytelescopes．Thisvastdishalsohastheabilitytoexploreregionsofspacebillionsoflight