北京市昌平區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語試題【含答案解析】

昌平區(qū)2024—2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級期末質(zhì)量抽測英語試卷本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AfterNewYeardinner,ourfamilywasrelaxingaroundthetable.Mysister,ourcook,tookpleasureinourpraisesforthemeal,whileDadstoodnearby,smiling.Mynephew,neverstillforlong,begandribbling(運(yùn)球)hisnewbasketballaroundtheroom.WhenhenearedDad,he___1___—almostuncertainly.Withshakinghands,Dadreachedoutfortheball,andaftersomehesitation(猶豫),itwasgiventohim.I___2___Dadtoseehowhewouldreact.AplayfulsmileappearedonDad’sface,andhiseyesshonebrighterthananylights.Holdingtheballandreachingforward,hebouncedtheballonthefloor,___3___it,andrepeatedthemotion.Then,noddinghappily,he___4___therestofusandinvitedustobeginagameofcatch.Theballpassedbetween___5___hands,withcriesof“Overhere!”fillingthekitchen.AlthoughDadhadAlzheimer’s(阿爾茲海默癥),whichtookawayhismemoriesandtherecognitionofpeople,things,andpointsintime,heclearlyrecognizedthe___6___andcaughtit.Forme,thiswasmeaningful.Inmyyoungeryears,I___7___playedwithDadbecauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion.___8___momentsbetweenfatherandsonhadbeenfewbeforehetookthebasketball.I’mnotsurehowlongweplayed,butitdidn’tmatter.Dadjoyfullyledusuntilhebegantofeeltired.WhatIdoknowisthatourgame___9___,anditwastimetofacetherealityofdirtydishesonthetable,butthememoryofthatgamewilllastforever.OnthatNewYears’Day,Dadgavemeaprecious_____10_____—amomentIwillalwaystreasure.1.A.ran B.stopped C.laughed D.fell2.A.calmed B.searched C.asked D.watched3.A.picked B.left C.caught D.touched4.A.turnedto B.agreedwith C.clappedfor D.dependedon5.A.helpful B.skillful C.gentle D.eager6.A.person B.ball C.day D.room7.A.once B.sometimes C.seldom D.often8.A.Connecting B.Celebrating C.Inspiring D.Caring9.A.lasted B.ended C.changed D.failed10.A.lesson B.promise C.gift D.option【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者和家人一起玩接球游戲，患有阿爾茲海默癥的父親也參與其中，這讓作者感受到了父愛的溫暖，成為作者永遠(yuǎn)珍藏的記憶。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他靠近爸爸時，他幾乎不確定地停了下來。A.ran跑；B.stopped停止；C.laughed大笑；D.fell摔倒。根據(jù)后文“Withshakinghands,Dadreachedoutfortheball,andaftersomehesitation(猶豫),itwasgiventohim.”可知，爸爸手顫抖著去接球，猶豫之后，球才到了他手里，說明侄子靠近爸爸時，停了下來，把球給了爸爸。故選B。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看著爸爸，看他會有什么反應(yīng)。A.calmed使冷靜；B.searched搜索；C.asked詢問；D.watched觀看。根據(jù)后文“AplayfulsmileappearedonDad’sface,andhiseyesshonebrighterthananylights.”可知，作者看著爸爸，才看到了爸爸臉上的笑容，和發(fā)亮的眼睛。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他拿著球向前伸，把球在地板上彈了一下，接住它，然后重復(fù)這個動作。A.picked撿起；B.left離開；C.caught接?。籇.touched觸摸。根據(jù)后文“invitedustobeginagameofcatch”可知，此處指把球接住。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后，他高興地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，轉(zhuǎn)向我們其他人，邀請我們開始玩接球游戲。A.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向；B.agreedwith同意；C.clappedfor為……鼓掌；D.dependedon依靠。根據(jù)后文“therestofusandinvitedustobeginagameofcatch”可知，爸爸轉(zhuǎn)向我們其他人，邀請我們開始玩接球游戲。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：球在熱切的手中傳遞，廚房里充滿了“這邊！”的喊聲。A.helpful有幫助的；B.skillful熟練的；C.gentle溫柔的；D.eager熱切的。根據(jù)后文“Withcriesof“Overhere!”fillingthekitchen.”可知，廚房里充滿了“這邊！”的喊聲，說明大家玩接球游戲時，都很熱切。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管爸爸患有阿爾茨海默病，這奪走了他的記憶和對人、事物和時間點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識，但他清楚地認(rèn)出了球，并接住了它。A.person人；B.ball球；C.day天；D.room房間。根據(jù)前文“Mynephew,neverstillforlong,begandribbling(運(yùn)球)hisnewbasketballaroundtheroom.”可知，侄子在房間里運(yùn)球，所以此處指的是爸爸認(rèn)出了球，并接住了它。故選B?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在我年輕的時候，我很少和爸爸一起玩，因?yàn)樗ぷ骱苄量?，很少表達(dá)情感。A.once曾經(jīng)；B.sometimes有時；C.seldom很少；D.often經(jīng)常。根據(jù)后文“becauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion”可知，因?yàn)榘职止ぷ骱苄量?，很少表達(dá)情感，所以我很少和爸爸一起玩。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在他拿起籃球之前，父子之間很少有交流的時刻。A.Connecting連接的；B.Celebrating慶祝的；C.Inspiring鼓舞人心的；D.Caring體貼的。根據(jù)前文“becauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion”可知，爸爸工作很辛苦，很少表達(dá)情感，所以父子之間連接時刻不多，即很少有交流的時刻。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我所知道的是，我們的游戲結(jié)束了，是時候面對桌上臟盤子的現(xiàn)實(shí)了，但那場游戲的記憶將永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去。A.lasted持續(xù)；B.ended結(jié)束；C.changed改變；D.failed失敗。根據(jù)后文“anditwastimetofacetherealityofdirtydishesonthetable”可知，是時候面對桌上臟盤子的現(xiàn)實(shí)了，說明游戲結(jié)束了。故選B。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那個新年，爸爸給了我一份珍貴的禮物——一個我將永遠(yuǎn)珍藏的時刻。A.lesson課；B.promise承諾；C.gift禮物；D.option選擇。根據(jù)后文“amomentIwillalwaystreasure”可知，那個和爸爸一起玩接球游戲的時刻，對作者來說，是一份珍貴的禮物，作者將永遠(yuǎn)珍藏。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Areyouanewrunner?Hereissomeadviceforyou—itisimportant____11____(warm)upandcooldownproperlybeforeandafterrunning,soyoudonothurtyourself.Awarm-upgetsyourbloodflowingfasterandpreparesyourbody____12____youtakeexercise.Afteralongrun,youshouldjogslowly____13____tenminutes,thenwalk.Suchkindofwarm-downrelaxesyourbodyafterexercise.【答案】11.towarm12.before13.for【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要給新跑步者提供了一些關(guān)于跑步前后如何正確熱身和放松建議?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：以下是一些給你的建議——跑步前后正確地?zé)嵘砗头潘墒欠浅Ｖ匾?，這樣可以避免受傷。“itis+adj.+todosth.”的固定句型，it為形式主語，動詞不定式是真正的主語。故填towarm。【12題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：熱身能讓你的血液流動得更快，并在你鍛煉之前準(zhǔn)備好你的身體。根據(jù)句意“熱身能讓你的血液流動得更快，并在你鍛煉之前準(zhǔn)備好你的身體”，需要填入一個表示時間順序的連詞，表示“在……之前”應(yīng)用before。故填before?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：長跑結(jié)束后，你應(yīng)該先慢跑十分鐘，然后再步行?？仗幮枰钊胍粋€表示時間段的介詞，“for”后接一段時間，表示持續(xù)的時間，符合句意。故填for。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ZhangTiangraduatedfromuniversityandgotateacher’scertificatelastyear.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhe____14____(go)toabigcitytofindateachingjobinthefuture.However,hewantedtostartanewlifestyle.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhe____15____(inspire)bythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.Heimaginedallsortsof____16____(excite)thingsaboutteachingandlivinginthevillage.【答案】14.wouldgo15.wasinspired16.exciting【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了張?zhí)齑髮W(xué)畢業(yè)后，沒有選擇去大城市找工作，而是受到早年遇到的來自小村莊的優(yōu)秀老師的啟發(fā)，決定去最需要他的地方教書，開啟一種全新的生活方式?！?4題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他的父母，和大多數(shù)人一樣，希望他將來能去大城市找一份教書的工作。空處作謂語，此句中的hoped表明是希望將來發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用過去將來時。過去將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)是“would+動詞原形”，因此這里填wouldgo。故填wouldgo?！?5題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他在早年求學(xué)時遇到過一些來自小村莊的優(yōu)秀老師，他們激勵他去最需要他的地方教書。空處作謂語，此句中的bythem表明張?zhí)焓鞘艿剿麄兊膯l(fā)，所以應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，又因?yàn)槲恼旅枋龅氖沁^去的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，即was/were+過去分詞，主語he是單數(shù)，be動詞用was。故填wasinspired?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他想象著在村里教書和生活的各種令人興奮的事情。修飾名詞things，需用形容詞作定語，修飾的主體是物，需用-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞。故填exciting。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheChineseNewYear,whoseorigincanbedatedbacktotheShangDynasty,isthe____17____(big)Chinesefestivalbothsociallyandeconomically.Food____18____(play)animportantroleinChineseNewYear.DumplingsareimportanttotheNewYeardinner;their____19____(important)laysintheirshapebecauseitissimilartotheshapeofaChinesegoldennugget(磚).FishisalsoimportantasfishinChineseis“yu”____20____meansplentiful.【答案】17.biggest18.plays19.importance20.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國新年的起源、重要性以及新年食物中餃子和魚的象征意義?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：中國新年，其起源可追溯至商朝，是社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)上最盛大的中國節(jié)日。空處修飾名詞festival，需用形容詞作定語，根據(jù)句意可知，定冠詞the修飾形容詞最高級。故填biggest。【18題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：食物在中國新年中扮演著重要角色。句子描述的是一個客觀事實(shí)，即食物在中國新年中扮演著重要角色，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Food是單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填plays。【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：餃子是年夜飯中的重要食物，它們的重要性在于其形狀，因?yàn)樗c中國金元寶的形狀相似?？仗幾髦髡Z，需用名詞importance。故填importance。【20題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：魚也很重要，因?yàn)橹形闹械摹棒~”寓意著“余”（富足）?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞yu，指物，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWearedelightedtobeabletoofferfreedeskspacetoworkwithintheImaginateoffice.Thisspaceisfreeforpeopleworkingwithorcreatingforyoungaudiences—makers,designers,technicians,producers,programmers—butmustbebookedaheadoftime.AsourofficegetsbusierinthemonthsleadinguptotheFestival,thehotdeskishardertobookfromMarchtomid-JuneespeciallyonMondaysandWednesdays.Pleaseemailinfo@withyourpreferreddaysandanyaccess(訪問)requirementsorquestionsifyou’dliketocomehot-desking.Whoishot-deskingfor?Anyonewhoworksin/whoisinterestedinworkingwithyoungaudiences:artists,designers,employeesofartsorganisations.Whatdoyouget?●Accesstoadeskandaconnectionpointtouseyourlaptop●Freeteaandcoffee,aswellasaccesstoakitchenforlunch●FreeaccesstoaprinterandFreeWi-FiWhatdoesatypicalweekinImaginateofficelooklike?AtImaginate,weworkinabigopenspacewithgoodnaturaldaylight.Welikechattingaboutourday,thelatestshowwe’veseenandhavepassionatediscussionaboutsocialproblemsorthelatestTVseriesairing.Theofficecanbequitenoisy,especiallybetween13:00-14:00whereweallgatheraroundthebigtablewithdrinksorfoods.We’dbedelightedifyoucouldjoinusforlunch,butfeelfreetostepoutforsomefreshairifyouprefer.Whydowewanttoshareourspacewithyou?WeofferArtsWorkersspacesforhot-deskinginourofficebecause:●weknowwhatitfeelsliketoworkfromhomemostofthedayandneedachangeofsettingwithouthavingtopayforendlesscoffees.●weknowwhatitfeelsliketobeonadaytrip,have2hourstokillandbenotsurewhattodobeforecatchingthecheapertrain.yourpresenceisgoodforourownnetworking,soyou’realsohelpingusbykeepinguscompany!Formoreinformation,welcometovisitourhomepagehttps:.21.TousehotdesksinImaginateoffice,oneneedsto______.A.sharelunchwiththeworkers B.payforthespaceandserviceC.bookthedeskspacebyemail D.keepquietwhileworkingthere22.TheImaginateofficeoffershotdesksto______.A.encouragepeopletoworkfromhome B.makesomemoneyfromsellingcoffeeC.provideachancetoplanone’sdaytrip D.benefitthecustomersandthecompany23.Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom______.A.atravelguidebook B.acompanywebsiteC.alocalnewsreport D.aninstructionbook【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Imaginate辦公室提供的免費(fèi)共享辦公桌（hot-desking）服務(wù)，包括服務(wù)對象、提供的設(shè)施、辦公室環(huán)境以及開放此服務(wù)的初衷等?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisspaceisfreeforpeopleworkingwithorcreatingforyoungaudiences—makers,designers,technicians,producers,programmers—butmustbebookedaheadoftime.Pleaseemailinfo@withyourpreferreddaysandanyaccessrequirementsorquestionsifyou’dliketocomehot-desking.(這個空間免費(fèi)提供給為年輕觀眾工作或創(chuàng)作的人——制作者、設(shè)計師、技術(shù)人員、制作人、程序員——但必須提前預(yù)訂。如果您想來使用共享辦公桌，請通過電子郵件info@告知我們您偏好的日期以及任何訪問要求或問題。)”可知，要使用Imaginate辦公室的共享辦公桌，需要通過電子郵件提前預(yù)訂。故選C。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WeofferArtsWorkersspacesforhot-deskinginourofficebecause:...yourpresenceisgoodforourownnetworking,soyou’realsohelpingusbykeepinguscompany!(我們在辦公室為藝術(shù)工作者提供共享辦公桌的空間，因?yàn)椋骸愕拇嬖趯ξ覀兊纳缃痪W(wǎng)絡(luò)有好處，所以你也在通過陪伴我們幫助我們！)”可知，Imaginate辦公室提供共享辦公桌是為了讓藝術(shù)工作者有一個工作的空間，同時也對公司自身的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)有好處，即使客戶和公司都受益。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Formoreinformation,welcometovisitourhomepagehttps:.(如需更多信息，歡迎訪問我們的主頁：https:.)”可知，這里提到了公司的主頁網(wǎng)址，由此可推知，本文很可能來自公司的網(wǎng)站。故選B。BI’vealwayslovedcats.Butuntilnineyearsago,mypetcatshadahighnumberofdeaths.Idecidedthatmynextcatwasgoingtoliveindoorsonly.ButthencameOliver.Hewasleftatavet’soffice.Mysisterworkedthere,andtheworkerswerehavingtroublefindinghimahome.Theworkersfoundhimordinary.Theyonlykepthimbecausehewasawillingblooddonor(捐獻(xiàn)者).Itbrokemysister’shearttoseethelittlecatofferhisarmfortheneedle(針).So,shecalledmetocomeandseehim.WhenImetOliver,Ifellinloveimmediately.Hehadsoftblackfur(毛皮)withawhiteundercoat,aroundface,andgoldeneyes.InamedhimOliverandbroughthimhome.ButOliverwasn’tanindoors-onlycat.Hecriedatthedoorandtriedtogetout.Aftermuchdiscussion,myfamilyandIbuilta30-by-15-footoutdoorcatrunwithwalls,grassandtoys.Oliverlovedit-lyinginthegrass,enjoyingthesun,andwatchingbirds.Butthatwasnottheendofit!Thecatrunoverlookedanemptylot,inspiringtheideaforawildlifegarden.So,Ireadbooksandmagazines,visitedchild-carecentresandwentongardentourstoeducatemyself.IwasnotsureifIhadtheskillsorknowledgetodoitright,butIreasoned,noonewouldeverseethegardenbutus.Withmydad,aretiredworker,andtherestofmyfamily,weclearedtheland,plantedthousandsoftrees,bushes,andflowers,andaddedroads,apool,andgardendecorations-muchofitcat-themed.Everythingwasperfect!Our“MeyerCatGarden”soonattractedbirds,squirrels,frogs,andevendeer.AfriendsuggesteditforSpokane’sgardentour,and5,000visitorscame.Peopleloveditsemotionandcreativity.Mediacoveragefollowed,andsincethen,over10,000peoplehavetouredthegarden,fromnursinghomememberstonationalgardengroups.Theprojectchangedmylife.Workingtogetherbroughtmyfamilycloser.Whatmattersmost,Ibecameanexperiencedgardener,headofourgardenclub,andconfidentinpublicspeaking.Oliver,ourinspiration,watchesthegardenfromhiscatrun,satisfiedandsafe.Wejokethatwiththecostofplants,decorations,andcountlesshoursoflabor,we’vespentover$100,000-earningOliverthetitleofour“$100,000homelesscat.”24.ThewriterbroughtOliverhomebecauseshe______.A.neededapetblooddonor B.wantedtohelphersisterC.feltsorryforherlastcats D.lovedhimatthefirstsight25.Thewriterdecidedtobuildanoutdoorcatrunto______.A.meetOliver’sneed B.attractmorewildlifeC.startagardenproject D.learngardeningskills26.Accordingtothepassage,the“MeyerCatGarden”______.A.broughtinspirationtothewriter B.helpedwiththewriter’sgrowthC.attractedmorecatstothefamily D.wasbuiltbythewritereffortlessly27.Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A.Strictandserious. B.Braveandfocused.C.Gentleandoutgoing. D.Creativeandcaring.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者因?yàn)槭震B(yǎng)了流浪貓Oliver，受其啟發(fā)而建造了一個“MeyerCatGarden”，這個花園不僅改變了作者的生活，還吸引了大量游客，使作者成為了一個有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的園藝師和演講者?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenImetOliver,Ifellinloveimmediately.Hehadsoftblackfurwithawhiteundercoat,aroundface,andgoldeneyes.InamedhimOliverandbroughthimhome.(當(dāng)我見到Oliver時，我立刻愛上了他。他有柔軟的黑色皮毛，下面是白色的絨毛，圓圓的臉，金色的眼睛。我給他起名叫Oliver，并把他帶回了家。)”可知，作者第一眼看到Oliver就愛上了他，所以把他帶回了家。故選D。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ButOliverwasn’tanindoors-onlycat.Hecriedatthedoorandtriedtogetout.Aftermuchdiscussion,myfamilyandIbuilta30-by-15-footoutdoorcatrunwithwalls,grassandtoys.(但Oliver不是一只只待在室內(nèi)的貓。他在門口哭喊著想出去。經(jīng)過多次討論，我和我的家人建了一個30乘15英尺的室外貓跑道，有墻、草地和玩具。)”可知，作者決定建造一個室外貓跑道是為了滿足Oliver的需求。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theprojectchangedmylife.Workingtogetherbroughtmyfamilycloser.Whatmattersmost,Ibecameanexperiencedgardener,headofourgardenclub,andconfidentinpublicspeaking.(這個項(xiàng)目改變了我的生活。一起工作讓我的家人更親密了。最重要的是，我成為了一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的園藝師，我們花園俱樂部的負(fù)責(zé)人，并且對公開演講充滿信心。)”可知，“MeyerCatGarden”幫助了作者成長。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章講述了作者收養(yǎng)了一只流浪貓Oliver，并受其啟發(fā)建造了一個吸引了大量游客的“MeyerCatGarden”，這表明作者是一個有愛心且有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選D。CForyears,scientistshavebelievedthattheonlywayoxygencouldbecreatedintheoceanwasthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).That’showplantsturnsunlightintoenergywhilealsoproducingoxygen.Hugeamountsofoxygengetproducedinthesunlightoftheupperocean,butscientistsexpectedthatonthedarkoceanbottom,oxygenlevelswoulddropasanimalsusedthewater’soxygenforenergy.Butin2013,AndrewSweetman,ascientistwhostudiestheoceanfloor,begantonoticesomethingstrange.Whenhemeasuredtheoxygeninthewaterabovetheoceanfloor,hefoundthatthelevelsofoxygenwererising.Thatdidn’tmakesense.Dr.Sweetmanthoughthisequipmentwasn’tworking.In2021,heusedadifferentmethodtomeasuretheoxygenlevels.Thenewmeasurementsalsoshowedoxygenlevelsrising.That’swhenherealizedsomethingunusualwasgoingon.Somehow,oxygenwasbeingcreatedonthedarkoceanfloor.Dr.Sweetmannoticedthatsomesmallrock-likeobjectscalled“polymetallicnodules(多金屬結(jié)核)”,whichformnaturallyontheoceanfloorovermillionsofyearsmayberesponsibleforcreatingthe“darkoxygen”.Tolearnmoreabouthowtheoxygenwasbeingcreated,Dr.Sweetmancollectedsomeofthenodulesandtheoceanflooraroundthemandtookthembacktothelaboratorytostudy.Atfirst,theythoughtthattinylivingthingscalledmicrobesmightbecreatingtheoxygen.Thentheythoughtthatthenodulesmightbegivingofftheoxygensomehow.Butneitherideawasright.Finally,Dr.Sweetmanbegantowonderifthenodulesweresomehowactinglikebatteries(電池),andproducingelectricity.Theideamadesense.Afterall,whenelectricityispassedthroughsaltwater,itseparatesthewaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalled“electrolysis”.WorkingwithscientistsatNorthwesternUniversity,Dr.Sweetmandiscoveredthatthenodulesproduceasmallamountofelectricity.Whenthenodulesareclosetogether,theycreateenoughelectricitytoproducetheoxygenthatDr.Sweetmanhadfound.Thediscoveryraisesmoreconcernsaboutdeep-seamining.Thesenodulesareexactlywhatmanyminingcompaniesarehopingtocollect.Thenodulesarefullofimportantmetals.Dr.Sweetmanbelievesthatmininggroupsshouldthinkcarefullyaboutthenewdiscoverybeforetheystartmining.Thescientistssaythatthenodulesmaybeimportanttothewaythedeepseaworks.Theyareafraidthatdeep-seaminingcoulddestroythenodulesandtheenvironmentaroundthem.28.WhatdidAndrewSweetmanfindstrange?A.Photosynthesisisnottheonlywaytocreateoxygen.B.Thelevelsofoxygenoftheupperoceanfellsharply.C.Hisequipmentusedtomeasureoxygendidn’tfunction.D.Oxygenlevelsontheoceanfloorincreaseunexpectedly.29.Paragraph3and4aremainlyabouthowDr.Sweetman______.A.foundwhere“darkoxygen”comesfrom B.conductedhisexperimenton“darkoxygen”C.discoveredthatnodulescanproduceelectricity D.provedtheoxygencanbecreatedonoceanfloor30.Asfordeep-seamining,Dr.Sweetmanis______.A.hopeful B.disappointed C.worried D.cheerful【答案】28.D29.A30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家AndrewSweetman對深海氧氣水平意外上升研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以及這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對深海采礦的潛在影響?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butin2013,AndrewSweetman,ascientistwhostudiestheoceanfloor,begantonoticesomethingstrange.Whenhemeasuredtheoxygeninthewaterabovetheoceanfloor,hefoundthatthelevelsofoxygenwererising.Thatdidn’tmakesense.(但在2013年，研究海底的科學(xué)家AndrewSweetman開始注意到一些奇怪的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)他測量海底上方水中的氧氣時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)氧氣含量在上升。這說不通。)”可知，AndrewSweetman發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的事情是海底的氧氣水平意外增加。故選D?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Dr.Sweetmannoticedthatsomesmallrock-likeobjectscalled‘polymetallicnodules’,whichformnaturallyontheoceanfloorovermillionsofyears,mayberesponsibleforcreatingthe‘darkoxygen’.(Sweetman博士注意到，一些被稱為‘多金屬結(jié)核’的小石頭狀物體，它們在數(shù)百萬年的時間里自然形成在海底，可能是產(chǎn)生‘暗氧’的原因。)”和第四段“Finally,Dr.Sweetmanbegantowonderifthenodulesweresomehowactinglikebatteries,andproducingelectricity.Theideamadesense.Afterall,whenelectricityispassedthroughsaltwater,itseparatesthewaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalled‘electrolysis’.WorkingwithscientistsatNorthwesternUniversity,Dr.Sweetmandiscoveredthatthenodulesproduceasmallamountofelectricity.Whenthenodulesareclosetogether,theycreateenoughelectricitytoproducetheoxygenthatDr.Sweetmanhadfound.(最后，Sweetman博士開始想，這些結(jié)節(jié)是否在某種程度上像電池一樣，產(chǎn)生電。這個想法是有道理的。畢竟，當(dāng)電流通過鹽水時，它會將水分解成氫和氧，這個過程被稱為‘電解’。Sweetman博士與西北大學(xué)的科學(xué)家合作，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些結(jié)節(jié)會產(chǎn)生少量的電。當(dāng)這些結(jié)節(jié)靠得很近時，它們會產(chǎn)生足夠的電來產(chǎn)生Sweetman博士發(fā)現(xiàn)的氧氣。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要是關(guān)于Dr.Sweetman如何發(fā)現(xiàn)“暗氧”的來源。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theyareafraidthatdeep-seaminingcoulddestroythenodulesandtheenvironmentaroundthem.(他們擔(dān)心深海采礦可能會破壞這些結(jié)核和它們周圍的環(huán)境。)”可推測出，至于深海采礦，Dr.Sweetman是擔(dān)心的。故選C。DObesity(肥胖)isnotachoiceandmakingpeoplefeelashamedonlyresultsintheirfeelingworseaboutthemselves,areportbyleadingpsychologists(心理學(xué)家)says.Itcallsformodificationsinlanguagetoreduceshame,suchassaying“apersonwithobesity”ratherthanan“obeseperson”.Anditsayshealthprofessionalsshouldbetrainedtotalkaboutlosingweightinamoresupportiveway.ThereportpointstoatroublingriseinobesitylevelsacrosstheUK.Between2005and2017,obesitylevelsroseby18%inEnglandandbysimilaramountsinScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.ButtheseincreasescannotbeexplainedbyasuddendecreaseofwillpoweracrosstheUK.Itisfarmorethanthat,accordingtotheBritishPsychologicalSocietyreport,whichconcludesit“isnotsimplydowntoanindividual’smissingofdetermination”.“Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytobeanunhealthyweightarethosewhohaveahighgenetic(遺傳的)riskofdevelopingobesityandwhoselivesarealsoshapedbywork,schoolandsocialenvironmentsthatencourageovereatingandinactivity,”itsays.“Peoplewholiveinpoorareasoftenexperiencehighlevelsofstress,includingmajorlifechallengesandinjury,andoftentheirneighborhoodsofferfewchancesandencouragementsforphysicalactivityandchoicesforgettingaffordablehealthyfoodarelimited.”Psychologicalexperiencesalsoplayabigrole,thereportsays,withuptohalfofadultsattendingobesityserviceshavingexperienceddifficultiesinchildhood.Andstresscausedbyfatshamingorbeingmadetofeelbadaboutone’sweightbypublichealthactivities,nursesandpolicymakers,oftenleadstoincreasedeatingandmoreweightgain.AtalkshowactorJamesCordenrecentlyspokeoutagainstfatshaming,saying:“Ifmakingfunoffatpeoplemadethemloseweight,there’dbenofatkidsinschools.”Psychologistscanusetheirknowledgetohelptrainhealthprofessionalstocommunicatebetteronobesity,saysDrAngelChater,reportauthorandreaderinhealthpsychologyandbehaviourdesignattheUniversityofBedfordshire.“Wecanhelp,notjustbydevisingwaysofhelpingindividuals,butalsobyadvisingonpublicpolicywhichwillhelpcreateanenvironmentinwhichpeoplefinditeasiernottobecomeobeseinthefirstplace.”However,thepsychologistsarenotinfavourofobesitybeingclassedasa“disease”,because,theysay,thiscouldtakethefocusawayfrombehavioralchangesthatcouldsucceed.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modifications”inParagraph1mean?A.Changes. B.Styles. C.Helps. D.Interests.32.TheauthorquotesJamesCorden’scommentinParagraph4to______.A.showhisconcern B.offerhissuggestionC.supporthisopinion D.explainhisstatement33.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatobesityis______.A.amatterofsuddendecreaseindetermination B.acommonproblemshapedbyvariousfactorsC.apsychologicaldiseasethatcallsforattention D.arudeexpressionthatmakespeoplefeelworse34.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Peopleshoulddiscussobesityinarespectfulway.B.Professionaladvicemattersalottooverweightpeople.C.Peoplewithobesitytendtofeelashamedofthemselves.D.Behavioralchangescontributegreatlytolosingweight.【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了肥胖問題，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了使用尊重性語言討論肥胖問題的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非個人選擇，而是由多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。因此，我們應(yīng)該以更尊重和理解的態(tài)度來對待肥胖人群，避免使用帶有羞恥感的言辭來傷害他們?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“suchassaying“apersonwithobesity”ratherthanan“obeseperson”(例如說“一個肥胖的人”而不是“一個胖子”)”可知，報告呼吁對語言進(jìn)行修改，以減少羞恥感，由此可知，modifications的意思是“改變”。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AtalkshowactorJamesCordenrecentlyspokeoutagainstfatshaming,saying:“Ifmakingfunoffatpeoplemadethemloseweight,there’dbenofatkidsinschools.”(脫口秀演員詹姆斯·柯登最近公開反對嘲笑肥胖者，他說：“如果嘲笑胖子能讓他們減肥，那學(xué)校里就不會有胖孩子了?！?”可知，作者在第四段引用詹姆斯·柯登的評論，是為了支持自己之前提出的觀點(diǎn)，即嘲笑或羞辱肥胖者并不能幫助他們減肥，反而可能導(dǎo)致他們吃得更多，體重增加。故選C。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytobeanunhealthyweightarethosewhohaveahighgeneticriskofdevelopingobesityandwhoselivesarealsoshapedbywork,schoolandsocialenvironmentsthatencourageovereatingandinactivity,”itsays.(報告說：“最有可能體重不健康的人是那些有較高遺傳風(fēng)險發(fā)展為肥胖的人，以及那些生活受到工作、學(xué)校和社會環(huán)境影響的人，這些環(huán)境鼓勵過度飲食和不活動?！?”可知，肥胖并非僅僅是由個人意志力突然下降導(dǎo)致的，而是由遺傳、工作、學(xué)校和社會環(huán)境等多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。因此，肥胖是一個由多種因素塑造的常見問題。故選B。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要討論了肥胖問題，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了使用尊重性語言討論肥胖問題的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非個人選擇，而是由多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。因此，我們應(yīng)該以更尊重和理解的態(tài)度來對待肥胖人群，避免使用帶有羞恥感的言辭來傷害他們。由此可知，作者意圖告訴我們應(yīng)該以尊重的方式討論肥胖問題，避免給肥胖人群帶來額外的羞恥感和壓力。因此，A選項(xiàng)“Peopleshoulddiscussobesityinarespectfulway.(人們應(yīng)該以尊重的方式討論肥胖問題。)”符合題意。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thesunistheonethingyoucandependontobethereforyoueveryday,withoutfail.Itriseseverydayandprovidesanewbeginningtoeachday.____35____Researchhasprovedthatithelpsyoufighttensionandstressanddoesitallforfree.Towatchthesunrise,youhavetogetupearly.Whenyougetupatdaybreakandstartyourday,youwillbenaturallytiredattheendoftheday.____36____Finally,yourbody’sinternalclockwillberesettoaregularroutine.Thisnotonlyhelpsyoutosleepbetterandkeephealthy,butalsotoloseandmaintainweight.Atsunrise,theworldispeaceful,noiselessandcalm.____37____Thequietenvironmentfillsyourinnerworldwithpeace,andyoufeelthelovethatnaturehasforyou.Thislovedoeshelptofaceeverydaywiththeknowledgethatyou’renotalone,andthereisagreaterforcewhichishelpingyoueveryday.____38____Thecalmandquietmomentsbeforethesuncanmakeyoufeelhappyandpeaceful.Yourealizeyourownvalueandyourstresslevelscomedown.Thepositivitywithinyouwillhelpyoumakebetterdecisionsduringtheday.Yourconcentrationalsoimprovesandyoucantakeininformationbetter.Withmorethanhalfofthedayspentsittinginfrontofcomputersandlaptops,theexperienceofwatchingthesunrisegivesyouthetimetotakeabreakfromyourdigitallife.____39____A.Youwillsleepearlytowakeupearly.B.Thissimpleactinspiresyoutochangeyourattitude.C.Watchingthesunrisecandowondersforyourhealth.D.Youcanfeeladeepconnectionbetweenyouandnature.E.Sunriseisoneofthemostbeautifulexperiencesthatnaturecangiveus.F.Theexperienceofwatchingthesunrisecanalsoinfluencehowyoufeel.G.So,takeamomenttowatchthesunriseandlettheshininglightfillyouwithjoy.【答案】35.C36.A37.D38.F39.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了觀看日出對身心健康的益處?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesunistheonethingyoucandependontobethereforyoueveryday,withoutfail.Itriseseverydayandprovidesanewbeginningtoeachday.(太陽是你每天可以依賴東西，它永遠(yuǎn)不會失敗。它每天升起，為每一天提供一個新的開始。)”和下文“Researchhasprovedthatithelpsyoufighttensionandstressanddoesitallforfree.(研究證明，它能幫助你對抗緊張和壓力，而且這一切都是免費(fèi)的。)”可知，上下文都說明了太陽或看日出對人有好處，所以空白處也應(yīng)說明看日出對人有益。選項(xiàng)C“觀看日出可以為你的健康帶來奇跡”符合語境。故選C?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyougetupatdaybreakandstartyourday,youwillbenaturallytiredattheend