譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊(cè)UNIT2 Period4課件

Period4

UNIT2

Understandingeachother主題語境人與社會(huì)——良好的人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)(1)give(a)preferenceto... 給……以優(yōu)惠；優(yōu)待……h(huán)aveapreferencefor 喜愛；偏好……(2)prefervt．

較喜歡；喜歡……多于……prefersb．todosth．

寧愿某人做某事；更喜歡某人做某事1．preferencen．偏愛；偏愛的事物preferthat... 更喜歡/希望……，寧愿……preferdoingsth．todoingsth．

和做某事相比更喜歡做某事prefertodosth．ratherthando... 更喜歡做某事而不愿做……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes，sotheyprefer________(order)whatlooksnice．②Ihavethistheorythatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworkto_____(be)athome．③我喜歡跑步，所以我參加了越野跑比賽。I___________________________soItookpartinthecross-countryrunningrace．toorderbeinghaveapreferenceforrunning(1)beembarrassedabout/at

對(duì)……感到尷尬(2)embarrassingadj．

令人害羞的，使人難堪的(3)embarrassmentn．

困窘；尷尬toone'sembarrassment 令某人尷尬的是(4)embarrassvt．

使窘迫；使尷尬embarrasssb．with... 因……使某人尷尬a2．embarrassedadj．窘迫的，尷尬的；拮據(jù)的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Shewas___________(embarrass)whentheykepttellingherhowclevershewas．②Itcanbe____________(embarrass)forchildrentotellcompletestrangersaboutsuchincidents．embarrassedembarrassing③讓他難堪的是，他對(duì)正發(fā)生的事情一無所知。a．____________________wasthathehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrass)b．__________________thathehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrassed)c．____________________，hehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrassment)WhatembarrassedhimHewasembarrassedTohisembarrassment(1)havenointentionofdoingsth．

無意做某事withtheintentionof 抱有……目的withoutintention 無意地；不是故意地3．intentionn．意圖，計(jì)劃(2)intendvt．&vi．

打算；計(jì)劃；想要intenddoing/todosth．

打算做某事intendsb．todosth．

想要某人做某事(3)intendedadj．

為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的；

打算的；計(jì)劃的beintendedfor 專門為……準(zhǔn)備/設(shè)計(jì)的beintendedtodosth．

旨在做某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①YouknowIhavenointentionof________(be)awkwardandobstreperous．②Thesegarmentsareintended___professionalsportspeople．③我寫信想告訴你這個(gè)暑假我打算參加書寫訓(xùn)練班。I'mwritingtotellyouthat________________aHandwritingTrainingClassthissummerholiday．beingforIintendtojoin(1)correspondto/with

與……相符合/一致correspondwith 和……通信(2)correspondencen．

通信；相關(guān)；來往信件incorrespondencewith 與……通信4．correspondvi．類似于；相一致，符合；通信[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn'tcorrespond_______whatwasactuallysaid．②Theeditorwelcomes______________(correspond)fromreadersonanysubject．③Youcanmakebetterrelationshipswithothersonlywhenwhatyoudocorrespondswithwhatyousay．→______________________________________________________________________________________(部分倒裝)to/withcorrespondenceOnlywhenwhatyoudocorrespondswithwhatyousaycanyoumakebetterrelationshipswithothers．(1)tolerate/stand/bear(sb．)doingsth．

容忍∕忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerantadj．

寬容的；容忍的betolerantof/to/towards 對(duì)……寬容

tolerableadj．

可以接受的；可忍受的(3)tolerancen．

寬容；忍受；忍耐力

5．toleratevt．容許，允許；忍受，容忍；能經(jīng)受[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hecan'ttoleratepeople_______(smoke)whiletheyaretalking．②Hehasavery________(tolerate)attitudetowardsotherreligions．③大多數(shù)的中國父母不能容忍他們的孩子在就餐時(shí)用筷子敲碗。MostChineseparents_________________________________________withchopstickswhenhavingadinner．[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“容忍；忍受”的動(dòng)詞(短詞)還有：bear，stand，putupwith等。smokingtolerantwon'ttoleratetheirchildrenknockingbowls復(fù)習(xí)定語從句一、定語從句概述充當(dāng)定語的句子稱為定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又被稱為形容詞性從句。二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意義；非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切，先行詞與定語從句往往由逗號(hào)隔開。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger．進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人長壽。Hisdaughter，whoisinBostonnow，iscominghomenextweek．他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回家。三、關(guān)系詞的基本用法引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中起連接作用，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語成分。1．關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho指人主語、賓語whom指人賓語whose指人或物定語關(guān)系詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謙hat指人或物主語、賓語、表語、狀語which指物或整個(gè)主句主語、賓語、表語as指人或物或整個(gè)主句主語、賓語、表語Heseemedaforeigner，as/whichinfacthewas．他好像是個(gè)外國人，實(shí)際上他就是。Ihatethewaythatshealwayscriticizesme．我討厭她一貫批評(píng)我的方式。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Canyoustillrememberthetime__________wespenttogetherinourchildhood?②Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperienceincaringfortheseanimals．③Hewasnotsick，________someoftheotherpassengerswere．that/whichwho/thatas/which2．關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why表示原因的名詞原因狀語Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore．我們生活在一個(gè)比以往更容易獲得更多信息的時(shí)代。AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother．古代中國是各諸侯國之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方。Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouarelateagain?你能告訴我你又遲到了的原因嗎？[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞為situation，case，stage，point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空①AttheChinaArtFestival，therearedifferentstands_____artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors．②Weshallrememberthedays_______westudiedtogether．③Thereason______shewaslatewasnotconvincing．④Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue．wherewhenwhywhen四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津介詞(短語)＋關(guān)系代詞狀語關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom，且不能省略介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞狀語關(guān)系代詞常用which或whose構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞主語可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞(形容詞最高級(jí))＋of＋關(guān)系代詞

主語數(shù)詞還可以用some，many，most，each等不定代詞替換Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive．那個(gè)窮人沒房子住。Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable．最近，我買了一個(gè)古董花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]單句語法填空①JohnMiltonwroteabook，thetitle__whichisknownbyeverybodybutthecontentsbyfew．②Thecolorlessgas_______whichwecan'tliveiscalledoxygen．③Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade，mostof_______arefromthesamearea．④WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom_____wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem．ofwithoutwhomwhich五、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame等修飾時(shí)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時(shí)The

Readerattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbecomesmoreandmorepopularinChina．《讀者》吸引了這么多的讀者，這意味著它在中國變得越來越受歡迎。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry．他談到了他在那個(gè)國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwastheElephantTrunkHill．在桂林他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。ThisistheofficeinwhichIusedtowork．這就是我過去工作過的辦公室。六、關(guān)系代詞which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置靈活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中。搭配上無動(dòng)詞的限制謂語動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。從句謂語常用被動(dòng)。意思上“這一點(diǎn)”“正如……，正像……的那樣”Theaward-winningbookwaswrittenbyateenager，whichwas，indeed，beyondallexpectations．這本獲獎(jiǎng)的書是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子寫的，這確實(shí)出乎所有人的意料。Asisknowntousall，failureusuallyresultsfromlazinesswhilediligencecanbringsuccessforus．眾所周知，失敗通常源于懶惰，而勤奮可以帶來成功。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4]單句語法填空①M(fèi)ostimportantly，Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification，_____heshowedinNewYorkCity．②Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse，Idecidedtoapplyfortheone____reflectedmyinterest．③____isoftenthecase，asmallchildwillfeelunhappyandevencan'tstopcryingthefirsttimeheorshegoestokindergarten．④Thepresenttimeisthebestgift____youcangivetoyourself．whichthatAsthat短文語境填空ThoughIcan'tremembereverything1．____happenedduringthetime2．_______Iwasinuniversity，Istillremembersomepeopleandthings3．____wererelatedtomybestfriend，4．_____usedtobemonitorinourclass．IfyouwanttoknowwhoistheladythatIreferredtoinmydiary，Icantellyouit'sher，MissBrown．Hereisastory5．__________makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow．

thatwhenthatwhothat/whichOneafternoon，sheandIarrivedinNewYork，6．_______wewouldspendoursummerholidaytogether．Wewenttothebiggestbookstorein7．________thereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold．There，shepersuadedmetobuyagrammarbook8．__________couldoffermeknowledgeofgrammarandadictionary9．__________Icouldlookupthenewwordsin．

wherewhichthat/whichthat/whichMissBrownalsoboughtthesamebooks10．__Idid．Justwhenweleftthebookstoreandwerereadytogobacktoouruniversity，abigmanstoppedusandrobbedmeofmynecklace．MissBrowntriedherbesttohelpmeandlostoneofherfingers．a(chǎn)s①tofun．豆腐②comeasnosurprise不足為奇③baconn．咸豬肉，熏豬肉④tankn．坦克；(貯放液體或氣體的)罐⑤golfn．高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)⑥comeabout產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生⑦interactvi．溝通；相互作用；交流課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Extendedreading)⑧nativetongue母語⑨phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象⑩globalizationn．全球化?integratevt．&vi．(使)合并；(使)加入?bilingualadj．會(huì)說兩種語言的；用兩種語言(寫)的?unknowinglyadv．未意識(shí)到地，不知不覺地，無意中?kungfun．功夫?opposevt．反對(duì)，抵制；與……對(duì)壘?interventionn．干涉行為，干預(yù)?pureadj．純凈的；完全的?triben．部落?rejectvt．拒絕接受，不予考慮；不錄用；排斥，排異?pessimisticadj．悲觀的，悲觀主義的bepessimisticabout對(duì)于……感到悲觀?bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)?Germanicadj．日耳曼語的；德國的?restrictionn．限制，約束?linguistn．語言學(xué)家；通曉數(shù)國語言的人?isolatedadj．孤立的；單獨(dú)的；偏遠(yuǎn)的?forbetterorforworse不管是好是壞，不管結(jié)果如何?tendencyn．趨勢(shì)，趨向；傾向，偏好?gooutofstyle過時(shí)Borrowedwords“Therestaurant'sfriedtofu①isdelicious．”Isthereanythingspecialaboutthissentence?Well，allthewordsexcept“the”and“is”areborrowedfromotherlanguages!Thiscomesasnosurprise②，giventhatEnglishhasborrowedwordsfrommorethan300differentlanguages，includingLatin，Greek，F(xiàn)renchandChinese[1]．However，Englishisnotaloneinborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages—borrowedwordscanbefoundinalmostalllanguages．Forexample，EnglishwordsthatareborrowedintotheChineselanguage[2]include“bacon③”，“tank④”and“golf⑤

”．[1]giventhat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，giventhat意為“考慮到，鑒于”。[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Englishwords。Wordborrowingcomesabout⑥whentwocultureswithdifferentlanguagesinteract⑦．Thistendstohappenwhenthereisnosuitablewordforanobjectorideainthenativetongue⑧．Thisphenomenon⑨hasbeenoccurringforthousandsofyears．Inthecurrentageofglobalization⑩，whencommunicationstechnologybringsdifferentculturesclosertogether，wordsareevenmorelikelytobeborrowedstraightfromthesourcelanguageatafasterpacethaneverbefore，especiallythoserelatedtotechnologicaldevelopments，suchas“email”and“Internet”．Thoughborrowingwordshasbecomefaster，theprocessisstillcomplex，andittakestimebeforenewwordsareintegrated?intoeverydayspeech．Atfirst，theborrowedwordisonlyusedbybilingual?speakers．Itthenspreadstopeoplewhodonotknowtheoriginallanguage[3]，andtheywillchangethepronunciationtofitthewaytheyspeak，almostunknowingly?．Anexampleofthisistheword“kungfu?”，whichreferstoChinesemartialarts[4]．ThiswordcomesfromChinesegongfu．Overtime，thesoundsthataredifficulttopronounce[5]havebeenreplacedwithmorefamiliarones．Thelongeraborrowedwordhasbeeninuse，themoreitsoundsandevenlookslikethenativelanguage．[6][3]who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞people。[4]which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theword“kungfu”。[5]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞thesounds。[6]本句為“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”句型。Borrowedwordsareanoutcomeoflanguagedevelopmentthatcanhardlybeavoided[7]，butsomelanguagecommunitiesoppose?adoptingwordsfromothercultures．Therearecountriesthatmakeinterventions?tokeeptheirnativelanguagepure?inordertodefendtheiridentity．TheFrenchspecificallyhaveanofficialorganizationthatcreatesnewwords[8]inordertoavoidborrowedwords．Somelanguageshaveanextremelysmallnumberofspeakers，suchastheNativeAmericanNavajolanguage，usedonlybythemembersofthetribe?[9]．Underthiscircumstance，itbecomesamatterofsurvivalforthenativelanguagetoreject?outsideinfluences．[7]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞anoutcomeoflanguagedevelopment。[8]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞anofficialorganization。[9]過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞theNativeAmericanNavajolanguage。Whilesomecommunitiesarepessimistic?

abouttheexchangebetweenlanguages，therearealsoothercommunitiesthatreadilywelcomeborrowedwords．[10]English，especially，isbasedon?amixofLatin，GreekandGermanic?languages．TheEnglish-speakingcommunitydoesnothesitateaboutabsorbingforeignwordsintoitsdailyvocabulary．Infact，therehaveneverbeenanyformalacademicrestrictions?onnewborrowedwords．Borrowingwordsallowsthelanguagetocontinuetodevelop，enablingthecommunitytohaveamoreefficientlanguagewhichmakesitpossibleforthemtosharetheirexperienceswithnew-foundease[11]．Itisalsothroughthosewordsthatnovelideasarespreadanddifferentbeliefsareexchangedmoreconvenientlyandquickly．[12][10]本句為主從復(fù)合句。句中While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，While意為“盡管，雖然”；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞othercommunities。[11]動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示“自然而然”的結(jié)果，其中which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞amoreefficientlanguage，定語從句中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為動(dòng)詞不定式短語toshare...ease。[12]本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)thr