2024年高考英語必考點專題17閱讀理解之推理判斷題和主旨大意題精講深剖含解析

PAGEPAGE1專題17閱讀理解之推理推斷題和主旨大意題——精講深剖真題速遞真題速遞(2024全國I卷B篇)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”本文屬于記敘文，講解并描述ThomasWhaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語以及樹立信念特地開展了一個演講課程。26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics【答案】A【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.以及最終一段“boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”可知，這個課程不僅僅教孩子閱讀以及公共演講，還要讓孩子學(xué)會夸耀自己，而夸耀自己對于那些進(jìn)入教室沒有信念的學(xué)生來說很困難，故可知，Whaley老師這么做是為了幫助學(xué)生相識自己的優(yōu)勢增加信念，故選A。27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最終一段Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，當(dāng)他有一天問學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)請舉手的時候，想到了一個想法，這個課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹立自己的信念，故可以看出這位老師很關(guān)切學(xué)生的成長。humorous幽默的，ambitious有雄心壯志的；caring關(guān)切的；demanding要求高的。故選C。(2024全國I卷D篇)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查探討).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.這是一篇說明文。文章主要講到探討表明，對別人好，討人寵愛對人生活的各個方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus（在美妙的小學(xué)時間里，我寵愛共享我的娃娃和笑話，這讓我保持了高高的社會地位。）由此推斷出，作者在小學(xué)早期時，是一個慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely孤獨的；generous慷慨的；cool冷靜的，故選C。33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。其次段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（臨床心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein將受歡迎的人分為兩類:討人寵愛的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主題句，本段內(nèi)容分別對thelikable和thestatusseekers做了說明，所以本段主要介紹了兩種受歡迎的分類，故選A。34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.【答案】B【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清晰地表明，可愛可以促使健全的調(diào)整），由此推斷出，心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein的探討表明，最有人望的孩子適應(yīng)性更強，故選B。35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。通過閱讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最終一段，可知這篇文章主要講了受歡迎，討人寵愛對人生活的各個方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。與選項A“對別人好——最終，你的收獲無窮無盡”一樣，故選A。(2024全國II卷C篇)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(溝通).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit，whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.FoodvarietyB.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.【答案】B【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段可知，在美國，約有46%的人們獨自用餐，53%的人們獨自吃早餐，46%的人們獨自吃午餐，只有74%的人們晚餐不是獨自享用，故可知本段的數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于用餐習(xí)慣，故選B。30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.【答案】D【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知Mazoleny寵愛這樣的氣氛，因為可以坐在那里，查看手機信息，或者想閑聊了，可以直呼吧臺服務(wù)員名字和他閑聊，故可知，他與服務(wù)員很熟識，可以直呼對方名字，故選D。31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，緣由許多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正漸漸成為一種趨勢，故選A。(2024全國II卷D篇)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.本文為說明文。本文介紹了HUNCH項目就是通過Gordon的學(xué)生找到如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一技術(shù)，把空間技術(shù)與帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教化相結(jié)合，從而最終影響到高校入站幫助寵愛讀書的人們相互溝通和傳遞圖書的內(nèi)容。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A．OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB．ElectronicBooks:ANewTrendC．ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD．AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks【答案】D【解析】考查主旨大意。依據(jù)第一段的最終一句“Now，thewebsiteBookCrossingturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup”以及其余的內(nèi)容可知，本篇文章主要介紹了BookCrossing網(wǎng)站的功能及其創(chuàng)建的意義。故選D項。(2024·北京，B)SurvivingHurricaneSandyNatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh－risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.x--kwShecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch－needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway，”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”文章大意：這是一篇記敘文。本文的主子公——14歲的女孩娜塔莉——主動參與重建遭遇颶風(fēng)重創(chuàng)的家鄉(xiāng)。她建立了一個網(wǎng)站，為外界的捐贈者和家鄉(xiāng)須要幫助的人結(jié)對，同時幫助許多孩子實現(xiàn)了自己的幻想。她應(yīng)邀到白宮，并被授予榮譽稱號。8.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus？A．Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Eastorwest,homeisbest.D．Technologyispower.【答案】A【解析】考查主旨大意。本題給出的四句諺語的含義依次為：“小人物也有大作為”；“患難之友才是真正的摯友”；“金窩銀窩不如自己的狗窩”；“技術(shù)就是力氣”。本文介紹的是14歲的小女孩娜塔莉如何幫助家鄉(xiāng)的重建工作，因此選A。模擬訓(xùn)練模擬訓(xùn)練A(湖南省2025屆高三六校聯(lián)考)Whilestaringoutofthewindowduringaflight,noteveryonewillthinkcarefullyaboutthequestionwhyairplaneshaveroundedwindowsratherthansquareones.Overtheyears,aerospaceengineeringhasmadehugestepsinairplanetechnology,meaningplanescancarrymorepassengersandgofaster.Theplaneshavealsochangedshapetoincreasesafety—includingthewindows.Ascommercialairtraveltookoffinthemid－20thcentury,airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.However,higheraltitudescamewithproblems,likethefacthumanbeingscan’treallysurviveat30，000feet.Tomakethatpossible,thecabinwaschangedtoacylindrical(圓柱體)shapetosupportthepressureinside.Butatfirst,planebuildersleftinthestandardsquarewindowsandthisexpansionmeantdisaster.Thede__Havilland__Cometcameintofashioninthe1950s.Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.However,wherethere’sacorner,there’saweakspot.Windows,havingfourcorners,havefourpotentialweakspots,makingthemlikelytocrashunderstress—suchasairpressure.Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcornerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.Roundedshapesarealsostrongerandresistdeformation(變形),andcanthussurvivetheextremedifferencesinpressurebetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheaircraft.Fortunately,designersfiguredoutthelackofdesignprettyquick.Nowwehavenice,roundedairplanewindowsthatcanresistthepressureoftravelingaltitude.Itgivesbeingabletogazeoutofyourwindowtotheworldfrom35，000feetawholenewoutlook,doesn’tit?【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為說明文，介紹了飛機舷窗由方變圓的原由。1.Whydidairlinesaimtoflyathigheraltitudes?A.Tosavemoneyforlessdrag.B.Tohelptheplanetotakeoff.C.Toincreasesafetyoftheplane.D.Tocarrymorepassengersandgofaster.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第三句．..airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.可知。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“deHavillandComet”inParagraph2referto?A.Anaircraft.B.Aband.C.Aplanet.D.Adesign.【答案】A【解析】推理推斷題。下劃線并非詞義揣測，而是依據(jù)其次段最終一句Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.中的it和otheraircraft推想此詞所指為一款飛機。3.Whichistheadvantageoftheroundedwindow?A.Itincreasestheairpressure.B.Itweakensthestrengthofairpressure.C.Itreducesthepossibilityofbreakingup.D.Ithelpstosurvivetheextremeweather.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第三句Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcornerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.可知。4.Wheredoesthistextcomefrom?A.Anewspaperonsafedriving.B.Asciencebookonflying.C.Awebsiteonsurvivalskills.D.Amagazineonfashiondesign.【答案】B【解析】推理推斷題。本文介紹了社會發(fā)展過程中應(yīng)平安和經(jīng)濟(jì)的需求，飛機形態(tài)和其舷窗形態(tài)的改變，故選自于與飛行有關(guān)的書籍。B(湖南省2025屆高三六校聯(lián)考)Thehemlock(鐵杉)treesalongtheWappingerCreek,NewYork,lookhealthy.However,scientistGaryLovettsaysthewhiteballswhichprovideprotectionforthebugsarecreatedbyatinyinsect.It’shardtobelievethetinybugcouldkillatree.However,treescanendupwithmillionsandmillionsofthepests.Whentherearethatmany,itendsupkillingthetree.ThebugfromEastAsiaisslowlykillingtreesacrosstheUSA.Thetrouble－makingbugisjustoneofmanyinvasive(入侵的)peststhathaveslippedintotheUnitedStates.Theycanhurtotherlivingthingsintheirnewhome.Manyinvasivepestsarriveonwoodenpalletspiledinsideshippingcontainers.Theysupportandseparategoods,andkeepthemfromslidingaround.Invasivepestsoftentunnelintothepallets.Howcanwestoppestsfromridingonpallets?Lovettsaysnewrulesareneeded.Thecompaniesthatmakepalletsdon’twantmorerules.Congresshasaddedanamendment(修正案)inthe2024FarmBilltotryandpreventthisproblem.However,Lovettisnothopefulitwillmakemuchofadifference.Palletsarecheckedbyinspectors.Manyaresprayedwithbug－killingpesticide.“Ibelieveinthesystem，”saidBrentMcClendon,presidentofTheNationalWoodenPalletandContainerAssociation.Healsosaidshippingcontainersarecheckedverycarefully.Still,eachyear13millioncontainersareshippedtotheU．S.Eachisfullofwoodenpallets.Lovettsays:“Inspectorscan’tpossiblycheckeverything.Allittakesareafewbadpallets;weshouldgetridofwoodenpallets.”Hebelievespalletsshouldbemadeofplasticoreco－compositewood.Eco－compositewoodisamixofwoodfiberandplastic.Insectscannothideintoit.Oneproblemisthatthesechoicescostmore.Theymaybeworththeextramoney,though.InvasivepestscosttheU．S.$5billionayear.Treesdon’tjustdieinforests.Theyalsodieincitiesandouryards.Then,theyneedtobereplaced.Thatcostsmoney,too.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文，介紹了美國鐵杉樹蟲害因運輸過程中運用的木板所攜帶的外來蛾蟲所致。政府有頒布法案解決但收效甚微。有關(guān)人士就此也提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。5.AllthestatementsareTRUEexceptthat________．A.pesticidehasbeenappliedtobug－killingB.invasivepestsarenativetoWappingerCreekC.invasivepestshideinpalletsusedinshippingD.thecompaniesmakingpalletsdon’twantmorerules【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知此害蟲為外來物種。6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Bugscanbeeasilyspottedbyeyes.B.Bugsruintheshippinggoodsslowly.C.Bugswon’tbotherthetreeifjustinfewnumbers.D.Bugscovertreeswithwhitesoftballsforprotection.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終兩句However,treescanendupwithmillionsandmillionsofthepests.Whentherearethatmany,itendsupkillingthetree.可知答案。7.WhydoesGaryLovettwanttogetridofwoodenpallets?A.Becauseinsectsmostlydieinthem.B.Becauseplasticpalletsareeco－friendly.C.Becausetheyarenotworthextramoney.D.Becausetheyarethemajorpestcarriers.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段可知。木板是鐵杉斑螟蛾蟲的主要載體。8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.InvasivepestsareharmingplantsintheUSA.B.Effectivemeasureshavestoppedthepestinvasion.C.Congresscontributesalottodealingwithinvasivepests.D.EcosystemintheUSAispoorlydamagedbyinvasivewoods.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。外來蛾蟲入侵所致的鐵杉樹蟲害并沒有因國會通過的修正案或是有關(guān)人士提出的方案而得到完全地解決。但生態(tài)系統(tǒng)因外來樹種是否得到嚴(yán)峻的破壞，文中并未指出。C(湖南省2025屆高三六校聯(lián)考)Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm”，oftenusedinasituation—aquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshavetosay.Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindofstorm—asingle－cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalow－pressurevacuum(真空)comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour(水蒸汽)initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout(被擠出)atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm,itmightbereallywindy!【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為自然現(xiàn)象類說明文。揭秘暴風(fēng)雨來臨前的安靜這一神奇自然現(xiàn)象。9.Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?A.Athunderstormwithasingleshape.B.Athunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.C.Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.D.Astormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。其次段中特定的暴風(fēng)雨指的是一種簡潔的單細(xì)胞雷暴。而并非指簡潔形態(tài)，故解除A。依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知雷暴能夠從四周任何一個方向吸進(jìn)自己所需的暖濕空氣。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.Coldanddryair.B.Warmanddryair.C.Coldanddampair.D.Warmanddampair.【答案】D【解析】代詞指代題。第三段中提到由于暖濕空氣被吸進(jìn)雷暴中，雷暴經(jīng)過之處就形成了低氣壓真空帶。正在上升的暖濕氣流遇到雷暴云層中原本就存在的干燥冷空氣，此時暖濕空氣的溫度下降，暖濕空氣中的水分凝聚成小的水滴，這就是雨水形成的前提。11.Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?A.Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.B.Notallthunderstormsstartwiththecalm.C.Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthestormwillbe.D.Stormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.【答案】B【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.可知大多數(shù)的雷暴來臨前并不是一片安靜。而當(dāng)有許多氣流頻繁上下流淌時，暴風(fēng)雨來臨前毫無安靜可言可知C、D不正確。12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Causesandeffectsofaheavystorm.B.Abriefdescriptionofapeacefulstorm.C.Apersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.D.Anexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。D(安慶市2024年高三其次次模擬考試)Spotifycantellifyou'resad.Here'swhythatshouldscareyou.Wanttofigureoutifsomeoneisapatientwithamentaldisability:Askthemwhattheirfavoritesongis.ANewYorkUniversitystudylastyearfoundthatpeoplewholovedEminem'sLoseYourselfandJustinBieber'sWhatDoYouMean?weremorelikelytohavetroublewithmentaldisabilitiesthanpeoplewhowereintoDireStraits.Overthepastfewyears,Spotifyhasbeenimprovingtheabilitytoanalyzeinformationtohelpbusinessmentargetconsumerswithadvertisementsmadespeciallyfortheirneeds.Theyconcludethisfromthesortofmusicyou'relisteningto,combinedwithwhereandwhenyou'relisteningtoit,alongwiththird-partydatathatmightbeavailable.Now,tobeclear,there'snothingsignificantlyillegalaboutwhatSpotifyisdoingwithyourinformation.Icertainlydon'tthinkthattheyareworkingwithshadowyconsultingfirmstoserveyouadssellingaculturestrugglewhileyou'relisteningtomusicthatsuggestsyoumightbeinaterriblesituation.However,Ifinditdisappointingthatourpersonal,privatemomentswithmusicareincreasinglybeingturnedintoinformationpointsandofferedtoadvertisers.Youcanseewherethiscouldgo,can'tyou?Asadtargetinggetsevermoreaccurate,businessmenwillhavetheabilitytotargetourfeelingsinpotentiallyimproperways.Accordingtoonestudy,youaremorelikelytospendmoreonaproductifyou'refeelingsad.Youcanimaginesomecompaniesmighttakeadvantageofthat.Andonthatnote,I'mfeelingalittledownaboutallthis.Headofftotreatmyselftosomethingexpensive.這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Spotify始終在提高分析信息的實力，幫助商家針對消費者投放特地針對他們需求的廣告。他們從你所聽的音樂類型，以及你在何時何地聽音樂，以及可能可用的第三方數(shù)據(jù)中得出結(jié)論，從而刺激你去消費。13.What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewsong. B.Todrawreaders'attention.C.Tohelpmorepatients. D.Topromoteanewmedium.【答案】B【解析】推理推斷題。第一段主要說了Spotify可以通過你聽的音樂推斷出你是否哀痛，你的精神狀態(tài)如何。結(jié)合四個選項可推斷出，作者這樣寫，是為了引起讀者的留意，故選B。14.Spotifyimprovesitsabilitytoanalyzeinformationto.A.provideservicesforthegovernment B.workwithshadowyconsultingfirmsC.getlisteners'personalinformation D.helpbusinessmenattractconsumers【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的Spotifyhasbeenimprovingtheabilitytoanalyzeinformationtohelpbusinessmentargetconsumerswithadvertisementsmadespeciallyfortheirneeds.可知，Spotify提高分析信息的實力是為了幫助商人吸引顧客。故選D。15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsSpotify?A.Uncertain. B.Supportive. C.Positive. D.Dissatisfied.【答案】D【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的Youcanimaginesomecompaniesmighttakeadvantageofthat.Andonthatnote,I'mfeelingalittledownaboutallthis.可知，作者認(rèn)為一些公司會利用這一點，因此感到有些懊喪，由此可知，作者對此是不滿的。故選D。16.Whoisthetextprobablydesignedfor?A.Internetusers. B.Officials. C.Researchers. D.Managers.【答案】A【解析】推理推斷題。文章主要想大家介紹了有人依據(jù)我們聽的音樂來獲得我們的信息，從而利用這一點吸引我們?nèi)ハM，由此可推斷出，作者寫這篇文章是為那些網(wǎng)絡(luò)運用者而寫的。故選A。E(2025屆貴州省遵義航天高級中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期其次次模擬考試)Whiletheotherkidsseemedexcitedaboutcelebratingtheend-of-termpartybyplayinggamesandsharingtreats,Jeremyhatedtheveryideaofthegathering.Afraidtoraisethepressuretoohigh,Idecidedtocontributesomethingthatwaseasytopurchaseonthewalktoschool.Offwewentthedayoftheparty,approachinghisschoolasifnothingwasplanned.Iremindedhimofourneedtomakeapurchase,enteredhisfavoriteshop,andaskedhimtoselecttheripestbunchofgrapes.He