大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試卷六十（帶答案）

大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試卷六十

（總分：100.00,做題時間：130分鐘）

PartIWriting（總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledRaisingDogsintheCity.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinesgivenbelowinChinese:

1.現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)狗的人越米越多；

2.不文明養(yǎng)狗給社會造成了危害；

3.我的看法。

（分?jǐn)?shù):20.00）

正確答案：（［范文］

RaisingDogsintheCity

Recentlymoreandmorepeoplebegintoraisedogsinthecity.Youmayfind

dogshereandthereinpublicplacesorevenonbuses.Ithasmoreorlessbecome

oneofthelatestfashions.

Yetthenegativeeffectsofraisingdogsinthecityareobvious.Tobeginwith,it

maypollutetheenvironment.Wecanoftenseedogsdroppingtheirwastearound

thecitywhentheyarewalkedoutdoors.Fewoftheirownerswouldpickitupafter

thedogs.Inthesecondplace,withtoomanydogsinpublicplaces,casesofdogs

attackingpeoplearenotrarenow.Finally,thebarkingofdogsmayalsodisturbthe

quietneighborhood.

Inmyview,raisingdogsinthecitymustbeputunderstrictcontrol.Those

whoraisedogsinthecitymustobserverespectiveregulationsandrules,whichmay

keepthedogsfrompollutingtheenvironmentandthreateningthesafetyofthe

people.Andifsomeonewantstokeepadoginthecity,heorsheisrequiredtoget

approvalfromtheneighbors.Onlyinthiswaycanweco-existhappilyandsafelywith

thedogsinthecity.）

解析：

PartIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.AccordingtoapapertobepublishedinPsychologicalSciencethishasan

interestingpsychologicaleffect.Agroupofresearchers,ledbyEugeneCarusoofthe

UniversityofChicago,foundthatpeoplejudgethedistanceofevents1,

dependingonwhethertheyareinthepastorfuture.Thepapercallsthisthe

"TemporalDopplerEffect".Inphysics,theDopplereffectdescribesthewaythat

waveschangefrequencydependingonwhethertheir2istravelingtowardsor

awayfromyou.Mr.Carusoarguesthatsomethingsimilarhappenswithpeople's

perceptionoftime.Becausefutureeventsareassociatedwithdiminishingdistance,

whilethoseinthepastarethoughtofas3,somethinghappeninginone

monthfeelspsychologically4thansomethingthathappenedamonthago.

Thisideawastestedinaseriesofexperiments.Inone,researchersasked

3235anddividedthemintotwogroups.AweekbeforeValentine'sday,

membersofthefirstwereaskedhowtheyplannedtocelebrateit.Aweekafter

February14ththesecondgroupreportedhowtheyhadcelebratedit.Bothgroups

alsohadtodescribehownearthedayfeltona6ofonetoseven.Those

describingforthcomingplansweremorelikelytoreportitasfeeling"ashorttime

fromnow",whilethosewhohadalready7ittendedtoclusteratthe"along

timefromnow"endofthescale.Toaccountfortheriskthatrecallingactualevents

requiresdifferentcognitivefunctionsthanimaginingonesthathavenotyet

happened,theyalsoaskedparticipantsto8thedistanceofhypothetical

eventsamonthinthepastorfuture.Theasymmetry（不對稱）remained.

Mr.Carusospeculatesthathisresearchhas9forpsychological

well-being.Hesuspectsthatpeoplewhodonotshowthisbias-thosewhofeelthe

pastasbeingcloser一mightbemore10torumination（沉思）ordepression,

becausetheyaremorelikelytodwellonpastevents.

A.advancing

B.apparently

C.available

D.closer

E.differently

F.evaluate

G.experienced

H.implications

I.prospect

J.rate

K.receding

L.scale

M.source

N.subject

0.volunteers（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)；2.00）

填空項（正確答案：

1：Eo）

解析：空格所在賓語從句主謂賓完整，推測應(yīng)填入副詞。后文提到“是由

他們處在過去或未來決定的”，因此E項的differently“不同地”為答案。備選副

詞中apparently“顯然地”與句意不符，故排除。

2.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Mo）

解析：空格位于人稱代詞所有格后，應(yīng)填入名詞作主語。根據(jù)后半句“接

近你或遠離你”可知，此處單詞應(yīng)與波形的運動方式或發(fā)出點有關(guān)，因此M項

的source“來源”符合句意，故為答案。備選名詞中implications“暗示"、prospect

“前景”、scale"等級”和volunteers“志愿者”與句意不符，故均排除。

3.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Ko）

解析：空格在介詞as之后，推測應(yīng)填入動詞-ing形式或名詞?？崭袼诰?/p>

為原因狀語從句，并有連接詞while表示兩種情況的對比，主句的大意是“一個

月后要發(fā)生的事情在心理上感覺比一個月前發(fā)生過的事情距離更近二空格處單

訶描述的是thoseinpast,因此應(yīng)與“距離遠”的意思相關(guān)。因此K項的receding

“（距離上）逐漸遠離”為答案，備選-ing形式動詞中，advancing意為“前進”，

與文意不符，故排除。

4.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Do）

解析：空格位于than前，可知應(yīng)填入形容詞比較級。前文說到，未來的事

情與距離消失相關(guān),過去的事情往往傾向于遠離，即未來的事情我們會感覺近些，

過去的事情我們感覺遠些。D項的closer"更近的”符合文意，故為答案。備選

形容詞中，只有一個比較級，亦可直接選出答案。

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：。。）

解析：空格位于數(shù)字323之后，故應(yīng)填入復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合句意”研究

者邀請了323名，并把他們分成兩組?！笨芍?。項的volunteers“志愿者”

與文意相符，故為答案。在備選名詞中，另一個復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞implications“暗

示”與文意不符，故排除；備選詞subject也可看作是名詞“受試者”，但不足復(fù)

數(shù)形式，故排除。

6.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：L。）

解析：在不定冠詞a與介詞of之間，應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合句意“兩組都被要

求按一至七的描述他們對情人節(jié)感覺的距離”可知。。nascale。f按……的等級”

與文意相符,故L為答案。備選名詞中prospect“前景”和implications“暗示”

均不符合句意，故排除。

7.（分?jǐn)?shù):2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Go）

解析：空格與前面的助動詞had構(gòu)成定語從句的謂語，推測應(yīng)填入過去分

詞。前文提到那些描述未來計劃的人感覺時間短，后文應(yīng)表達的是那些描述已經(jīng)

過去事件的感覺，因此G項的experienced“經(jīng)歷”符合句意，故為答案。其他

備選動詞形式不符，可直接排除。

8.（分?jǐn)?shù)；2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：J。）

解析：空格在動詞不定式to后，應(yīng)填入動詞原形。前文提到了研究人員要

求志愿者們給未來和已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的遠近感覺評1?7的等級，因此這里的意思

應(yīng)是他們還要求參與者為想象中未來和過去事情的遠近感覺評等級，故J項的

rate“評級”為答案。備選動詞中evaluate“評價”意思相近，但不如rate表意

準(zhǔn)確，故排除。

9.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Ho）

解析：空格位于動詞has后，且后接for,應(yīng)填入能與for搭配的名詞，因

此H項的implications“暗示”為答案。

10.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：No）

解析：空格位于謂語mightbe后，且前面有more修飾，后接不定式to,

推測應(yīng)填入能與to搭配的形容詞原形。結(jié)合句意“他懷疑那些沒有這種偏向性

的人，……可能更常一一多思或沮喪的侵?jǐn)_"。be-subjectt。"受……支配，常遭

受”符合文意，故N為答案。備選形容訶中available不與to搭配，故排除。

SectionB(總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00)

HowMarketersTargetKids

A.Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhave

theirownpurchasingpower;theyinfluencetheirparentsbuyingdecisionsandthey

aretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildren

hasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990to

morethan$2billionin2000.

B.Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchas

smallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthat

familieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspending

decisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeir

kids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

Pester(糾纏)Power

C.Today'skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthe

familythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhatthey

wanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren'sabilitytonagtheir

parentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenis

allaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceit

canbe.

D.Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringor

naggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—"persistence"and"importance".

Persistencenagging(aplea,thatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffective

asthemoresophisticated"importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealsto

parents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymay

haveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofPsychologyandMarketing

E.Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakes

kidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnow

haveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren'sdevelopmental,emotionaland

socialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren'sbehaviour;

fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticated

marketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

F.Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgained

widespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealth

professionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)

urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty

G.CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher

2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindof

corporation-Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheir

primarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheir

brandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheap

labour;theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithas

beenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthe

mostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

H.Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,in

thehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.Accordingtothe

CenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanform

mentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedas

earlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognize

hundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfood,toyandclothingcompanieshavebeen

cultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchas

banksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

I.Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertising

clutter（雜亂）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"——

anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.Theideaistofindthe

coolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinorderto

createabuzzaroundit.Buzz,or"streetmarketing",asit'salsocalled,canhelpa

companytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（難找的）teenmarketbyusing

trendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

J.Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung

"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothes

andotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

K.Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromthe

advertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld——butnotanymore.

Budgetshortfalls（虧空，差額）areforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccess

tostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

L.Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromoting

theirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceand

impliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersare

eagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1.sponsored

educationalmaterials;2.supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhigh

companyvisibility;3.advertisingpostedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputers

inexchangeforfunds;4,contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHut

readingincentivesprograminv/hichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaifthey

achieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5.sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

M.TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingto

targetchildren.It'spartofyouthculture.Thisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowing

upwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonline

alone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodes

regardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologies

makeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andto

targetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

N.Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantfor

olderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,

theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FrC）revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideo

gamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

0.TheFTCstudied44filmsrated"Restricted",anddiscoveredthat80

percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTV

commercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.

TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommature

entertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureratedvideogamesare

advertisedinyouthmagazines;andtoysbasedon"Restricted"moviesandM-rated

videogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）

1.Guiltcanaffectparents'spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon'thaveenough

timefortheirkids.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Bo）

解析：題干大意為，內(nèi)疚感會影響父母做出消費決定，因為他們沒有足夠

的時間陪孩子。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞guilt和parents'spendingdecisions。文

章段落中，論及內(nèi)疚感和影響父母購買決定的內(nèi)容在B段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句提到,

內(nèi)疚感能夠影響父母做出消費決定，忙碌的父母希望用購買的東西來彌補自己沒

有足夠的時間陪孩子。由此可知，題干對原文進行了同義改寫，故答案為B。題

干中的affect與原文中的playarolein對應(yīng)。

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyalties

couldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Ho）

解析：題干大意為，新美國夢中心指出，孩子早在兩歲的時候就可以形成

品牌忠誠度。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theCenterforaNewAmericanDream,

brandloyalties和agetwo。文章段落中,提到新美國夢中心的內(nèi)容在H段出現(xiàn),

該段第三句提到，根據(jù)新美國夢中心所說，早在兩歲的時候就可以建立品牌忠誠

度，而到了去學(xué)校的年紀(jì)，大多數(shù)孩子都可以認(rèn)識幾百個品牌標(biāo)識。由此可知，

題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為H。

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneed

moneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項L（正確答案：Ko）

解析：題干大意為，教育委員會允許企業(yè)接近學(xué)生是因為他們急需資金和

教學(xué)材料。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞schoolboards。文章段落中，提到教育委員

會的內(nèi)容在K段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句中提到，預(yù)算虧空迫使教育委員會允許企業(yè)進

入校園，以此換取學(xué)校急需的資金、計算機和教學(xué)材料。題干對原文內(nèi)容做了概

述，故答案為Ko

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrom

matureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：。。）

解析：題干意為，聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的報告強調(diào)了一個事實，即以成人娛樂

中各個角色為原型的玩具經(jīng)常被推銷給年幼的孩子。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞

FTCreport和highlightedthefzct。文章段落中，提到聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會（FTC）有N和

0兩段，但結(jié)合題干中的highlightedthefact可知相關(guān)內(nèi)容在0段，該段第三句

提到，聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的報告還強調(diào)了一個事實，即基于成人娛樂中角色的玩具

經(jīng)常被推銷給年幼的孩子，題千與原文意思一致，故答案為0。

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepart

oftheirlives.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Mo）

解析：題干大意為，對于這一代年輕人來說，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊?/p>

部分。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thisgenerationofyoungpeople和Internet。文章

段落中，提到這一代年輕人和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)系的內(nèi)容在M段，該段第三句提到，互

聯(lián)網(wǎng)伴隨著這一代年輕人長大，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。由此可知，題

干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為M。

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,"persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthe

moresophisticated"importancenagging".（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Do）

解析：題丁意為，根據(jù)《兒童影響力》這本書所說，“堅持糾纏”不如更圓

滑的“重要性糾纏”有效。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞persistencenagging,effective

和importancenagging。文章段落中，提到《兒童影響力》這本書是在D段，該

段第二句提到，“堅持糾纏”就是一再地懇求，不如更圓滑的“重要性糾纏”有

效。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D。題干中的lesseffectivethan

與原文中的notaseffectiveas對應(yīng)。

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.S.FederalTradeCommission,the

movie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmentto

youngchildren.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：No）

解析：題干大意為，依據(jù)美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的一份報告，電影、音樂和

電子游戲業(yè)經(jīng)常向年幼的兒童推銷暴力娛樂。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞areport

releasedbytheU.S.FederalTradeCommission和movie,musicandvideogames

文章段落中，提到美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的報告和電影等行業(yè)的內(nèi)容在

industrieso

N段，該段第二句中提到，美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會2000年發(fā)表的一份報告中披露

了電影、音樂和電子游戲業(yè)是如何習(xí)慣性地向年幼的兒童推銷暴力娛樂的，由此

可知，題干對原文內(nèi)容進行了同義改寫，故答案為N。

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInteractbecausetheinteractive

environmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：J。）

解析：題干意為，話題營銷很適合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因為其互動的環(huán)境可以讓信息

有效傳播。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞buzzmarketing和well-suitedtotheInterneto

文章段落中，論及話題營銷和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)系的內(nèi)容在J段出現(xiàn)，該段提到，話題營

銷很適合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)上的年輕“網(wǎng)絡(luò)推手”利用聊天室和博客在亳無戒備心的用

戶中傳播有關(guān)音樂、服飾和其他產(chǎn)品的信息。由此可知，題干對原文進行了同義

轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為J。

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltouse

childpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Fo）

解析：題干大意為，一個美國心理健康專家小組認(rèn)為，利用兒童心理專家

來幫助市場營銷人員定位兒童需求是不道德的。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵訶U.S.

mentalhealthprofessionals,unethicalpsychologists?文章段落中，提到美國心

理健康專家小組的內(nèi)容在F段出現(xiàn).該段第一句提到，一個美國心理健康專家小

組發(fā)表了一封給美國心理學(xué)會（APA）的公開信，要求他們宣布那種讓兒童心理學(xué)

家?guī)椭袌鰻I銷人員定位兒童需求的做法是不道德的。題干與原文相符，故答案

為Fo

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceive

certificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：L。）

解析：題干大意為，根據(jù)必勝客的閱讀獎勵計劃，完成每月閱讀目標(biāo)的孩

子可以獲得免費比薩。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞和

PizzaHutmonthlyreadinggoalo

文章段落中，提到必勝客及免費比薩的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在L段，該段列舉的第四點內(nèi)容

中提到，必勝客的閱讀獎勵計劃為實現(xiàn)每月閱讀目標(biāo)的兒童提供免費比薩。由此

可知，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為L。

SectionC（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

PassageOne（總題數(shù)：5,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Amidallthejoblosses,there'sonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomic

disruptionhasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.

Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobots

armedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,these

ever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactually

kickingthemoutoftheirjobs.

Automationisn'tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnow

useartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaidocuments,

workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.

"Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collar

jobsareunderattackbymicroprocessors,"sayseconomicsprofessorEdwardLearner.

Therecessionpermanentlywipedout2.5millionjobs.USgrossdomesticproduct

hasclimbedbacktopre-recessionlevels,meaningwe'reproducingasmuchas

before,onlywith6%fewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlyjobkillers

outthere,withoutsourcing（夕卜包）stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.

JeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,arguesthat

robotsactuallysaveUSjobs.Hislogic:companiesthatembraceautomationmight

usefewerworkers,butthat'sstillbetterthanfiringeveryoneandmovingthework

overseas.

It'snotthatrobotsarecheaperthanhumans,thoughoftentheyare.It'sthat

they'rebetter."Insomecasesthequalityrequirementsaresoexactingthatevenif

youwantedtohaveahumandothejob,youcouldn't,"Burnsteinsays.

Samegoesforsurgeons,who'reusingroboticsystemstoperforman

ever-growinglistofoperations一notbecausethemachinessavemoneybutbecause,

thankstothegreaterprecisionofrobots,thepatientsrecoverinlesstimeandhave

fewercomplications,saysDr.MyriamCuret.

Surgeonsmaysurvivetherobotinvasion,butothersatthehospitalmight

notbesolucky,asiRobot,makeroftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeen

showingoffAva,whichcouldbeusedasamessengerinahospital.Andonceyou're

home,recovering,Avacouldletyoutalktoyourdoctor,sothere'snoneedtosend

someonetoyourhouse.That"mobiletelepresence"couldbeusefulattheoffice.If

you'reawayonatrip,youcanstillattendameeting.Justconnectvia

videoconferencingsoftware,soyourfaceappearsonAva'sscreen.

Isanyjobsafe?Iwashopingtosay"journalist",butresearchersarealready

developingsoftwarethatcangatherfactsandwriteanewsstory.Whichmeansthat

afewyearsfromnow,arobotcouldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?

Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfewparagraphs?（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

A.Theover-useofrobotshasdonedamagetoAmericaneconomy.

B.ltishardforrobotstoreplacehumansinhighlyprofessionalwork.

C.Artificialintelligenceiskeytofuturetechnologicalinnovations.

D.Theroboticindustryhasbenefitedfromtheeconomicrecession.J

解析：推理判斷題。文章第一段講到經(jīng)濟衰退時期的機器人獲益于經(jīng)濟混

亂；第二至四段講到機器人不光影響了藍領(lǐng)的工作，同樣也影響了白領(lǐng)的工作，

把人類從其崗位上一腳踢開。由此可推斷出機器人產(chǎn)業(yè)受益于經(jīng)濟衰退，故答案

為Do

PassageTwo（總題數(shù):5,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitby

therecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheU.S.andisexpectedto

driveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetabout

globalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld'spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmost

completelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophic

shortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwater

availabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientists

said.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetarian

diet.Onethirdoftheworld'sarable（適于耕種的）landisusedtogrowcropstofeed

animals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtrade

betweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

"900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2billionpeoplearemalnourished

inspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease,"theysaid.

"With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedan

additional2billionpeopleby2050willplacegreaterpressureonavailablewaterand

land."

Thereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwater

conferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,

nongovernmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobal

watersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswill

intensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid,"TheUNpredictsthat

wemustincreasefoodproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplace

additionalpressureonour'alreadystressedwaterresources',atatimewhenwealso

needtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand一whichisexpectedto

rise60%overthecoming30years一andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billion

peoplecurrentlywithoutit,"saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincre