2024年消費者調(diào)查報告：汽車用戶行為及觀點分析 2024 Driver Behaviors and Perspectives-澳大利亞交通能源研究所

CONSUMERSURVEY

2024Driver

BehaviorsandPerspectives

December

2024

Page1

CONSUMERSURVEY

TableofContents

Introduction3

Methodology4

1.GasPricesandConsumerSensitivity5

2.ConsumerFuelBuyingBehavior14

3.VehiclePreferences34

4.PerceptionsandAttitudes44

5.ElectricVehicleCharging48

6.Conclusion54

AboutTEI57

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Introduction

Intheefforttoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftransportation,consumerswillbetheultimatedecisionmakerregardingwhichemissionsreductiontechnologiesorenergyoptionswillbemostsuccessful.Therefore,itisessentialtounderstandwhattheythinkandhowtheybehavetoensurethatthesolutionsbeingofferedtothemfittheirneedsandpreferences.Forthisreason,theTransportationEnergyInstitute(TEI)frequentlycommissionsorparticipatesinconsumersurveys,to

provideinsightintowhatconsumersarethinkingatagivenperiodoftime.Thiswhitepaperpresentsfindingsfromthe2024consumersurveysupportedbytheInstitute.Theseresultsarepresentedasanadditionaltooltobetterunderstandthedriver.Aswithallsurveys,theresultsreflecthowrespondentsanswered

questionsatagivenmomentintime.Thetimingoftheannualsurveysis

deliberate;theyaredesignedtoassessconsumersentimentandinsightsearlyinthetransitiontosummer-blendfuelsoftenbeforeconsumershaveobserved

relatedpriceincreaseslinkedtothetransition.

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Methodology

OnbehalfofNACS(theNationalAssociationofConvenienceStores),andin

collaborationwiththeTEI,BoldDecisionconductedonlineinterviewsfromFriday,

March8–Tuesday,March12,2024,amongN=1,200Americanadults(age18+,

nationwide),includingN=990“gasconsumers”(thosewhosaytheydriveandbuygasatleastonceamonth).Theoverallmarginoferroratthe95%confidenceintervalis+/-2.83%forinterviewsamongtheN=1,200USadults,and+/-3.11%forinterviews

amongtheN=990gasconsumers.Certainquestionsweresplit-sampledtoreduce

respondentfatigueandsomefindingsmaytotalmoreorlessthan100%dueto

rounding.Inthedatapresentedinthispaper,allresponsesarederivedfromthegasconsumers(N=990),exceptwherenotedinwhichcasethedatarepresentsresponsesfromallU.S.adults(N=1,200).

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1.GasPricesandConsumerSensitivity

GasPricesServeasaBellwetherontheEconomy

Retailgasolineistheonlycommodityforwhichconsumerscancomparisonshopbypricewhiledriving45+milesperhour.Retailersposttheirpricesontallsignsfeaturingnumberstallerthanafoot,creatingthemostpricecompetitivemarketintheeconomy.Thisdailyreminderoffuelprices,however,hasaneffectgreaterthansimplycreatingcompetitionforthecustomer–thesepricesareamajorinputonthebarometerforhowaverageAmericansfeeltheeconomyisdoing.

Itisimportantforcontexttounderstandwherethemarketwaswhenthesurveywasconducted.BetweenMarch8–12,2024,thenationalaverageretailweeklypriceofgasolinewasabout$3.37,accordingtoOPIS.Asapointofreference,thispricewas$0.316lowerthantheaveragepricechargedJanuary1,2022throughJune30,2024andwaslowerthantheaverageweeklypricein103outof129weeks.

Figure1

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Ingeneral,atthetimeofthesurvey(March2024)themajorityofAmericans(55%)feltpessimisticabouttheeconomy,witholderagegroupsexpressinggreater

pessimism.Supportingthehypothesisthatgaspriceshaveanimpactonhow

peoplefeelabouttheeconomy,thosewhocommutetoworkeverydaywere

muchmorepessimistic(57%)thanthosewhoworkfromhome(44%).ConsumersintheMidwestandNortheast,aswellasthosewholiveinRuralmarkets,werethemostpessimisticabouttheeconomy.

Figures2–6:Generallyspeaking,howdoyoufeelabouttheeconomy?

Figure2

Figure3

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure4

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Figure5

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure6

Overall,85%ofAmericanssaidthepriceofgasolineinfluenceshowtheyfeelabouttheeconomy.Thisisunderstandablegiventheimpactoftransportation-relatedexpensesonconsumers.AccordingtoU.S.BureauofTransportationStatistics,transportation-relatedexpenseswerethesecondhighestshareofhouseholdexpenditures,accountingfor16.9%ofaveragehouseholdspendingin2022.[1]Of

transportation-relatedexpenses,25%wereattributedtoexpendituresongasoline,otherfuelsandmotoroil.[2]Asashareofallexpenses,gasolinerepresented4.3%oftheaverageAmerican’sexpendituresin2022.

[1]/stories/s/u3wt-eyhe

[2]/opub/reports/consumer-

expenditures/2022/#:~:text=Average%20annual%20expenditures%20grew%20by,(15.7%20percent)%20from%202019.

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Overall,85%ofAmericanssaidthepriceofgasolineinfluenceshowtheyfeelabouttheeconomy.Thisis

understandablegiventheimpactoftransportation-relatedexpensesonconsumers.AccordingtoU.S.BureauofTransportationStatistics,transportation-relatedexpenseswerethesecondhighestshareofhousehold

expenditures,accountingfor16.9%ofaveragehouseholdspendingin2022[1]Oftransportation-relatedexpenses,25%wereattributedtoexpendituresongasoline,otherfuelsandmotoroil.[2]Asashareofallexpenses,gasolinerepresented4.3%oftheaverageAmerican’sexpendituresin2022.

[1]/stories/s/u3wt-eyhe

[2]/opub/reports/consumer-

expenditures/2022/#:~:text=Average%20annual%20expenditures%20grew%20by,(15.7%20percent)%20from%202019.

TransportationCostBurden

Figure7

Figure8

Overall,85%ofAmericanssaidthepriceofgasolineinfluenceshowtheyfeelabouttheeconomy.Thisisunderstandablegiventheimpactoftransportation-relatedexpensesonconsumers.AccordingtoU.S.BureauofTransportationStatistics,transportation-relatedexpenseswerethesecondhighestshareofhouseholdexpenditures,accountingfor16.9%ofaveragehouseholdspendingin2022.[1]Of

transportation-relatedexpenses,25%wereattributedtoexpendituresongasoline,otherfuelsandmotoroil.[2]Asashareofallexpenses,gasolinerepresented4.3%oftheaverageAmerican’sexpendituresin2022.

[1]/stories/s/u3wt-eyhe

[2]/opub/reports/consumer-

expenditures/2022/#:~:text=Average%20annual%20expenditures%20grew%20by,(15.7%20percent)%20from%202019.

Thesurveyfoundthattheyoungeragegroupsweremoreaffectedbygaspricesthanwereolderconsumers,whichisconsistentwithdatarelativetoincomedistributionbyagegroup,whichshowsyoungerconsumerstypicallyearnlessthanolderconsumers.

Figure9

,byAge

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Thehighestpercentageofconsumerssaidpriceshada“greatimpact”ontheirfeelingsabouttheeconomywerethoseintheWest(53%),whichisnotsurprisinggiventhatgasolineistypicallythemostexpensiveintheWest.Acrossallconsumercategories,therewereveryfewpeoplewhosaidgaspriceshavenoimpactontheirfeelingsabouttheeconomy.

Figure10-14:Howmuchdogaspricestodayimpactyourfeelingsontheeconomy?

Figure10

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Figure11

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure12

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Figure13

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure14

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2.ConsumerFuelBuyingBehavior

ConsumersRemainSensitivetoFuelPrices

Gaspricesaffecthowconsumersfeelabouttheeconomy,andgaspricesalsoplayakeyroleinhowconsumersselectwheretheychoosetobuytheirfuel.Consistentwithresultsfromnearly20yearsofsurveys,70%ofrespondentssaidgaspriceswerethemostimportantfactorwhenchoosingwheretobuyfuel.Whenlookingatresultsacrossvariousdemographicgroups,therewasnosignificantvariabilityonthecentralimportanceofprice–mostrespondentsfeltthe

sameregardlessoftheirgender,ageorwheretheylive.

Figures15–17:Whenbuyinggas,whichofthefollowingfactorsismostimportanttoyou?

Figure15

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Figure16

Figure17

Figures18–20:

haveapreferen

preferthatgasst

thosewhosay

certaingasstat

chain,whydo

55%ofrespondentssaidtheyhaveapreferenceforacertaingasstationorchainandinanimmediatefollow-upquestion,56%ofthemsaidtheirpreferencewasprimarilybecausethatretailerusuallyhasthelowestprices.

Lowerpriceswasthemostimportantstorefeatureforalldemographicgroups,especiallyforthoseintheWestwhoareaccustomedtopayinghigherpricesthanthenationalaverage.

Figures18–20:Amongthosewhosaytheyhaveapreferenceforacertaingasstationorchain,whydoyoupreferthatgasstationorchain?

chain?

Figure18

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Figure19

Figure20

Beyondthis,consumerssaidtheywouldinconveniencethemselvestosavemoneyatthepump.Showinghowmuchconsumersoftenvaluemoneyovertime,fullytwo-thirds(66%)of

consumerssaidtheywoulddrive5minutesoutoftheirwayorturnleftacrossabusy

intersectiontosave5centspergallon.Remarkably,nearlyhalf(48%)woulddrive10minutesoutoftheirwayforthesamesavings.Andthiswillingnesstoinconveniencethemselvesdidnotvarymuchbygender,agegrouporregion.

Technicallyspeaking,themotivationtoinconvenienceoneselftosavemoneyatthepumpmaynotnecessarilytranslateintoactualmonetarysavingsfortheaverageconsumer.Forexample,aconsumerwhodrives10minutesoutoftheirwaytosave5centspergallonmayspendmoreonthefuelrequiredforthisdetourthantheamountsavedatthepump.Thisconsumerinclinationtoinconveniencethemselvestosavemoneyatthepumpdespiteitbeinganeconomical

behaviorindicatesanemotionalelementintheconsumerdecision-makingprocesstoseekoutthebestdeal–evenifitcontradictsthepotentialfinancialreward.

Figures21-24:Howstronglydoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?Figure21

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Figure22

Figure23

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Andfinally,whenaskedwhatonethingaconveniencestorecoulddotoearnmoreofthecustomer’sbusiness,58%saidtheyshouldofferalowergasprice.Allofthisleadstoa

conclusionthatanyalternativetotraditionalfuelandpowertrainswillhavetobecostcompetitive,ifnotadvantageous,andtransparentlysofortheconsumer.

ExampleofFinancialImpactof10MinuteDetour

Figure24

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Figures25–27:Ifaconveniencestorenearyoucoulddoonethingtogetmoreofyourbusiness,whatwoulditbe?

Figure25

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Figure26

be?

Figure27

be?

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FuelBuyingBehavior

Howconsumerscurrentlypurchasetheirfuelisanimportantfactorthatcaninfluencethetransitionofthetransportationsectortoanyfutureenergysources.Matchingconsumerbehaviortominimizebehavioralfrictionisessentialtosuccessfullyintroducinganewfuelorvehicleoption.

Today,consumerstendtorefueltheirvehiclesthroughouttheday,withroughlyone-thirdvisitinga

fuelingstationinthemorning,afternoonandeveninghours.Notably,frequencyoffuelpurchasedeclinessignificantlyafterthesungoesdownandthetraditionalworkdaycommuteends.Understandingwhendifferentdemographics,suchasagegroups,prefertopurchasefuel,canhelpretailersdesignmarketingstrategiestoappealtothosecustomers.

Figures28–30:Generallyspeaking,atwhattimeofthedaydoyoumostoftenpurchasegas?

Figure28

Figure29

Figure30

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Themajorityofconsumerswanttogetthemostrangefromtheirrefuelingvisit,with59%

sayingtheytypicallyfilltheirtank.Yetanother38%decidehowmuchfueltopurchasebasedupontheirbudgetoravailablecashonhand,anotherindicatoroftheinfluenceofprice.

Youngerdriverstendtoworkwithinabudget,moresothanotheragegroups.

Figures31-33:Whendecidinghowmuchgastopurchase,doyoutypically…?

Figure31

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Figure32

Figure33

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Anotherkeyfactortoconsideriswhereconsumersbuyfuelandwhy.Conveniencestoresarethesinglemostcommonlocationacrossallconsumers,withmorethanhalf(55%)sayingtheytypicallybuygasolineataconveniencestore.Thatsaid,comparedtoallotheragegroups,

consumersovertheageof65aresignificantlymorelikelytobuyingfuelfromabig-boxretailer.

Figures34-36:Wheredoyoumostoftenbuygas?

Figure34

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Figure35

Figure36

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Formostconsumers(53%),buyingfuelwastheprimaryreasontovisitaconveniencestore.Youngerconsumers(underage34)-morethanotheragegroup-reportedseekingouta

conveniencestoreinparticulartobuyasnackormeal.

Figures37-39:Thinkingaboutthelasttimeyouwenttoaconveniencestore,whatwasthemainreasonforyourtrip?

Figure37

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Figure38

Figure39

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58%ofcustomerssaidtheywentintotheconveniencestorethelasttimetheyboughtgas.However,they

frequentlydomuchmorethanpayforgas(45%),includingbuyingadrink(46%),buyingasnack(39%),or

usingtherestroom(27%).Asalternativetransportationenergyoptionsgainmarketshare,understandingthebuyingbehaviorsofconsumerswillhelpidentifywheretomosteffectivelylocateenergysuppliesthatthey

mayneedinthefutureandprovideamenitiesthataredesirabletothedriver.

Figures40-41:Thinkingaboutthelasttimeyoupurchasedgas,didyoualsogoinsideastoreassociatedwithagasstation?

Figure40

Figure41

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Figures42-44–Amongthosewhowentinsidethestorethelasttimetheypurchasedgas,whichofthefollowingdidyoudowhileyouwereinthestoreassociatedwiththegasstation?Pleaseselectallthatapply.

Figure42

Whichofthefollowingdidyoudowhileyouwereinthestoreassociatedwiththegasstation?

(multipleresponsespermitted)

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Figure43

?

Figure44

?

3.VehiclePreferences

Nearlyhalf(40%)ofrespondentssaidtheyarelikelytopurchaseorleaseaneworusedvehicle

withinthenexttwoyears.Those18-34yearsaremoreinterestedinacquiringavehicle,with56%

sayingtheyarelikelytodoso,whereasonly29%ofthoseover65arelikelytomakesuchapurchase.

Figures45-47–Howlikelyareyoutobuyorleaseaneworusedvehicleinthenexttwoyears?

Figure45

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Figure46

Figure47

Consumersselectavehiclebasedonavarietyofdifferentfactors.Anynewvehiclethataimstosecureasizeableshareofthemarketmustkeeptheseinmind.Andjustasoneneedstoconsiderhowand

whereconsumerscurrentlyacquireenergytopowerthevehicle,itisalsoimportanttounderstandwhattheywantintheirvehicles,toensurethatnewalternativeswillsatisfythecoreneedsofbuyers.

Whenselectingavehicle,30%ofconsumerssaidvehiclepricewasthemostimportantfactor

influencingtheirdecision.Reliability(19%),safety(16%)andfueleconomy(13%)werethenextmostimportantfactors.Itisworthrepeatingherethattheseresultsarerelativetotherespondentsinthissurvey;manyothersurveyshavebeenconductedregardingvehiclepurchasedecisionsandtheresultscanvarysignificantlybetweensurveys.

Thefactorsthatweremostimportantvariedbyagegroup.Comparedwithotheragegroups,vehiclepricewasleastimportanttothose18–34yearsofagewhereasreliabilitywascomparativelymostimportanttothoseolderthan50.

Figures48–50:Amongthoselikelytobuy/lease,whichofthefollowingismostimportantwhenthinkingaboutbuyingorleasingavehicle?

Figure48

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Figure49

Figure50

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Whenallowedtoselectmorethanoneresponse,reliability(79%)toppedthelistoffactorsconsideredimportant.Itwasfollowedcloselybypurchaseprice(77%),safety(72%)andmaintenancecost(69%).Thelevelofimportanceofthesefactorsdidnotvarysignificantlyamonggendersoragegroups

Figures51-61-Howimportantarethefollowingwhenthinkingaboutbuyingorleasingavehicle?

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4.PerceptionsandAttitudes

Whenaskedabouttheirattitudesaboutcertaintransportationoptions,lessthanhalfreportedapositiveattitudetowardsride-shareservices(45%),electricvehicles(40%)orautonomous

vehicles(25%).

Figure62

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Attitudestowardstheseoptionsvariedsignificantlybyageandregion.Withregardtoride

sharing,youngerconsumershadamorepositiveattitudethanolderdemographics,whilethoseinurbanandsuburbansettingsweremorepositivethanthoseinruralsettings,wheresuch

serviceslikelyarenotaswidelyavailable.

Figures63-64:Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardsrideshare/ondemandservices?

Figure63

Figure64

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Viewsregardingelectricvehiclesweremuchmorepositiveamongyoungerdrivers,with53%ofthose18-35holdingapositiveattitudecontrastedwithonly23%ofthoseover65yearsofage.Likewise,consumersintheNortheast,Westandurbanmarketsmaintainedamorepositive

attitudecomparedwiththoseintheMidwestandRuralmarkets.

Figures65-66:Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardselectricvehicles?

Figure65

Figure66

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Only25%ofconsumershadapositiveattitudetowardsautonomousvehicles,withmenand

youngerconsumersmoreoptimistic.Womenandolderconsumerwerequiteskeptical,aswerethoseinsuburbanandruralmarkets.

Figures67-68–Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardsautonomous(self-driving)vehicles?

Figure67

Figure68

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5.ElectricVehicleCharging

Whenaskedwhereelectricvehiclechargingstationsshouldbelocated,consumersoverwhelminglyagreed(71%)thatconveniencestoresandgasstationsshouldofferchargingservices.Hotels(61%),grocerystores(58%)andmalls(57%)werealsopopularresponses.Itisworthnotingthatthese

optionswereprovidedtorespondentsandmorethanoneselectionwaspermitted.Therewasnosignificantvariationamongdemographicgroupsorregions.

Figures69-71:Inyouropinion,whereshouldEVchargersbelocated?Pleaseselectallthatapply

Figure69

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Figure70

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Whenaskedthemaximumamountoftimetheywouldbewillingtowaittochargeanelectricvehicle,

consumersonaveragesaid44minutes,whereasthemedianresponsewas20minutes.It’simportanttomentallycontrastthiswithcurrentrealityformostICEdrivers:approximately5minutestorefuela

vehicleandanaverageofabout3.5minutesspentinsideaconveniencestore.Men,youngerdriversandthoseintheSouthseemedtobemoreopentoalongerchargingtimewhereasthoseintheWestseemedtobethemostimpatient.Thatsaid,themedianresponsewasrelativelyconsistent,withnotable

exceptionsamongyoungerandolderdriversandthoseinurbanenvironments.

Figures72-73:IfyouweredrivinganElectricVehicle,whatisthemaximumamountoftime(inminutes)youwouldbewillingtowaittorechargeavehiclewhileontheroad?

Figure72

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Figures74-75:Inyouropinion,doyouthinkcharginganElectricVehicle(EV)outsideofyourhomewouldbe…

Figure74

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Whenaskedwhichvehicletheythoughtwouldhavethelowesttotalcostofownership,conventionalvehiclesledthefieldwith39%ofconsumers.YoungerdriversandthoseintheWestandUrban

marketsweremoreoptimisticabouttheeconomicsofelectricvehiclesthanotherdemographicgroups,whereasolderandruralconsumersweremoreoptimisticaboutconventionalvehicles.

Figures76-78:Consideringeverythingfrompurchasecosttotheexpenseoffueling/charging,inyouropinionwhichhasaloweroverallcostofownership?

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6.Conclusion

Surveysmeasurespecificthoughtsandattitudesatagivenmomentintime,buttheycan

providepredictiveinsighttohelpguidethoseseekingtoservethetransportationsectorinthenearfuture.Theresultsofthissurveyappeartoshedlightonadivideamongdemographicsgroupsregardingtheirattitudesandopinionsaboutalternativetransportationoptions.Olderconsumersandthoseintheruralmarketsseemedleastoptimisticabouttheeconomy,whichcorrespondswitholderandruralconsumersbeingtheleastlikelytoacquireavehiclewithintwoyears.Bycontrast,youngerandurbanconsumerswerebothmoreoptimisticabouttheeconomyandlikelytoacquireavehicleinthenearfuture.

Attitudesaboutalternativetransportationwerelikewisesplit,witholderandruralconsumersholdinglesspositiveattitudestowardsrideshare,electric,andautonomousvehicles.

Meanwhile,youngerandurbanconsumerswerethemostpositiveabouteachoption.Infact,consumersaged18–34weretheonlyagegroupinwhichamajority(53%)heldpositiveviewsaboutelectricvehiclesandtheseconsumerssaidtheywerewillingtospendmoretime

chargingtheirvehiclethananyotheragegroup.Asolderconsumersageoutofthecarbuyingmarket,thefutureofthetransportationsectorwillbemoreheavilyinfluencedbythese

youngerbuyers.Itwillbeveryimportanttopayattentiontotheirevolvingperspectivesovertimeandensurethatvehicles,energyandinfrastructuresatisfytheirneedsan