2023年全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實務(wù)試題真題及答案

2023年全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實務(wù)試題真題及答案[問答題]1.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.PassageOneGe（江南博哥）nderequalityisnotonlyafundamentalhumanright,butanecessaryfoundationforapeaceful,prosperousandsustainableworld.Providingwomenandgirlswithequalaccesstoeducation,healthcare,decentwork,andrepresentationinpoliticalandeconomicdecision-makingprocesseswillfuelsustainableeconomiesandbenefitsocietiesandhumanityatlarge.Therefore,genderequalityandwomen’sempowermentareoneoftheoverarchingprioritiesofUNESCO.Thisisastrategyformakingwomen’saswellasmen’sconcernsandexperiencesanintegraldimensionofthedesign,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammesinallpolitical,economicandsocietalspheressothatwomenandmenbenefitequallyandinequalityisnotperpetuated.Theultimategoalistoachievegenderequality.Increasingattentionisbeingplacedongenderequalityissuesglobally,buoyedbyseverallegalandnormativeinstruments,conventionsanddeclarations.ChiefamongthesearetheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenandtheBeijingDeclarationandPlatformforAction.Thelatter,whichwastheoutcomeoftheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomen,in1995,emphasizesthekeyroleofmediatopromotegenderequalityinallspheres;allstake-holdersarecalledtojoinforcestocombat“stereotypingofwomenandinequalityinwomen’saccesstoandparticipationinallcommunicationsystems,especiallyinthemedia”.UNESCO’scommitmentandstrategytothisendispursuedthroughatwo-foldapproach:(i)gender-specificprogrammingand(ii)takinggender-focusedactionsinallofUNESCO’sfieldsofwork.UNESCO’sCommunicationandInformationSectorhasfullyembracedthiscommitmentandhasengagedgloballyinawiderangeofgender-specificinitiativesacrossitsdivisionsandmainactions.Equalitybetweenwomenandmenworkinginthemedia,andequalityinnewsreportingonwomenandmen,areofequalimportanceandarebeingstridentlypursued.IncooperationwiththeInternationalFederationofJournalistsandmanyotherpartners,UNESCOhasadoptedthisglobalframeworkofGender-SensitiveIndicatorsforMedia(GSIM).Theseindicatorshavebeendevelopedtoenableeffectiveassessmentofrelateddevelopmentinthemedia.InordertofurtherenrichtheGSIMresource,andasafundamentalstepforitscompletion,asecondroundofconsultationwascarriedoutonlinewithUNESCOmediapartnersglobally.Broadcastingandprintassociationscontributedcomments,suggestionsandinsightstofurtherenhancethedocument.TheconsultationwiththeseassociationswasessentialbecauseitenablesUNESCOtoembedintotheGSIMtheperspectivesofthesekeypartners.ThisenablesustostressthatuseoftheGSIMisnotanattempttolimitfreedomofexpressionandtheindependenceofmedia,buttovoluntarilyenrichtheseunderlyingcharacteristics.UNESCOisconfidentthat,iffullyimplemented,theGSIMwillproduceanimpactinbothqualitativeandquantitativeterms.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】性別平等不僅是一項基本人權(quán)，也是實現(xiàn)世界和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要基礎(chǔ)。為女性和女孩提供平等的教育、就醫(yī)、體面就業(yè)以及參與政治和經(jīng)濟決策的機會，將推動經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展，造福社會和全人類。因此，性別平等和女性賦權(quán)是聯(lián)合國教科文組織首要事宜之一。這項戰(zhàn)略旨在保證，在設(shè)計、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測和評價政治、經(jīng)濟和社會全領(lǐng)域政策和方案之時，女性和男性的關(guān)切和經(jīng)歷都能成為必要的考量維度（因素），確保婦女和男子平等受益，不平等現(xiàn)象不至于長期存在，最終實現(xiàn)性別平等。全球越來越重視性別平等問題，其背后推動因素是若干法律和規(guī)范文書，即各種公約和宣言。其中最主要的是《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《北京宣言和行動綱要》?！侗本┬院托袆泳V要》于1995年聯(lián)合國第四次婦女問題世界會議上達成，強調(diào)了新聞媒介對于促進各領(lǐng)域性別平等的關(guān)鍵作用。《北京宣言和行動綱要》還呼吁所有利益攸關(guān)方聯(lián)合起來，消除對婦女的刻板印象，以及女性在接觸和使用通信系統(tǒng)（尤其是媒體）方面的不平等”。教科文組織意在通過兩種方法來實現(xiàn)自己為此作出的承諾和制定的戰(zhàn)略：（1）出臺針對性別平等的方案以及（2）在教科文組織全領(lǐng)域工作中采取注重性別平等的行動。聯(lián)合國教科文組織傳播與信息部門已充分踐行這一承諾，并在全球范圍內(nèi)，在其各司和主要行動中開展了一系列針對性別的具體舉措。媒體工作中的性別平等以及新聞報道中的性別平等同等重要，正在得到積極追求。聯(lián)合國教科文組織與國際記者聯(lián)合會和許多其他合作伙伴合作，采用了這一全球性的媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)（GSIM）框架。制定這些指標(biāo)是為了有效評估媒體相關(guān)發(fā)展情況。為了進一步豐富《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》資源/內(nèi)容，并作為完成《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》制定的基本步驟，教科文組織向全球媒體合作伙伴進行了第二輪在線咨詢。各廣播和通訊社為進一步完善《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》提供了意見、建議和見解。與這些協(xié)會進行協(xié)商至關(guān)重要，因為這使聯(lián)合國教科文組織能夠?qū)⑦@些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴的觀點納入《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》。我們也能強調(diào)使用《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》并不是要試圖限制言論自由和媒體的獨立性，而是主動豐富這些潛在特征。聯(lián)合國教科文組織相信，如果全面實施《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》，將在質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上都產(chǎn)生影響。解析（1）Genderequalityisnotonlyafundamentalhumanright,butanecessaryfoundationforapeaceful,prosperousandsustainableworld.Providingwomenandgirlswithequalaccesstoeducation,healthcare,decentwork,andrepresentationinpoliticalandeconomicdecision-makingprocesseswillfuelsustainableeconomiesandbenefitsocietiesandhumanityatlarge.Therefore,genderequalityandwomen’sempowermentareoneoftheoverarchingprioritiesofUNESCO.性別平等不僅是一項基本人權(quán)，也是實現(xiàn)世界和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要基礎(chǔ)。為女性和女孩提供平等的教育、就醫(yī)、體面就業(yè)以及參與政治和經(jīng)濟決策的機會，將推動經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展，造福社會和全人類。因此，性別平等和女性賦權(quán)是聯(lián)合國教科文組織首要事宜之一。[分析]長句翻譯時可拆分為多個短句，使表達更清晰?！癴undamentalhumanright”譯為“基本人權(quán)”?！皃eaceful,prosperousandsustainableworld”譯為“和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的世界”?！皁verarchingpriorities”譯為“首要事宜”。（2）Thisisastrategyformakingwomen’saswellasmen’sconcernsandexperiencesanintegraldimensionofthedesign,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammesinallpolitical,economicandsocietalspheressothatwomenandmenbenefitequallyandinequalityisnotperpetuated.Theultimategoalistoachievegenderequality.這項戰(zhàn)略旨在保證，在設(shè)計、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測和評價政治、經(jīng)濟和社會全領(lǐng)域政策和方案之時，女性和男性的關(guān)切和經(jīng)歷都能成為必要的考量維度（因素），確保婦女和男子平等受益，不平等現(xiàn)象不至于長期存在，最終實現(xiàn)性別平等。[分析]“integraldimension”譯為“必要的考量維度（因素）”?！癲esign,implementation,monitoringandevaluation”譯為“設(shè)計、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測和評價”。“political,economicandsocietalspheres”譯為“政治、經(jīng)濟和社會全領(lǐng)域”。“perpetuated”譯為“長期存在”。注意“sothat…”引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句的翻譯，譯文將其處理為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，突出其重要性。（3）Increasingattentionisbeingplacedongenderequalityissuesglobally,buoyedbyseverallegalandnormativeinstruments,conventionsanddeclarations.ChiefamongthesearetheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenandtheBeijingDeclarationandPlatformforAction.Thelatter,whichwastheoutcomeoftheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomen,in1995,emphasizesthekeyroleofmediatopromotegenderequalityinallspheres;allstake-holdersarecalledtojoinforcestocombat“stereotypingofwomenandinequalityinwomen’saccesstoandparticipationinallcommunicationsystems,especiallyinthemedia”.UNESCO’scommitmentandstrategytothisendispursuedthroughatwo-foldapproach:(i)gender-specificprogrammingand(ii)takinggender-focusedactionsinallofUNESCO’sfieldsofwork.全球越來越重視性別平等問題，其背后推動因素是若干法律和規(guī)范文書，即各種公約和宣言。其中最主要的是《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《北京宣言和行動綱要》?！侗本┬院托袆泳V要》于1995年聯(lián)合國第四次婦女問題世界會議上達成，強調(diào)了新聞媒介對于促進各領(lǐng)域性別平等的關(guān)鍵作用?！侗本┬院托袆泳V要》還呼吁所有利益攸關(guān)方聯(lián)合起來，消除對婦女的刻板印象，以及女性在接觸和使用通信系統(tǒng)（尤其是媒體）方面的不平等”。教科文組織意在通過兩種方法來實現(xiàn)自己為此作出的承諾和制定的戰(zhàn)略：（1）出臺針對性別平等的方案以及（2）在教科文組織全領(lǐng)域工作中采取注重性別平等的行動。[分析]“buoyedby”譯為“其背后推動因素是”?！皊take-holders”譯為“利益攸關(guān)方”?！發(fā)egalandnormativeinstruments”譯為“法律和規(guī)范文書”。“gender-specificprogramming”譯為“針對性別平等的方案”。（4）UNESCO’sCommunicationandInformationSectorhasfullyembracedthiscommitmentandhasengagedgloballyinawiderangeofgender-specificinitiativesacrossitsdivisionsandmainactions.Equalitybetweenwomenandmenworkinginthemedia,andequalityinnewsreportingonwomenandmen,areofequalimportanceandarebeingstridentlypursued.IncooperationwiththeInternationalFederationofJournalistsandmanyotherpartners,UNESCOhasadoptedthisglobalframeworkofGender-SensitiveIndicatorsforMedia(GSIM).Theseindicatorshavebeendevelopedtoenableeffectiveassessmentofrelateddevelopmentinthemedia.聯(lián)合國教科文組織傳播與信息部門已充分踐行這一承諾，并在全球范圍內(nèi)，在其各司和主要行動中開展了一系列針對性別的具體舉措。媒體工作中的性別平等以及新聞報道中的性別平等同等重要，正在得到積極追求。聯(lián)合國教科文組織與國際記者聯(lián)合會和許多其他合作伙伴合作，采用了這一全球性的媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)（GSIM）框架。制定這些指標(biāo)是為了有效評估媒體相關(guān)發(fā)展情況。[分析]“gender-specificinitiatives”譯為“針對性別的具體舉措”?！皊tridentlypursued”譯為“正在得到積極追求”?！癈ommunicationandInformationSector”譯為“傳播與信息部門”?！癵ender-specificinitiatives”譯為“針對性別的具體舉措”?！癎ender-SensitiveIndicatorsforMedia(GSIM)”譯為“媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)”。（5）InordertofurtherenrichtheGSIMresource,andasafundamentalstepforitscompletion,asecondroundofconsultationwascarriedoutonlinewithUNESCOmediapartnersglobally.Broadcastingandprintassociationscontributedcomments,suggestionsandinsightstofurtherenhancethedocument.TheconsultationwiththeseassociationswasessentialbecauseitenablesUNESCOtoembedintotheGSIMtheperspectivesofthesekeypartners.ThisenablesustostressthatuseoftheGSIMisnotanattempttolimitfreedomofexpressionandtheindependenceofmedia,buttovoluntarilyenrichtheseunderlyingcharacteristics.UNESCOisconfidentthat,iffullyimplemented,theGSIMwillproduceanimpactinbothqualitativeandquantitativeterms.為了進一步豐富《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》資源/內(nèi)容，并作為完成《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》制定的基本步驟，教科文組織向全球媒體合作伙伴進行了第二輪在線咨詢。各廣播和通訊社為進一步完善《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》提供了意見、建議和見解。與這些協(xié)會進行協(xié)商至關(guān)重要，因為這使聯(lián)合國教科文組織能夠?qū)⑦@些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴的觀點納入《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》。我們也能強調(diào)使用《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》并不是要試圖限制言論自由和媒體的獨立性，而是主動豐富這些潛在特征。聯(lián)合國教科文組織相信，如果全面實施《媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)》，將在質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上都產(chǎn)生影響。[分析]“mediapartners”譯為“媒體合作伙伴”。“Broadcastingandprintassociations”譯為“各廣播和通訊社”。“underlyingcharacteristics”譯為“潛在特征”。[問答題]2.PassageTwoWhenrainfallismeasuredinfeet,notinches,wearewitnessingclimatechangebearingdownonus.CatastrophicdestructiontiedtotheAtlantichurricaneseason,monsoonrainsinMumbai,anddownpoursinNigerarejustafewofthemanyextremeweathereventsthatarebeingintensifiedbyglobalwarming.Whiletheriseofafewdegreesintemperaturemaynotbeenoughforapersontorunafever,thatchangeisenoughtoradicallyimpacttheearth’sclimate.Bywayofcomparison,theearthwasoncerenderedlargelyuninhabitablebyaonetotwo-degreeCelsiusdropintemperature—aneranowreferredtoastheLittleIceAge.Inresponsetothethreatposedbyglobalclimatechange,mostnationshavecommittedtosignificantmitigationefforts,throughtheParisAgreement,toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Butwillthesecollectiveeffortsbeenough?Somescientistsaretryinganotherapproach,exploringnewtoolstodeliberatelyaltertheglobalclimatesystem.Thesediscreteanddiversetechnologiesareoftengroupedundertheall-encompassingandpoorlydefinedrubricof“climateengineering”or“geoengineering.”Theseradicallydifferentapproachesaimtoeitherhalttheprocessofglobalwarmingbyremovinggreenhousegasesfromtheatmosphereortocounteractwarmingalreadyunderway.Theproblemis,whileseveraltoolsseemtobegaininggroundincomputermodels,laboratories,andevenreal-worldexperiments,publicdiscussionhasnotkeptpacewiththeiradvancement.Todate,therehasbeentoolittletransparencyandinternationaldialoguearoundtheprogress,feasibility,risksandbenefitsoftheseefforts.Climateengineeringandcurrentmitigationandadaptationeffortsarenotmutuallyexclusive.Expertsgenerallyagreethatthesenewtechnologicalapproachesaloneareunlikelytoprovideadequateprotectionfromthedangersposedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.In1965,theScienceAdvisoryCommitteeraisedconcernsaboutmanmadeclimatechangeandwarnedthat“manisunwittinglyconductingavastgeophysicalexperiment.”Morethan50yearslater,thefieldofclimateengineeringremainslargelyunknown,especiallytopolicymakersandthepublic.Therearerealriskstousingorrejectingclimateengineering.Whileitistemptingtobefororagainstclimateengineering,whatdecisionmakersneedtodonowistogatherscientificfactsandaskasmanyquestionsaspossibleaboutwhatthedeploymentofthesetechnologiesmightmeanforindividuals,societies,nationsandregions.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在衡量降雨量的單位都不是英寸，而是英尺，氣候變化對我們的影響可見一斑。隨著全球變暖，眾多極端天氣事件愈演愈烈，伴隨著災(zāi)難性破壞的大西洋颶風(fēng)季節(jié)、孟買季風(fēng)雨、尼日爾滂沱大雨等等都只是其中的冰山一角。雖然地球氣溫上升幾度可能并不足以讓人發(fā)燒，但卻足以從根本上影響地球氣候。相比之下，在現(xiàn)在我們所稱的小冰河期，地球曾一度氣溫下降1到2攝氏度，幾乎不宜居住。為應(yīng)對全球氣候變化的影響，大多數(shù)國家加入《巴黎協(xié)定》，承諾作出重大努力，緩解氣候變暖，減少溫室氣體排放。但這些國家付出的集體努力/行動就足夠緩解氣候變暖嗎?一些科學(xué)家正在嘗試其他方法，探索能夠有意改變?nèi)驓夂蛳到y(tǒng)的新技術(shù)。這些新技術(shù)雖然相互獨立離散，各式各樣，但通?？蓜澐衷跓o所不包的“氣候工程”或“地球工程”類別之中，但是“氣候工程”或“地球工程”卻定義不明。這些應(yīng)對氣候變化的方法雖然截然不同，但究其原理，要么是通過清除大氣中的溫室氣體來阻止全球變暖，要么是中和/抵消已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的氣候變暖影響。但問題在于，雖然一些新的技術(shù)方法在計算機模型、實驗室甚至現(xiàn)實實驗中越來越受歡迎，但公共話語并沒有跟上它們發(fā)展的步伐。迄今為止，關(guān)于這些工作進展、可行性、風(fēng)險和利益的透明度和國際對話太少。氣候工程與緩解和適應(yīng)氣候變化工作兩者并不相互排斥。專家普遍認為，面對全球氣溫上升造成的危害，僅這些這些新技術(shù)手段并不能提供足夠的保護。1965年，科學(xué)顧問委員會表達了對于人類活動造成氣候變的擔(dān)憂，并警告稱“不知不覺中之中，人類正在進行一場大規(guī)模的地球物理實驗”。50多年后，氣候工程領(lǐng)域在很大程度上仍然屬于未知領(lǐng)域，對政策制定者和公眾而言尤為如此。不管是應(yīng)用還是抵制氣候工程，都確實存在風(fēng)險。盡管要反對或支持氣候工程都十分容易，但現(xiàn)在決策者現(xiàn)需要做的是收集科學(xué)事實，并就部署這些技術(shù)對個人、社會、國家和地區(qū)的潛在影響提出盡可能多的問題。解析（1）Whenrainfallismeasuredinfeet,notinches,wearewitnessingclimatechangebearingdownonus.CatastrophicdestructiontiedtotheAtlantichurricaneseason,monsoonrainsinMumbai,anddownpoursinNigerarejustafewofthemanyextremeweathereventsthatarebeingintensifiedbyglobalwarming.Whiletheriseofafewdegreesintemperaturemaynotbeenoughforapersontorunafever,thatchangeisenoughtoradicallyimpacttheearth’sclimate.Bywayofcomparison,theearthwasoncerenderedlargelyuninhabitablebyaonetotwo-degreeCelsiusdropintemperature—aneranowreferredtoastheLittleIceAge.Inresponsetothethreatposedbyglobalclimatechange,mostnationshavecommittedtosignificantmitigationefforts,throughtheParisAgreement,toreducegreenhousegasemissions.現(xiàn)在衡量降雨量的單位都不是英寸，而是英尺，氣候變化對我們的影響可見一斑。隨著全球變暖，眾多極端天氣事件愈演愈烈，伴隨著災(zāi)難性破壞的大西洋颶風(fēng)季節(jié)、孟買季風(fēng)雨、尼日爾滂沱大雨等等都只是其中的冰山一角。雖然地球氣溫上升幾度可能并不足以讓人發(fā)燒，但卻足以從根本上影響地球氣候。相比之下，在現(xiàn)在我們所稱的小冰河期，地球曾一度氣溫下降1到2攝氏度，幾乎不宜居住。為應(yīng)對全球氣候變化的影響，大多數(shù)國家加入《巴黎協(xié)定》，承諾作出重大努力，緩解氣候變暖，減少溫室氣體排放。[分析]原文長句較多，需要合理斷句并調(diào)整語序，保持中文語義連貫?！癵lobalwarming”譯為“全球變暖”?！癿itigationefforts”譯為“緩解措施”?！癙arisAgreement”譯為“《巴黎協(xié)定》”。（2）Butwillthesecollectiveeffortsbeenough?Somescientistsaretryinganotherapproach,exploringnewtoolstodeliberatelyaltertheglobalclimatesystem.Thesediscreteanddiversetechnologiesareoftengroupedundertheall-encompassingandpoorlydefinedrubricof“climateengineering”or“geoengineering.”Theseradicallydifferentapproachesaimtoeitherhalttheprocessofglobalwarmingbyremovinggreenhousegasesfromtheatmosphereortocounteractwarmingalreadyunderway.但這些國家付出的集體努力/行動就足夠緩解氣候變暖嗎?一些科學(xué)家正在嘗試其他方法，探索能夠有意改變?nèi)驓夂蛳到y(tǒng)的新技術(shù)。這些新技術(shù)雖然相互獨立離散，各式各樣，但通?？蓜澐衷跓o所不包的“氣候工程”或“地球工程”類別之中，但是“氣候工程”或“地球工程”卻定義不明。這些應(yīng)對氣候變化的方法雖然截然不同，但究其原理，要么是通過清除大氣中的溫室氣體來阻止全球變暖，要么是中和/抵消已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的氣候變暖影響。[分析]climateengineering/geoengineering:氣候工程/地球工程。greenhousegases:溫室氣體。Thesediscreteanddiversetechnologiesareoftengroupedundertheall-encompassingandpoorlydefinedrubricof“climateengineering”or“geoengineering.”該句通過解釋性詞匯“無所不包”和“定義不明”來描述“climateengineering”和“geoengineering”的特點，這樣既保留了原文信息，也增強了中文表達的準(zhǔn)確性和流暢性。（3）Theproblemis,whileseveraltoolsseemtobegaininggroundincomputermodels,laboratories,andevenreal-worldexperiments,publicdiscussionhasnotkeptpacewiththeiradvancement.Todate,therehasbeentoolittletransparencyandinternationaldialoguearoundtheprogress,feasibility,risksandbenefitsoftheseefforts.Climateengineeringandcurrentmitigationandadaptationeffortsarenotmutuallyexclusive.Expertsgenerallyagreethatthesenewtechnologicalapproachesaloneareunlikelytoprovideadequateprotectionfromthedangersposedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.但問題在于，雖然一些新的技術(shù)方法在計算機模型、實驗室甚至現(xiàn)實實驗中越來越受歡迎，但公共話語并沒有跟上它們發(fā)展的步伐。迄今為止，關(guān)于這些工作進展、可行性、風(fēng)險和利益的透明度和國際對話太少。氣候工程與緩解和適應(yīng)氣候變化工作兩者并不相互排斥。專家普遍認為，面對全球氣溫上升造成的危害，僅這些這些新技術(shù)手段并不能提供足夠的保護。[分析]gainground有進展；越來越為人們所接受。Todate迄今為止。transparency透明度。mutuallyexclusive相互排斥。（4）In1965,theScienceAdvisoryCommitteeraisedconcernsaboutmanmadeclimatechangeandwarnedthat“manisunwittinglyconductingavastgeophysicalexperiment.”Morethan50yearslater,thefieldofclimateengineeringremainslargelyunknown,especiallytopolicymakersandthepublic.1965年，科學(xué)顧問委員會表達了對于人類活動造成氣候變的擔(dān)憂，并警告稱“不知不覺中之中，人類正在進行一場大規(guī)模的地球物理實驗”。50多年后，氣候工程領(lǐng)域在很大程度上仍然屬于未知領(lǐng)域，對政策制定者和公眾而言尤為如此。[分析]ScienceAdvisoryCommittee科學(xué)顧問委員會。manmadeclimatechange人為引起的氣候變化。（5）Therearerealriskstousingorrejectingclimateengineering.Whileitistemptingtobefororagainstclimateengineering,whatdecisionmakersneedtodonowistogatherscientificfactsandaskasmanyquestionsaspossibleaboutwhatthedeploymentofthesetechnologiesmightmeanforindividuals,societies,nationsandregions.不管是應(yīng)用還是抵制氣候工程，都確實存在風(fēng)險。盡管要反對或支持氣候工程都十分容易，但現(xiàn)在決策者現(xiàn)需要做的是收集科學(xué)事實，并就部署這些技術(shù)對個人、社會、國家和地區(qū)的潛在影響提出盡可能多的問題。[分析]通過“不管是應(yīng)用還是抵制”構(gòu)建正反對比，強調(diào)無論何種態(tài)度都有風(fēng)險。deploymentofthesetechnologies這些技術(shù)的部署。[問答題]3.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.PassageOne琴心和小核桃是兩個出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在臥龍國家級自然保護區(qū)（NationalNatureReserve）進行了兩年的野化培訓(xùn)后，2018年12月27日，它們在龍溪-虹口國家級自然保護區(qū)被放歸。當(dāng)時兩只熊貓接受了體檢，它們的生長發(fā)育和各項生理指標(biāo)均正常。兩只大熊貓放歸后，科研人員組成的監(jiān)測小組立即著手對它們進行跟蹤監(jiān)測。無線電監(jiān)測、GPS數(shù)據(jù)下載及分析、大熊貓糞便樣品采集、生存環(huán)境調(diào)查、紅外相機監(jiān)測等多種設(shè)備和手段的應(yīng)用，讓監(jiān)測隊員可以隨時掌握兩只熊貓的動向。通過收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，開展野外研究，監(jiān)測人員希望了解兩個小家伙能否逐步適應(yīng)新的野外環(huán)境，融入野生大熊貓種群。“我們保護區(qū)位于大熊貓分布區(qū)的中段，其顯著特點是直接聯(lián)系著岷山山系和邛山頂最大的大熊貓野生種群棲息地?！北Ｗo區(qū)虹口站站長劉波表示：“這里是野生大熊貓生存、繁衍以及圈養(yǎng)（captive-bred）大熊貓放歸的天然走廊?！闭_答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】QinxinandXiaohetaoaretwoadorablefemalebabypandasbornin2016.HavingbeentrainedintheirabilitytoliveinthewildinWolongNationalNatureReservefortwoyears,theywerereleasedintoLongxi-HongkouNationalNatureReserveafterphysicalexaminationsshowedtheirgrowthandphysicalindicatorsallfellwithinnormalranges.Aftertheyweresetfreeintothewild,amonitoringteamofresearchesimmediatelystartedtotrackthetracesofthesetwopandasusingawiderangeoftechnologicaldevicesandmeans.Theseincluderadiomonitoringdevices,GPSdataanalysis,fecalsamplecollection,livingenvironmentinvestigation,andinfraredcameras.Suchmonitoringwouldenabletheteamtoknowhowwheretheyaremovinginthewideatanytime.Bycollectingrelevantdataandconductingfieldresearch,membersofthemonitoringteamhopetoseewhetherthetwolittlecreaturescangraduallyadapttothenewwildenvironmentandintegrateintothewildpandacommunity.“Ourreserveislocatedinthemiddleofthisnaturalpandahaven,thusdirectlyconnectingtheMinshanMountainsandQionglaiMountains,twolargesthabitatsofwildpandasintheregion,”accordingtoLiuBo,headofHongkouStationofthereserve.”“Thisisaplaceforwildpandastosurviveandreproduce,aswellasanaturalcorridorforcaptive-bredpandastobereleasedintothewild.”解析（1）琴心和小核桃是兩個出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在臥龍國家級自然保護區(qū)（NationalNatureReserve）進行了兩年的野化培訓(xùn)后，2018年12月27日，它們在龍溪-虹口國家級自然保護區(qū)被放歸。當(dāng)時兩只熊貓接受了體檢，它們的生長發(fā)育和各項生理指標(biāo)均正常。QinxinandXiaohetaoaretwoadorablefemalebabypandasbornin2016.HavingbeentrainedintheirabilitytoliveinthewildinWolongNationalNatureReservefortwoyears,theywerereleasedintoLongxi-HongkouNationalNatureReserveafterphysicalexaminationsshowedtheirgrowthandphysicalindicatorsallfellwithinnormalranges.[分析]使用了“Havingbeentrained...”的現(xiàn)在分詞完成式作為狀語，描述了兩只熊貓在放歸前接受野化培訓(xùn)的背景，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，信息連貫。“它們的生長發(fā)育和各項生理指標(biāo)均正?！北惶幚頌椤皌heirgrowthandphysicalindicatorsallfellwithinnormalranges”，通過“fallwithin”表達“符合”或“在...范圍內(nèi)”的意思?！耙盎嘤?xùn)”譯為“trainedintheirabilitytoliveinthewild”?！绑w檢”譯為“physicalexaminations”。“生理指標(biāo)”譯為“physicalindicators”。（2）兩只大熊貓放歸后，科研人員組成的監(jiān)測小組立即著手對它們進行跟蹤監(jiān)測。無線電監(jiān)測、GPS數(shù)據(jù)下載及分析、大熊貓糞便樣品采集、生存環(huán)境調(diào)查、紅外相機監(jiān)測等多種設(shè)備和手段的應(yīng)用，讓監(jiān)測隊員可以隨時掌握兩只熊貓的動向。Aftertheyweresetfreeintothewild,amonitoringteamofresearchesimmediatelystartedtotrackthetracesofthesetwopandasusingawiderangeoftechnologicaldevicesandmeans.Theseincluderadiomonitoringdevices,GPSdataanalysis,fecalsamplecollection,livingenvironmentinvestigation,andinfraredcameras.Suchmonitoringwouldenabletheteamtoknowhowwheretheyaremovinginthewideatanytime.[分析]使用了“Aftertheyweresetfreeintothewild,amonitoringteamofresearchesimmediatelystartedto...”的句式，清晰地表達了時間順序和因果關(guān)系。列舉了多種監(jiān)測手段，通過并列結(jié)構(gòu)“Theseinclude...”使句子條理清晰，信息豐富?！氨O(jiān)測小組”譯為“monitoringteam”?！盁o線電監(jiān)測”譯為“radiomonitoringdevices”?！凹S便樣品采集”譯為“fecalsamplecollection”。（3）通過收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，開展野外研究，監(jiān)測人員希望了解兩個小家伙能否逐步適應(yīng)新的野外環(huán)境，融入野生大熊貓種群。Bycollectingrelevantdataandconductingfieldresearch,membersofthemonitoringteamhopetoseewhetherthetwolittlecreaturescangraduallyadapttothenewwildenvironmentandintegrateintothewildpandacommunity.[分析]“野外研究”譯為“fieldresearch”。“融入”譯為“integrateinto”。“野生大熊貓種群”譯為“wildpandacommunity”。（4）“我們保護區(qū)位于大熊貓分布區(qū)的中段，其顯著特點是直接聯(lián)系著岷山山系和邛山頂最大的大熊貓野生種群棲息地?！北Ｗo區(qū)虹口站站長劉波表示：“這里是野生大熊貓生存、繁衍以及圈養(yǎng)（captive-bred）大熊貓放歸的天然走廊。”“Ourreserveislocatedinthemiddleofthisnaturalpandahaven,thusdirectlyconnectingtheMinshanMountainsandQionglaiMountains,twolargesthabitatsofwildpandasintheregion,”accordingtoLiuBo,headofHongkouStationofthereserve.”“Thisisaplaceforwildpandastosurviveandreproduce,aswellasanaturalcorridorforcaptive-bredpandastobereleasedintothewild.”[分析]“天然走廊”譯為“naturalcorridor”?！叭︷B(yǎng)大熊貓”譯為“captive-bredpandas”?！皸⒌亍弊g為“habitat”。[問答題]4.PassageTwo污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)是全面建成小康社會決勝階段的三大攻堅戰(zhàn)之一。目標(biāo)是到2020年生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huán)境風(fēng)險得到有效管控。生態(tài)環(huán)境問題本質(zhì)上是高資源消耗、高污染排放的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式造成的。所以我們必須提高資源開發(fā)利用效率，減少資源消耗，并將生態(tài)文明（ecologicalconservation）的要求融入到經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中，加快形成節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式。我們要加快建立健全五大生態(tài)文明體系，即生態(tài)文化體系、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟體系、目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系、生態(tài)文明制度體系和生態(tài)安全體系等。這些體系的建立有助于我們從根本上解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。我們要樹立良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境是最大的民生福祉這一基本民生觀。堅持生態(tài)為民，重點解決損害群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問題，從打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、城市污水治理，還自然以寧靜、和諧、美麗，不斷滿足人民日益增長的對美好環(huán)境的要求。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Thebattleagainstpollutionisoneofthreecriticalbattlesinthedecisivephasetofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.Thegoalistoensureanoverallimprovementinthequalityoftheenvironment,agreatreductioninthereleaseofmajorpollutants,andeffectivecontrolofriskstotheenvironmentby2020.Problemsoftheecologicalenvironmentstemfromaneconomicdevelopmentpatterncharacterizedbyhighresourceconsumptionandsignificantpollutionemissions.Therefore,wemustimprovetheefficiencyinresourceexploitationandutilizationandcutdownontheirconsumptionasweintegratetherequirementofecologicalconservationintothedevelopmentoftheeconomyinordertoacceleratetheformationofindustrialstructures,productionmodes,waysofworkandlifethathelptoconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Weshallquickenthebuildingof5majorsystemsofecologicalconservation,i.e.,ecologicalculturalsystem,ecologicaleconomicsystem,target-orientedresponsibilitysystem,systemofecologicalconservationinstitutions,andecologicalsafetysystem,whichhelpsustoeffectapermanentcureforecologicalandenvironmentalproblems.Wemustfosterthebasicviewthatasoundeco-environmentisthegreatestwell-beingofthepeople.Inlinewiththisview,wemustfocusonsolvingsalientenvironmentalproblemsthataredetrimentaltopeople’shealth.Oureffortsrangefromtheprotectionofourbluesky,preventionandcontrolofwaterandsoilpollution,treatmentofrurallivingenvironment,andmanagementofurbansewage,tobringpeace,harmony,andbeautybacktotheenvironment.Theseinitiativesaimtorestoretranquility,harmony,andbeautytonature,fulfillingthepeople’sgrowingaspirationsforabetterenvironment.解析（1）污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)是全面建成小康社會決勝階段的三大攻堅戰(zhàn)之一。目標(biāo)是到2020年生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huán)境風(fēng)險得到有效管控。Thebattleagainstpollutionisoneofthreecriticalbattlesinthedecisivephasetofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.Thegoalistoensureanoverallimprovementinthequalityoftheenvironment,agreatreductioninthereleaseofmajorpollutants,andeffectivecontrolofriskstotheenvironmentby2020.[分析]“污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)”譯為“thebattleagainstpollution”?！叭娼ǔ尚】瞪鐣弊g為“amod