語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

虛擬語(yǔ)

氣subjunctivemood?用來(lái)表

示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，

而不

表

示客

觀存

在

的事實(shí)。?虛

擬語(yǔ)氣

通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特

殊形式來(lái)表

示

。

考點(diǎn)

?IfI

were

you,

I

wouldgo

tolook

forhim.什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？1.與if相關(guān)2.與愿望、

建議、

要求、

命令等相關(guān)

3.“要是

……就好了/好像”4.其他形式考點(diǎn)

：

動(dòng)詞的特

殊形式虛擬語(yǔ)氣if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1.

與

if相關(guān)代替if省略if主句謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+do主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+have

done主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+do從句謂語(yǔ)If+主語(yǔ)+didIf+主語(yǔ)+had

doneIf+主語(yǔ)+didIf+主語(yǔ)+were

to+doIf+主語(yǔ)+should+do與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反?if

引導(dǎo)的

條

件

狀語(yǔ)從句（非

真

實(shí)

）could（能夠

，

可以）

should（應(yīng)該）might（可能）would（會(huì)

，將會(huì)）?【例1】

IfI

were

a

bird,

I

would

fly

inthe

sky.?Ifyouwere

apanda,

everybody

would

love

you.?Ifwe

(是)

billionaires,

we_____________(買)anything

we

like

now.從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+did（be動(dòng)詞用were）主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+do從句謂語(yǔ)

主句謂語(yǔ)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

If+主語(yǔ)+haddone主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+

havedone?【例

2】

IfIhadgotupearly,

I

wouldn’t

have

been

late.?Ifhehad

had

hernumber,

he

would

have

called

her.?【例

3】

If

the

students

should

study

hardnextsemester,theywouldgetabetter

grade.?

If

youshouldget/got/weretoget

afullscoretomorrow,Iwouldgive

youabilliondollars.主句謂語(yǔ)If+主語(yǔ)+did主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would

+do與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+should+doIf+主語(yǔ)+wereto

+do從句謂語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)

主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+

主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+

主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+

If+主語(yǔ)+

主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+

If+主語(yǔ)+

即時(shí)回

顧if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1.

與

if相關(guān)代替if省略if主句謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+do主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would+

havedone主語(yǔ)+could/should/might/would

+do?

你當(dāng)初要是聽(tīng)我的，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)失業(yè)了。Ifyouhadlistened

tomebefore,you

would

not

lose

your

job

now.?【例】

Ifwehadstarted

earlier,

we

would

catchthe

firsttrain.從句謂語(yǔ)If+主語(yǔ)+didIf+主語(yǔ)+haddoneIf+主語(yǔ)+should+do

If+主語(yǔ)+didIf+主語(yǔ)+wereto

+do與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反?錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1.

與

if相關(guān)代替if省略ifIf

youhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.→Had

you

come

earlier,you

would

have

met

him.If

it

weren't

for

the

rain,I

would

be

going

hiking

now.→________________________________________如果條件從句中包含有had,

were,

should

，有時(shí)可把if省略掉，

把had,

were,

should放在主語(yǔ)前

，

變成倒裝句式?！耙路睕](méi)了

，

還得我說(shuō)。省

略ifif引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1.

與

if相關(guān)代替if省略if不同的情況主句謂語(yǔ)對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬should

/would

/

could

/

might

+

have

done對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬should

/would

/

could

/

might

+

do對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬should

/would

/

could

/

might

+

do【例1】

But

for

your

help,

I

could

not

sit

here

and

prepare

for

my

mid-term

examination.【例2】

Without

your

help,

I

would

have

failed

the

exam

last

week.介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)without/but

for等

+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替if條件句表示的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。代替if:(含蓄條件句)?2.

與愿望

、建議、要

求

、命令等相關(guān)表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句(should)doask,require,request,demand,pray,insist,desire,

maintain,propose,

suggest,

move,

urge,

advise,recommend,command,order,

arrange,

decide...1堅(jiān)持（要求

）

insist2命令

command,

order,3建議

advise,

suggest,

propose4要求

demand,

ask,

desire,

urge外加推薦和決定

recommend

和

decide?She

demanded

(that)the

paper(should)be

rewritten.?He

insisted

(that)

the

meeting

(should)be

put

off.?

Theyproposed

(that)alltheplans(should)

bediscussed

atthe

meeting.?在一些表示建議、愿望、要求、請(qǐng)求、勸告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、決定等的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中

，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

(should)do

1.suggest,require,

order...

+賓

從注意：

suggest,

insist還可意為“暗示、表明”“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”

，此時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。【例1】

The

evidence

suggests

that

single

fathers

are

more

likely

to

work

than

single

mothers.

【例2】

He

insisted

that

she

was

seriously

ill

.形容詞

：advisable,desirable,

preferable,

better,

incredible

essential,

important,

necessary,

urgentpossible,

probable,naturalstrange分詞：建議

proposed,suggested,advised,

recommended請(qǐng)求demanded,

required,

requested愿望

desired命令ordered,commanded也可以是名詞：

it

is

a

pity,

it

is

awonder,it

is

a

shame（

should可譯

為

“竟然”）在

It

is

+表示要求

、建議

、必要

、命令等意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(should)do1.

It's

necessary

that

we

(should)start

to

do

the

work

right

away.2.It'surgent

thatwe

(should)send

for

a

doctor

at

once.3.Itis

a

pity

thatshe(should)

call

black

white.4.

Itisrequested

thatstudents(should)returnthebooksto

the

library

before

they

are

overdue.advice,decision,

idea,order,plan,

proposal（提議）

,

recommendation（提議建議）

,

suggestion,

opinion,

requirement（要求需求）

,direction（管理指導(dǎo)）

,policy（政策

方針）在一些表示愿望

、建議

、要求

、命令等意義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要1.Myopinionisthatwe(should)stay

at

home

and

study

during

this

specialperiod.2.Hemadethe

requestthattheproblem(should)

besettled

at

once.3.

(should)do用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同情況謂語(yǔ)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had

done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(be動(dòng)詞用were)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/could

+do1.wish+賓語(yǔ)從句：“多希望...；要是...就好了”2.ifonly表示愿望：“要是...就好了”3.asif

或

asthough+從句：“仿佛

，好像”

Iwishyouhadcome

to

my

birthdayparty

yesterday.

Ifonly

Iwould

be

there.

Hespeaksas

ifhewerethe

manager.（三

）

表

示

“要是...就好了

/好像

”1.wouldrather/hadrather/wouldsooner/would

justassoon/wouldprefer+賓

語(yǔ)從句2.lt’s(high/about)time

+

從句3.lest/forfear(that)/incase引

導(dǎo)

的狀語(yǔ)從句4.had+expected/hoped/supposed,etc.引

導(dǎo)

的賓

語(yǔ)從句

（四

）

虛

擬語(yǔ)氣的其他形式從句謂語(yǔ)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had

done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did（

be動(dòng)詞一般用were）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反【例1】

I’d