八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

2014最新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納2014年新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1.what’sthematter?一(重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納1.foot---feet腳<復(fù)>tooth---teeth牙齒<復(fù)>2.haveacold感冒3.haveastomachache胃疼4.haveasoreback背疼5.haveasorethroat喉嚨疼6.haveafever發(fā)燒7.liedownand(havea)rest躺下休息havearest休息8.hotteawithhoney加蜜的熱茶9.seeadentist看牙醫(yī)seeadoctor看醫(yī)生10.drinklotsofwater多喝水11.lotsof,alotof,alotalotof=lotsof，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。:Therearelotsof(alotof)booksinourlibrary.Thereisalotofwateronthegroundalot,是一個(gè)副詞詞組，跟動(dòng)詞連用;表示十分，很等意思;Thanksalot.12.haveatoothache牙疼13.That’sagoodidea好主意14.gotobed去睡覺(jué)gotobedearly早上床睡覺(jué)15.feelwell感到好feelill感到不舒服Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell我感覺(jué)不舒服.16.startdoing/todosth開(kāi)始做某事TODO是一件事情完成了，開(kāi)始做另外一件事情DOING是原來(lái)的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開(kāi)始做了，是同一件事情。17.twodaysago兩天前18.getsomerest多休息,休息一會(huì)兒19.Ithinkso我認(rèn)為是這樣20.bethirsty口渴21.behungry饑餓22.bestressedout緊張23.listentomusic聽(tīng)音樂(lè)24.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式25.traditionalChinesedoctors傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26.needtodosth需要做某事Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙醫(yī).Weneedtokeepourclassroomclean.我們需要保持教室的干凈.27.abalanceofyinandyang陰陽(yáng)平衡28.forexample例如29.toomuchyin太多的陰,陰氣太盛toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞太多的…muchtoo+形/副實(shí)在太…極其，非常toomany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)太多的…30.begoodforsth./doingsth.對(duì)什么有益，對(duì)什么有好處bebadforsth./doingsth.對(duì)什么有害begoodto對(duì)…好begoodat=dowellin在……方面好，擅長(zhǎng)begood(bad)for、begoodat的相關(guān)用法1.begoodfor對(duì)......有益Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。2.begoodat擅長(zhǎng)于......LiPingisgoodatbasketball.李平擅長(zhǎng)于籃球。=LiPingisgoodatplayingbasketball.李平擅長(zhǎng)于打籃球。begoodat=dowellin如:I’mgoodatmath.=Idowellinmath.我擅長(zhǎng)于數(shù)學(xué)。3.begoodto對(duì)......好Parentsarealwaysgoodtotheirchildren.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。31.getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)beangrywithsb生某人的氣32.angry用法Iwasangrywithhimforkeepingmewaiting.我對(duì)他很生氣，因?yàn)樗屛业攘撕镁谩eangryat/aboutsth就某事生氣33.Chinesemedicine中藥34.bepopularin+someplace在某地很流行Chinesemedicineisnowpopularinmanywesterncountries.現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國(guó)家受歡迎。35.inwesterncountries在西方國(guó)家36.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。37.balanceddiet平衡飲食38.gettired感到疲倦be/gettired39.gooutatnight在晚上出去Whenyouaretired,youshouldn’tgooutatnight.疲倦時(shí)，晚上你不該外出40.stayhealthy保持健康=keephealthy=keepingoodhealth41.atthemoment此時(shí)，此刻=nowI’mnotfeelingverywellatthemoment42.enjoysth.=likesth.(名詞)喜歡某物,enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事=likedongsthenjoyoneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself反身代詞)玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快=haveagoodtime=haveawonderfultime=havefun43.conversationpractice會(huì)話(huà)練習(xí)44.hostfamily寄宿家庭45.havealotofheadaches經(jīng)常疼痛I’mtiredandIhavealotofheadaches.我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。46.afew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)少許…alittle+不可數(shù)名詞/形/副一點(diǎn)…47.Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.48.givesbsomeadvice給某人建議giveadvice提出建議advice是不可數(shù)名詞apieceofadvice一則建議takeone’sadvice采納或聽(tīng)從某人的建議Hegavemesomegoodadvice.他向我提了一些很好的意見(jiàn)。49.sleep8hoursanight每晚睡眠八小時(shí)50.takemedicine吃藥服藥Ihavetotakemedicinethreetimesadayformycold.因?yàn)楦忻埃也坏貌灰惶斐匀嗡?。二固定結(jié)構(gòu)It’s+形+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是…的。simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’It’simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡飲食對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。It’seasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是容易的三(重點(diǎn)句子1.What’sthematter?What’sthematerwithyou?你怎么啦,=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?Ihaveacold/haveasoreback/haveastomachache2.That’stoobad.Youshould/shouldn’t…那太糟糕了.你應(yīng)該/不該…Youshouldliedownandrest/drinkhotteawithhoney/seeadentist/seeadoctor.Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.3.I’mnotfellingwell.這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell我感覺(jué)不舒服.4.Whendiditstart?Abouttwodaysago.什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的,大約兩天前5.Ihopeyoufellbettersoon.我希望你很快好起來(lái)這里better是well的比較級(jí)6.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要陰陽(yáng)調(diào)和以保持身體健康。這里tobehealthy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作目的狀語(yǔ)7.Youshouldeathotyangfoods,likebeef.你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類(lèi)的陽(yáng)性食物。8.EatingDangshenandHuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對(duì)這有好處。9.Peoplewhoaretoostressedoutandangrymayhavetoomuchyang.太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽(yáng)性食物。toomuch后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而toomany后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.有一個(gè)健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。?It’seasytodosth.做某事容易/It’simportanttodosth.做某事重要11.Youshouldrestforafewnights.你應(yīng)該休息幾個(gè)晚上12.Istudylateeverynight,sometimesuntil2am,butIdon’tthinkI’mimproving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時(shí)到凌晨2點(diǎn)鐘，但我認(rèn)為我沒(méi)有提高。13believein信任某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)，believesb.相信某人的話(huà)Ibelievehim,butIcan’tbelieveinhim.他的話(huà)是真的，但是我不信任他這個(gè)人。14.Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.“需要”，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，否定式為don’t?need意思為/doesn’t/didn’tneed(todosth.);作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，否定式為needn’t(dosth.)，除有過(guò)去式外，沒(méi)有其它的形態(tài)變化四(知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法?should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該......"。should(應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該)用于所有人稱(chēng)，表示勸告或建議。eg.Youshouldwaitalittlemore.你應(yīng)該再多等一會(huì)兒。---Ihaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厲害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。2maybe與maybe?1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如:Maybehecananswerthequestion.也許他能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。2.maybe中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如:HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我們的英語(yǔ)老師3toomany,toomuch與muchtoo?。1.toomany意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如:Therearetoomanystudentsinourclass.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.toomuch意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:Wehavetoomuchworktodo.我們有太多的工作要做3.muchtoo表示“太”，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。如:Theboxismuchtooheavy,soIcan’tcarryit.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。4few、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系:?1.few/afew用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有;afew表示有肯定意思，有幾個(gè)。例如:Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。2.little/alittle用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有。alittle表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。例如:Thereislittleinkinmybottle,canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎,5not…until直到…(否定句)才，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞?Shedidn’tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup.=Hedidn’……until/till直到???(肯定句)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Westayedheretill/until12o’clock.Unit2I’llhelpcleanthecityparks.一(知識(shí)點(diǎn):短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種:1.動(dòng)詞+副詞如:giveup放棄turnoff關(guān)掉stayup熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語(yǔ)是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。2.動(dòng)詞+介詞如:listenof聽(tīng)lookat看belongto屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語(yǔ)。3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞如:comeupwith提出，想出runoutof用完，耗盡4.動(dòng)詞+名詞(介詞)如:takepartin參加catchholdof抓住1.cheer(sb.)up使(某人)高興、振作如:cheermeup使我高興cleanup打掃clean-upn.打掃2.homelessadj.無(wú)家可歸的ahomelessboy一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男孩homen.家4.sickadj.生病的作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)illadj.生病的作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)5.volunteertodov.志愿效勞、主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)volunteern.志愿者6.comeupwith提出想出===thinkup想出catchupwith趕上追上7.putoffdoing推遲做某事puton穿上(指過(guò)程)putup張貼8.writedown寫(xiě)下記下9.callup打電話(huà)makeatelephonecall打電話(huà)10.setup成立建立Thenewhospitalwassetupin2000.這座醫(yī)院是在2000年成立的。11.each每個(gè)各自的強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況常與of連用every每個(gè)每一個(gè)的一切的則有“全體”的意思不能與of連用12.put…touse把…投入使用，利用Theyputthenewmachinetouse.他們把新機(jī)器投入使用13.helpsb.(to)do幫助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo幫助做某事helpstudy14.plantodo計(jì)劃做某事plan+從句IplantogotoBeijing.===Iplan(that)IwillgotoBeijing.我計(jì)劃去北京。15.spend…doing花費(fèi)…做…IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。spend…onsth.花費(fèi)…在…Ispent3yearsonEnglish.16.notonly…but(also)…不但…而且…用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分(1)引導(dǎo)以notonly…but(also)…開(kāi)頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。NotonlydoIfeelgoodbut(also)….是倒裝句。也是說(shuō)得要因此?把前面的句子中的助動(dòng)詞或者是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的前面。如:?NotonlycanIdoitbut(also)Icandobest.我不僅能做到而且做得最好。?Notonly…but(also)…接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨后面的主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化也就是就近原則如:?NotonlyLilybut(also)youlikecat.不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。?Notonlyyoubut(also)Lilylikescat.不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。常見(jiàn)的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有:?Neither…nor…即不…也不…(兩者都不)NeitheryounorIlikehim.我和你都不喜歡他。?Either…or…不是…就是…(兩者中的一個(gè))EitherLilyoryouareastudent.?Notonly…but(also)…?Therebe17.join參加(指參加團(tuán)體、組織)如:jointheParty入黨takepartin參加(指參加活動(dòng))如:takepartinsportsmeeting參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)18.runout與runoutof?runout(becomeusedup).其主語(yǔ)往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢(qián)，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義。Hismoneysoonranout.他的錢(qián)很快就花光了。Mypatiencehascompletelyrunout.我沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)耐心了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。?runoutof主語(yǔ)為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒(méi)有到就把錢(qián)花完了。兩者在一定條件下可以互換如:Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.我們快把汽油用完了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime19.takeafter(在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像besimilarto與..相像takeafter相像lookafter照顧takecareof照顧20.workoutv.+adj.?結(jié)局，結(jié)果為T(mén)hestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很算出，制訂出，消耗完(精力等)好。?Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。21.hangout閑蕩閑逛Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購(gòu)物中心閑蕩。22.beabletodo能會(huì)beunabletodo不能不會(huì)如:23.thankyoufordoing謝謝做某事thankyouforhelpingme謝謝做幫助我24.forsure確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)Youdon’thavemoney.That’sforsure.你沒(méi)有錢(qián)，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。25.fill…with…使…充滿(mǎn)…用…填充…Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填滿(mǎn)碗。26.likeprep.像…27.helpsb.out幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。28.trainn.火車(chē)trainv.訓(xùn)練trainsb.todo.訓(xùn)練某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。29.atonce==rightaway立刻馬上如:Doitatonce.馬上去做。I’llgothereatonce/rightaway.我馬上去那里。30.oneday有一天(指將來(lái)/過(guò)去)someday有一天(指將來(lái))如:OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayI’llgotoBeijing.有一天我將去北京。31.speciallyadv.特意地專(zhuān)門(mén)地特別地specialadj.特別的32.donationn.捐贈(zèng)物donatev.捐贈(zèng)贈(zèng)送33.partofspeech詞性詞類(lèi)34.disabledadj.肢體有殘疾的disablev.不能35.handout分發(fā)handoutbananasgiveout分發(fā)giveoutsthtosb.分….給某人giveupdoing放棄…giveupsmoking放棄吸煙giveaway贈(zèng)送捐贈(zèng)giveawaysth.to….giveawaymoneytokidsgivesb.sth.給某人某東西givememoney給我錢(qián)givesth.tosb.給某人某東西givemoneytome給我線36.volunteer?可數(shù)名詞“志愿者”?adj.自愿的vi.volunteertodosthTheyaretheChinesePeople’sVolunteers.他們是中國(guó)人民志愿軍。Ivolunteertohelpyou.我自愿幫助你。37.nolonger=not…anylonger指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。nomore=not…anymore指動(dòng)作上不再延續(xù)。二(短語(yǔ)1.cleanup清掃2.giveout分發(fā)，發(fā)放3.cheerup=make…h(huán)appier使...高興，使...振作4.afterschoolstudyprogram課外學(xué)習(xí)班5.comeupwith=thinkup提出，想出6.putoff推遲7.writedown寫(xiě)下，記下8.putup張貼9.handout分發(fā)，發(fā)放10.callup打電話(huà)11.serup=establish建立12.behometosb是某人的家園13.volunteerone’stimetodosth自愿花時(shí)間干...14.put…touse…把...投入使用15.elementaryschool小學(xué)16.plantodosth計(jì)劃干...打算干17.coachafootballteamforkids訓(xùn)練少年足球隊(duì)18.startaChineseHistoryclub開(kāi)辦一個(gè)中國(guó)史俱樂(lè)部19.runoutof用完，耗盡20.takeafter在性格或長(zhǎng)相方面與父母相象21.fixup修理22.giveaway捐贈(zèng)23.besimilarto與...相似24.askfor索要25.acall-incenterforparents家長(zhǎng)熱線26.hangout閑蕩27.putupsignsaskingforsingingjobs張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告28.runoutofmoneyforsinginglessons學(xué)唱歌的錢(qián)用完了29.disabledpeople殘疾人30.forsure確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)31.fill…with...用...填充...befullof裝滿(mǎn)了...32.help...out幫助...做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)33.aspeciallytraineddog一只經(jīng)過(guò)特殊訓(xùn)練的狗34.trainsbtodosth訓(xùn)練某人干...35.fetchmybook把我的書(shū)拿來(lái)36.partofspeech詞性三(句子1(Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.Clean-upDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.我們不能推遲制訂計(jì)劃，清潔日離現(xiàn)在只有兩周了。2(Sheputsthislovetogoodusebyworkingintheafter-schoolcarecentreatherlocalelementaryschool.她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰W(xué)的課后輔導(dǎo)中心工作，使這個(gè)愛(ài)好得到較好的利用bouthelpingotherpeople,butIgettospendtimedoing3(NotonlydoIfeelgoodawhatIlovetodo.幫助別人不但自己感到快樂(lè)，而且我開(kāi)始花時(shí)間做自己喜歡做的事了。4(Thethreestudentsplantosetupastudentvolunteerprojectatheirschool.這三個(gè)學(xué)生計(jì)劃在他們校開(kāi)展一個(gè)學(xué)生志愿者項(xiàng)目。5.Healsoputupsomesignaskingforoldbikes.他還貼了一些需求舊自行車(chē)的告。6.Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.幾米想出的這個(gè)辦法很效。7(Hedidaradiointerview.他接受了電臺(tái)的采訪。8(Weneedtocomeupwithaplan.我們需要指定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。9(Youcouldhelpcleanupthecityparks.你可以幫助打掃城市公園。10(Henowhassixteenbikestofixupandgiveawaytochildrenwhodon’thavebikes.他現(xiàn)在有16輛要修理的自行車(chē)，并準(zhǔn)備把這些修好的自行車(chē)贈(zèng)送給那些沒(méi)有自行車(chē)的孩子。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?一(重要詞組及短語(yǔ)1.couldyoupleasedosth.?你能……嗎,/請(qǐng)你干……好嗎,2.dothechores做雜務(wù)3.dothedishes洗餐具4.sweepthefloor清掃地板5.takeoutthetrash倒垃圾6.makeone’sbed鋪床7.foldone’sclothes疊衣服8.cleanthelivingroom清掃客廳9.stayoutlate晚歸10.comeover過(guò)來(lái)11.haveatest考試12.getaride搭車(chē)13.useone’scomputer使用某人的電腦14.hatesth./hatetodosth./hatedoingsth.討厭某事/做某事liketodo(doing)sth.15.dothelaundry=dosomewashing=washclothes洗衣服16.makebreakfast/makedinner=dosomecooking做飯17.washthecar刷車(chē)18.workon從事，忙于workat學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在……上下工夫19.borrowsomemoney借一些錢(qián)borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借給某人某物(借出)Youcanborrowsomemoneyfromyourbrother.你可以向你哥哥借些錢(qián)。Canyoulendmeyourbike?你能借給我你的自行車(chē)嗎,20.invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事Theyinvitedmetojointheirclub.他們邀請(qǐng)我參加俱樂(lè)部。invitesbtoaplaceinviteyoutomyparty21.gotothestore去商店22.agreesb.todosth.同意某人做某事agreewithsb.同意某人的意見(jiàn)disagreesb.todosth.不同意某人做某事disagreewithsb.不同意某人的意見(jiàn)23.takecareof=lookafter照顧、照看、照料……照管得好takegoodcareof=lookafter…well把26.takesb.forawalk帶某人去散步27.playwithsb.和某人玩28.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事(做過(guò))(1)do,make短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)dothedishes洗餐具domyhomework做我的家庭作業(yè)dochores做家務(wù)，處理瑣事dothelaundry洗衣dotheshopping購(gòu)物dosomereading讀書(shū)makeyourbed鋪床makebreakfast做早餐makedinner做晚飯maketea泡茶，沏茶makeacupofcoffee沖一杯咖啡(2)關(guān)于to的短語(yǔ)總結(jié):havetodosth.不得不，必須做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.討厭做某事liketodosth.喜歡做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.熱愛(ài)做某事forgettodosth.忘記做某事starttodosth.開(kāi)始做某事begintodosth.開(kāi)始做某事asksbtodosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事二(重點(diǎn)句型1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.2.CouldIpleaseusethecar?Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./No,youcan’t.Ihavetogoout.在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問(wèn)句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語(yǔ)氣，而can則不具備這些語(yǔ)氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過(guò)去式。以上兩句中用could是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了can,could之外，還可以用may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來(lái)表示同一個(gè)概念。例:Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各種各樣:如同意可以說(shuō)Yes，或Sure或Certainly，還可說(shuō)Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或That’sOK/allright.如果不同意，可以說(shuō)I’msorryyoucan’t.或I’mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免說(shuō)No,youcan’t.這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語(yǔ)氣。Unit4.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一.重要詞匯和句型1.get(1)買(mǎi)getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.為某人買(mǎi)某物Canyouwhenyougoshopping?==Canyouwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到,到達(dá)Wheredidyouthebook?Whendidyoutheletter?Hehomelatelastnight.(3)使,讓get+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)使某人\某物怎么樣Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事IJimyesterday.(4)(逐漸)變得…Theweatherwarmeranddayslonger.Whydidtheteacherangry?2.howabout\whatabout后跟名詞\代詞\動(dòng)詞ing形式。(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?jiàn)或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)詢(xún)問(wèn)天氣或身體情況HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)談話(huà)中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytomanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信IlastSunday.==ImyparentslastSunday.==ImyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’toursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtotheinvitation.Hedidn’tagoodeducationatuniversity.Ianinvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoit.4.a6--year–oldchild一個(gè)六歲的孩子old是由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,作前置定語(yǔ),6--year–修飾后面的名詞child.數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式:afive-year-oldgirl一個(gè)五歲的女孩asix-foot-deephole一個(gè)六英尺深的洞atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子a100-meterrace一場(chǎng)百米賽跑aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典5.too…to…太……而不能…….句子的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)too后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to后跟動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成不定式詞不定的主語(yǔ)不一時(shí),可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)forsb.Heisyoungjointhearmy(軍隊(duì)).Themathsproblemisdifficultformeworkout.表示否定意義的never\not和too…to…連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.Oneisneveroldlearn.too…to…可以與enoughto和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.與enoughto轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),enough前的形容詞,副詞必須是too后面形容詞,副詞的反義詞,并使用其否定句式.Sheistooyoungtodothework.==sheisdothework.與so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),that后面的從句要用否定形式.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.==Tomistiredhewalkanyfarther.6.cost1)動(dòng)詞,花費(fèi)\價(jià)值(多少錢(qián))HowmuchdiditIdidn’tbuyitbecauseittoomuch.Themealusabout100yuan.(2)名詞,成本,費(fèi)用,價(jià)錢(qián).atallcosts不惜任何代價(jià);atthecostof以……為代價(jià).Livingarehigherincitiesthanthatinthecountry.WemuststopitatallAftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaattheoftheirlives.7.pay,spend,cost,take的區(qū)別pay花費(fèi)(多少錢(qián)),主語(yǔ)是人.Sb.somemoneysth.I5000yuanthecomputerlastweek.Spend花費(fèi)(多少錢(qián)或時(shí)間),主語(yǔ)是人sth.Sb.sometimesth.I5000yuanthecomputerlastweek.She2hoursherhomework.cost花費(fèi)(多少錢(qián)),主語(yǔ)是物.Sth.sb.somemoney.Thisjackethim200dollars.take花費(fèi)(時(shí)間),Ittakessth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.sth?花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?IttookIttakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.Itwilltakethem6monthsthebuilding.Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep動(dòng)詞,睡覺(jué),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作.Iamverytired.IwanttoHefor12hoursyesterday.sleeping,Sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“正在睡覺(jué)”Don’tmakesomuchnoise.ThebabyisTheywokeupgirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.sleepy想睡覺(jué)的,困倦的.I’dliketogotobed.asleep睡著了的.himbehindafterschool.WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?Thebabyisfallasleep強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒(méi)有睡著到睡著的過(guò)程,不能接一段時(shí)間Icouldn’tuntilitwasverylatelastnight.Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.beasleep表示睡著后的狀態(tài),“睡著了”,可以接一段時(shí)間.Hewasasleepforthreehours.9.choose動(dòng)詞,“選擇,挑選”,過(guò)去式chose,過(guò)去分詞chosenchoosetodosth.選擇做某事can’tChoosebut只得……pickandchoose挑挑揀揀TherearemanybookstoWemikeasourleader(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)).Willyouhelpmeadictionary?Everyone服從).It’sherhabit(習(xí)慣)towhileshopping.10.present(1)禮物,禮品==giftWhynotgivehimacardasawhatcanIgethimforabirthday(2)目前,現(xiàn)在I’msorryheisoutYouhavetoforgetthepastandstartliving11.open(1)動(dòng)詞,打開(kāi),開(kāi)業(yè),開(kāi)張,展現(xiàn)It’snotrighttootherpeople’sletters.Wouldyoumindthewindow?Thedoortothesouth.Thisfactoryin1998.(2)形容詞,beopen開(kāi)著的,開(kāi)放的InhisdreamtheflowersareallMostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillOnweekendsthethepublic.close動(dòng)詞,關(guān)閉,關(guān)上,合上Pleasethedoortokeepthecoldout.closed形容詞,beclosed關(guān)著的,關(guān)閉的whenwegottotheshopit12.giveaway贈(zèng)送,分發(fā)giveawaysthtosbAuntWangJohngaveawayhisnotebooktome.其它短語(yǔ)giveup放棄giveback歸還giveoff放出,發(fā)出(氣味)givesthtosb==givesb.sth.把某物給某人13.ratherthan而不是……后面跟名詞,代詞,從句Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.Youshouldhelpthemratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.ratherthansth.寧愿……,也不……Shepreferredratherthanwithus.Hepreferredmusicratherthangames.Wouldrathersththansth.寧愿……,也不……Hewouldratherplaythanwork.Iwouldrathertheslowesttrainthantherebyair.14.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.Theboydidn’tsingtothemusic.Instead,hesanghisownway.(2)位于句尾,表示“作為代替,而是”Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.insteadof后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞,介詞短語(yǔ).表示“代替,而不是”Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(電梯).Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.15.enter(1)參加==takepartin\joinMorethanonethousandsportsmenthegames.Mybrotherhopestothearmynextyear.(2)進(jìn)入==comeinto\gointoShetheroomwiththesewords.Didyouseesomeonethehouse?16.encourage動(dòng)詞,鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Parentsshouldthingsbythemselves.OurEnglishteacheradairyinEnglish.17.progress名詞,“進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展”makeprogress“取得進(jìn)步,取得進(jìn)展”Myparentsarepleasedwithmyinlessons.Tomisnowatschool.Theyintheheavysnow.18.suggest動(dòng)詞,建議,提議.后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞和從句shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.hesuggestedgoinghome.whosuggestedyoustayinghere?Isuggestedwe(should)holdameeting.19.takeaninterestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感興趣(做)某事不感興趣否定表達(dá)是takenointerestin(doing)sth.對(duì)DoyouEnglish?Mostchildrencomputergames.Hebasketball.be\becomeinterestedin(doing)sth對(duì)(做)某事感興趣IdeeplySheshewasonly7yearsold.20.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.提到了三種提高英語(yǔ)的好方法.ofimprovingEnglish是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾ways.它相當(dāng)與動(dòng)詞不定式.ThreegoodwaysEnglisharementioned.===ThreegoodwaysEnglisharementioned.Canyoufindawaytheproblem?==Canyoufindawaytheproblem?Fastisanotherwayquick.==Fastisanotherwayquick.Mention(1)動(dòng)詞,“提到,提及,說(shuō)起”asmentionedabove如上所述Heoftenhispasttome.Nobodyanythingtomeaboutit.Didshewhereshewasgoing?Youinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.tolearnEnglishwell.(2)名詞,“提及,說(shuō)起”Thenewspapermadenoofhim.21.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketous?IfinditdifficulttoBen.二.形容詞、副詞一、形容詞(一)形容詞的含義:表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。(二)形容詞的用法及位置:1(作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。Thenicegirlismysister.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.少數(shù)形容只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ):alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。3.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。Helookshappy.4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make,leave,keep等動(dòng)詞連用。YoumustyoureyesDon’tyourhands5.某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類(lèi)人。常見(jiàn)的詞有:good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead。shouldbepolitetoPleasedon’tlaughat6.某些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形):glad,happy,pleasedbesorry,sad,sure,kind+todosth.ready,afraid,ableeasy,difficult(三)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成:1(規(guī)則變化(1)一般情況，直接在詞尾加er\est。(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)，加r\st?！拜o音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er\est。(3)以(4)部分形容詞，先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er\est。big,hot,fat,thin,red,(5)部分形容詞，在前面加more\most。beautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous(6)以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more\most。friendly(友好的),lonely(孤獨(dú)的),lovely(可愛(ài)的)Likely(有希望的),daily(日常的),lively(有生氣的)2.不規(guī)則變化good\well---better---bestmany\much---more---mostbad\ill---worse---worstlittle---less---leastfar---farther(較遠(yuǎn)的)\further(進(jìn)一步的)---farthest(最遠(yuǎn)的)\furthest(最大程度的)old---older(年紀(jì)較大的)\elder(年紀(jì)最大的)---oldest(較年長(zhǎng)的)\eldest(最年長(zhǎng)的)(四)形容詞原級(jí)的用法:1(說(shuō)明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原形。Theflowersinthegardenare2.有表示程度的副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞原形。Theboyistooyoung.3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時(shí)，用形容詞原形。肯定句:A+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原形+as+B。EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.XiaoMingisastallasJim.否定句:A+動(dòng)詞+notas\so+形容詞原形+as+B。Thisbookisnotas\sonewasthatone.IamnotsocarefulasLucy.否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于A+動(dòng)詞+less+形容詞原形+than+B。HethinksChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.4.表示“A是B的幾倍”:A+動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原形+as+B。Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.Thistableistwiceaslongasthatone.5(“A+動(dòng)詞+Half+as+形容詞原形+as+B”表示“A是B的一半”Herroomishalfasbigasyours.(五)、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法:1Lily’sroomisbiggerthanmine.Thismooncakeisnicethanthatone.little,abit,afew,alot,much,even,2(有表示程度的副詞astill,Far,rather,any等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。Ifeelevenworsenow.Itismuchcoldertodaythanbefore.3.表示兩者之間“哪一個(gè)更、、、”Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?Whichsweaterismorebeautiful,theyellowoneorthepinkone?4.表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時(shí)，用“”Iamthreeyearsolderthanyou.5(表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個(gè)”，常用“結(jié)構(gòu)。Maryisthetallerofthetwins.6.表示“越來(lái)越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“”，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore+形容詞原形”It’sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.Ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.7.表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”Theharderheworks,thericherheis.Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.(六)、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法:1(三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞最高級(jí)。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個(gè)in\of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。Heisofthethreeboys.Shanghaiisthebiggestcityinchina.2.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個(gè)最、、、、、、,”用句型:Which\whois+the+最高級(jí),A,B,orC?Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?3.表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一”時(shí)，用句型:主語(yǔ)+is+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.4.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾大/長(zhǎng)/高等”ChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.5.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，此時(shí)不用the。Thisisourlastlesson.Yesterdaywashisbusiestday.6.形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.==LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.==LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.==LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.==NooneisastallasLiLeiinhisclass.==NooneistallerthanLiLeiinhisclass.==LiLeiistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.==LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.(七)、--ing形容詞與--ed形容詞:--ing形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”，表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾或說(shuō)明事物。如:surprising(令人驚訝的),exciting(令人興奮的),interesting(有趣的)等。--ed形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語(yǔ)一般是人:sb.+be+--ed形容詞+介詞短語(yǔ)。如:surprised(感到驚訝的),excited(感到興奮的),Interested(感到有趣的)等。Weareallexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.(八)在同一范圍countryinAsia.(在同一范圍ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.(在不同范圍yesterday,before,ago,soon,Immediately,lately,early,sometimes,often,always,usually,already,Yet,ever,never,seldom。時(shí)間副詞是確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志，需牢記。2(地點(diǎn)副詞:outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,In,back,off,up,anywhere。3(方式副詞:quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast,again。方式副詞大多由“形容詞+y”構(gòu)成。4(程度副詞:very,quite,rather,too,much,so.5(疑問(wèn)副詞:when,where,why,howlong,howsoon,howoften,Howfar.疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。6(關(guān)系副詞:when,wher