浙京津魯瓊專版2025版高考英語大二輪復習專題二閱讀理解第三節(jié)詞句猜測題一詞義猜測題學案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1一、詞義揣測題(2024·全國Ⅰ，B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了小學老師托馬斯·沃利通過組織學生演講來幫助學生增加自信的教學實踐。24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest.D．Answeringaquestion.答案B解析細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和其次段中的“Buthe’snervous.”可知，克里斯在進行競選演說時感到特別驚慌。25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據文章內容可知，老師借助競選演說激勵同學們學會贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時特別驚慌，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics答案A解析推理推斷題。依據倒數(shù)其次段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”和最終一段的內容可知，老師讓學生參與競選演說不僅僅是讓學生們學會在公開場合演說，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)覺自己的特長，從而樹立自信。27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據其次段內容可知，當克里斯·帕萊茲發(fā)表競選演說遇到問題時，老師耳語為他提示。文章最終兩段說明了老師舉辦這項活動的初衷，我們可以推斷這個老師是關切他人的人，因此選C。一、題型解讀詞義揣測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。詞義揣測是一種閱讀技巧和實力，主要考查考生在短時間內依據上下文快速揣測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的實力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到確定的作用。由此看來，對于生詞的理解是否精確，干脆影響著閱讀理解題得分的凹凸，對能否取得好的高考成果有著舉足輕重的作用。詞義揣測題的命題方式有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”．(3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”．(4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto.(5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?(6)Bysaying“...”wemean.(7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義1．依據定義、釋義或同位語進行揣測有些文章，特殊是科技說明文，作者通常會對一些關鍵詞或專業(yè)術語下定義，通過閱讀定義和說明部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時，須要揣測的單詞或短語后面會緊跟一個同位語，作為對前面的詞或短語的說明說明。有時，文章會用冒號、破折號、括號等對某個詞或短語加以說明說明。例如：Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所揣測單詞defibrillator后面出現(xiàn)了同位語“anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork”(一個可以電擊心臟使其重新工作的電子器械)來進行說明說明，我們可推知其詞義應為“(心臟)除顫器”。2．依據構詞法進行揣測英語中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個單詞合成的方式可以構成新詞。因此，駕馭了確定的構詞學問，再結合上下文語境，也可以快速揣測詞義。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：依據構詞法學問我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“擔心；擔憂”之意。3．依據因果關系進行揣測在閱讀理解文章的句子或段落中，若兩個事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構成因果關系，這時我們可以依據這種因果邏輯關系推斷詞或短語的含義。表示因果關系的標記詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?A．Breaking. B．Following.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關系標記詞thus，由前面的緣由“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“他因此認為我兒子斯科拉干擾了課堂”，故選D項。其余三項都不符合這一因果邏輯關系。4．依據同義或近義關系進行揣測在畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，它往往示意了該詞或該短語的含義，這時可從熟識的詞語中推知生詞或短語的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關系進行揣測。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機構，由并列關系可以推斷出contributions應當屬于works的范疇，同時文中明確表示contributions是來自museum的，故選A項。5．依據反義、轉折和對比關系進行揣測有些須要揣測詞義的詞或短語前后會出現(xiàn)表示轉折或對比的詞語，運用這些詞語也可以幫助揣測詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉折、對比關系的詞匯許多，常見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A．Wildandromantic.B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty.D．Activeandexcited.分析：畫線詞語所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個時候騎馬欣賞仍舊令人印象特別深刻?！庇蓆hough可知，前后兩句是轉折關系，再結合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應選B項，sedate意為“不慌不忙的”。6．依據上下文進行揣測有些詞義揣測題找不到以上標記線索，這時可以利用上下文供應的情景和線索進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進而推想詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點。例如：真題感悟的25題。依據文章內容可知，老師借助競選演說激勵同學們學會贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時特別驚慌，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。A(2024·河南試驗中學模擬)However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保熱的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onthesurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailability語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了太陽能發(fā)電的潛在弊端以及影響太陽能收集量的幾個因素。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Inexpensive. B．Dangerous.C．Ineffective. D．Abnormal.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據上文中的“somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的)cells”及畫線詞所在句后的“Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意為“危急的”。故選B。2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.答案C解析細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段其次句“Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太陽能發(fā)電廠的選址可能會對當?shù)貏又参锏臈⒌禺a生長期的影響，也就是會破壞當?shù)刈匀黄胶?。故C項正確。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.答案D解析段落大意題。依據最終一段其次、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太陽能是一種可變的和不規(guī)則的能源，陽光的數(shù)量和強度隨著一天的時間和地點而變更，天氣和氣候條件影響每日和季節(jié)性的陽光供應。由此可知，本段主要介紹的是影響太陽能收集量的幾個因素。故D項正確。B(2024·湖北黃岡中學三模)ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle-agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingseversincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellswhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround，andsincethemanwastheonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“l(fā)et’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremarkable.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報道類閱讀。文章主要講了韓國一位中年男子把小鴨子當“孩子”養(yǎng)，這些小鴨子把他當成“媽媽”，到處跟著他，很自然地聽從他的吩咐。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells.B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings.C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D．Themantookprideinhisducklings.答案C解析細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段第一句可知，我們能從這個視頻中得知，小鴨們很自然地聽從這個人。故選C。5．What’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings?A．Tomakealivingbyperforming.B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention.C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.答案C解析細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段其次句可知，這個男子養(yǎng)小鴨的目的是有一天把它們放歸野外。故選C。6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A．Attack. B．Move.C．End. D．Struggle.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據上文可知，視頻顯示，當這名中年男子爬上首爾郊外的一座山時，鴨子們跟著他，無論他什么時候停下來，它們都不愿跟著任何人，即使給它們發(fā)出和它們的人類母親同樣的“我們走吧”的吩咐。由此可知，畫線句意為“除非它們聽到他的聲音，看到他在動，否則它們不會動。”故“budge”的意思是“移動”。故選B。7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePetsB．AManRaisesDucklingsasHis“Children”C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPetsD．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals答案B解析標題歸納題。第一段其次句“最近在西方世界走紅的一段視頻顯示，這些可愛的小禽跟隨它們的‘媽媽’爬山，聽從他的每一個吩咐?！笔侨牡闹黝}句，結合全文內容可知，這篇文章最好的題目是：一個男人把小鴨子當“孩子”養(yǎng)。故選B。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據句意揣測畫線部分的意思1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichmeanslessemission.消費，消耗2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可獲得的，可得到的3．Fakenewshaslongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.廣泛傳播4．Whenyouanswerthisquestion，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyouridentity.揭示，揭露(二)同義詞語替換5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitudestofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection7．Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas(三)一詞多義8．plantn．植物；工廠，發(fā)電廠v．種植；安插，安放(1)Afterreachingthetopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放(2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物(3)Manyyearsfromnow，otherworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.種植(4)Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofradioactivedustburstoutoftheChernobyl(切爾諾貝利)nuclearpowerplant.n.工廠，發(fā)電廠Ⅱ.長難句理解9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.[句式分析]本句是一個主從復合句，句子的主干為Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，主語是usingsolarenergy；when引導的是時間狀語從句，此時when從句的主語是solarenergy,謂語為replacesorreduces，賓語為theuseofotherenergysources。that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞otherenergysources。[精致譯文]當用太陽能替代或削減對環(huán)境有較大影響的其他能源的應用時，運用太陽能會對環(huán)境產生主動的、間接的影響。10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.[句式分析]本句是一個主從復合句。while引導的是讓步狀語從句，此時while＝although/though；as引導的是緣由狀語從句。[精致譯文]雖然還不清晰這個人做什么工作，但我敢確定他對鴨子很有閱歷，因為他曾出示過他在2005年獲得的“小鴨之父”的證書。強化練(十六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·山西太原五中段考)FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle-agedwomanwithnoathletictalent，traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting.Ineverknowhowtoanswer.MytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyearsagoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀釋劑)fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky.Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompletewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt.Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，Jackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(長雪橇)．Beforethestrokeitwouldhaveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭)screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Then，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback.Intheyearssincethen，I’vetraveledabouttwenty-fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了作者中風病愈后是如何重新起先旅行的。)1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Unique. B．Dangerous.C．Historical. D．Famous.答案B解析詞義揣測題。第一段破折號后的內容是對perilousplace的說明說明，依據句意“例如，泰國或婆羅洲的叢林，那里的水往往擔心全，食物也很危急；有傳染病、毒蛇和野生動物的地方；有些地方的本地人剛剛過了獵頭的時代。”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“危急的”。故選B。2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo?A．Doproperexercise.B．Enjoytherestofherlife.C．Keepawayfromtraveling.D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據其次段最終一句可知，我的醫(yī)生告知我，對我來說任何旅行都是有風險的，因此醫(yī)生建議作者遠離旅行。故選C。3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina?A．Itwasherlastadventure.B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit.C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina.D．Itwasthemostdangerousexperienceinherlife.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據第四段其次句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中國之行是因為她通過這件事復原了志氣。故選B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABusinessTriptoChinaB．UniqueTravelExperiencesC．WhyIStillTraveltotheWildD．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease答案C解析標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講解并描述了作者在中風后是如何克服困難，重新獲得志氣去旅行的。故選C。B(2024·江西師范高校附屬中學三模)Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.語篇解讀這是一篇爭論文。短文列舉了關于意志力的幾種探討和觀點，作者認為有了明確的目標，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習，就可以在面對誘惑時使意志力保持堅決。5．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A．peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理推斷題。依據第三段第四、五句可知，探討人員不信任人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)約的意志力。所以從文章中的探討我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項正確。6．Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”．A．makeuseof B．runoutofC．build D．increase答案A解析詞義揣測題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動機使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我限制實力已經被消耗殆盡，我們仍舊可以接著前進。所以通過上下文的語境，推斷出“tapinto”指“利用”，與makeuseof同義。故A選項正確。7．Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles.A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB．toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC．toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第四段最終兩句的內容“雖然肌肉在短期內會因運動而乏累不堪，但長期而言，它們會通過常常熬煉而增加。同樣，規(guī)律的自我限制可以提高意志力?！笨芍?，兩者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的熬煉和自我限制的好處。所以作者把自我限制比作肌肉是為了說明自我限制的好處。故D選項正確。8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D．“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段最終三句的內容“一個接一個地制定目標是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習慣，你就不再須要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習慣將成為慣例，而且不須要做任何確定?！笨芍?，C項“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設立目標，然后成為好習慣，作者更寵愛這種目標。故C選項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·天津濱海七所重點學校聯(lián)考)Howdidyoudoit，Dad?Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years?Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfearthatthedrinkingwouldbeginagain.“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18-year-oldunaskedquestion.“Thewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybecame19ofmydailyroutineaswell.Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomwithone21foreachdayoftheyear.Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatlistsyourown23.I24openedthebooktoNovember10tosee25wordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.Iwas26whenIlookedatthepage，andthentearsofdisbeliefandappreciation27downmyface.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthathad28myfatherforalltheseyears!ItiscalledTheSerenity(安靜)Prayer.GodgrantmetheserenitytoacceptthethingsIcannotchange；thecouragetochangethethingsIcan；andthewisdomtoknowthedifference.語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者始終對父親勝利戒酒的緣由很新奇，最終作者鼓起志氣問父親才得知，父親是通過一首小詩在激勵他自己戒酒，小詩的意思是“冷靜地接受不能變更的，有志氣變更可以變更的，并有才智地來區(qū)分這兩者。”讓作者感動的是這首小詩恰恰出現(xiàn)在日歷書中作者生日的那一頁上。9．A.chance B．courageC．ability D．right答案B解析chance機會；courage志氣；ability實力；right正確，權利。將近二十年來“我”第一次鼓起志氣(courage)問父親這個極其私人的問題。故正確答案為B。10．A.gaveup B．tookupC．wenton D．carriedon答案A解析giveup放棄；takeup拿起；goon接著；carryon接著，參與。由上下文可知，父親不沾酒快二十年了。起初他戒酒(giveupdrinking)時，全家都坐立擔心，怕他戒酒失敗。故選A。11．A.way B．habitC．situation D．house答案C解析way方式；habit習慣；situation狀況；house房屋。由句意可知，起初父親戒酒時，每次遇到須要喝酒的狀況(situation)，家人都坐立擔心，因為這有可能讓他重新酗酒。故選C。12．A.reciting B．askingC．smoking D．drinking答案D解析recite背誦；ask詢問；smoke吸煙；drink喝酒。由下文可知，家人膽怯 父親戒酒失敗，再次酗酒(drink)。故選D。13．A.sure B．uncertainC．afraid D．eager答案C解析sure確信的；uncertain模糊的；afraid膽怯 的；eager渴望的。從父親戒酒時起，好幾年的時間里，家人都不敢提起他戒酒的事，生怕(afraid)他前功盡棄。故選C。14．A.reply B．wordsC．excuse D．explanation答案A解析reply回答；words話語；excuse借口；explanation說明。父親對“我”十八年來的疑問作出回答(reply)說：“我每天都背誦同一首小詩四五遍。”故選A。15．A.fear B．imaginationC．thought D．reminder答案D解析fear膽怯 ；imagination想象力；thought思想；reminder提示。由句意可知，父親每天背誦的那首小詩，是給他自己的一個提示。故選D。16．A.never B．seldomC．always D．ever答案A解析never從不；seldom很少，幾乎不；always總是；ever曾經。由文章可知，父親戒酒勝利了，這歸功于那首小詩提示他世上無難事(thingswereneversohard)，只怕有心人。故選A。17．A.discussed B．sharedC．offered D．talked答案B解析discuss探討；share共享；offer供應；talk交談。父親說完就和“我”共享(sharewithme)了那首小詩。故選B。18．A.wonderful B．longC．simple D．boring答案C解析wonderful極好的；long長的；simple簡潔的；boring無聊的。由文章最終一段可知，這首小詩是簡潔的(simple)。故選C。19．A.all B．thatC．any D．part答案D解析all全部；that那個；any任何；part部分。這首簡潔而又深刻的詩句，成了我日常生活的一部分(part)。故選D。20．A.talk B．quarrelC．trip D．lesson答案A解析talk談話；quarrel爭吵；trip旅行；lesson課程。由上文可知，父親和“我”進行了一次談話(talk)，談到了他戒酒勝利是因為那首小詩。故選A。21．A.listed B．includedC．read D．said答案A解析list列出；include包含；read閱讀；say說。這是一本格言書。一年365天每個日子都與一句格言相對應，排列(list)在書中。故選A。22．A.method B．experienceC．wealth D．message答案B解析method方法；experience閱歷，經驗；wealth財寶；message消息。由句意可知，有些書依據一年365天的日期依次支配書中的內容，每當拿到這類書時，“我”都依據閱歷(experience)翻到自己生日那天。故選B。23．A.character B．birthdayC．qualities D．favorites答案B解析character性格；birthday生日；quality品質；favorite特殊寵愛的事物。由下文可知，“我”把書翻到了11月10日，看書中為“我”列出的格言。所以“我”翻到的是寫有自己生日的那一頁。故正確答案為B。24．A.doubtfully B．carefullyC．happily D．hurriedly答案D解析doubtfully懷疑地；carefully細致地；happily歡樂地；hurriedly匆忙地。由上文可知，作者拿到這類書時，會自然地翻到印著自己生日的那一頁，所以作者連忙打開書，查看自己生日那天的格言。故選D。25．A.where B．whetherC．what D．how答案C解析where在哪里；whether是否；what什么；how如何。由句意可知，作者打開11月10日那一頁，看看這本書為自己打算的格言是什么(what)。故選C。26．A.excited B．astonishedC．disappo