Unit5OntheroadUsinglanguage課件高中英語

Unit5OntheroadLookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a),whoreadtheblog?Over200,000peoplereadtheblog.Insentence(b),whatisrising?Whendoweputthe-ingformbeforethenounitmodifiesandwhendoweputitafter?Thesunisrising.Ifweuseonesingle-ingformtomodifyanoun,weusuallyputitbeforethenoun.Ifthe-ingformplusotherwordsisusedtomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputafterthenoun.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(b)inthereadingpassage?Thefirstgroupusesthe-ingformasattributivewhilethesecondgroupusesattributiveclauses.Becausethesentencesusingthe-ingformasattributivearemoreconciseandcolloquial.-ingasattributive—“動(dòng)詞+ing”作定語

（一）概述由于動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作定語,在語法作用上有重合，所以本單元把它們合并在一起,統(tǒng)稱為“動(dòng)詞+-ing形式”作定語。雖然都是“動(dòng)詞+-ing形式”作定語,但修飾語和被修飾語之間的關(guān)系是不一樣的。動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，它和被修飾語的關(guān)系是“目的或用途關(guān)系”;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),被修飾語和它的關(guān)系是“主謂關(guān)系”。這兩種不同的修飾關(guān)系,是區(qū)分動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的標(biāo)志?！皠?dòng)詞+ing”作定語Asleepingcarisacarforsleeping.

一節(jié)臥鋪車廂(動(dòng)名詞作定語)Asleepingboyisaboywhoissleeping. 一個(gè)正在睡覺的男孩(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)Drinkingwateriswaterfordrinking

飲用水(動(dòng)名詞作定語)Boilingwateriswaterthatisboiling. 正在沸騰的水(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)“動(dòng)詞+ing”作定語（二）動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語,說明它與被修飾語是“目的或用途關(guān)系”?？梢杂胒ordoing或usedfordoing來置換這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞,放在被修飾語之后作定語。如:aswimmingpool→apoolforswimming→apoolusedforswimming

游泳池awritingdesk→adeskforwriting一張寫字臺(tái)areadingroom→aroomforreading一間閱覽室abathingcap→acapforbathing一個(gè)浴帽“動(dòng)詞+ing”作定語（三）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,說明被修飾語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是“主謂關(guān)系”。一般可以擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)定語從句，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語,現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。1.單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語fallingleaves→leavesthatarefalling正在落下的葉子therisingsun→thesunthatisrising

冉冉升起的太陽adevelopingcountry→acountrythatisdeveloping一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家“動(dòng)詞+ing”作定語2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操場上踢足球的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。有時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞不一定表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如果現(xiàn)在分詞表示習(xí)慣意義,如人的國籍、職業(yè)、事物的客觀存在等,轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句時(shí)則用一般時(shí)態(tài)。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他們是來自幾個(gè)國家的游客?！皠?dòng)詞+ing”作定語2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操場上踢足球的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。有時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞不一定表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如果現(xiàn)在分詞表示習(xí)慣意義,如人的國籍、職業(yè)、事物的客觀存在等,轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句時(shí)則用一般時(shí)態(tài)。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他們是來自幾個(gè)國家的游客?！皠?dòng)詞+ing”作定語3.表示令人情緒變化的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語一些表示令人情緒變化的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,也叫分詞形容詞,常用來作定語(還可以作表語)，多用來修飾事物,意為“令人……的”。(這類詞常用的有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,confusing,convincing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,exciting,fascinating等。)Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那肯定是一次可怕的經(jīng)歷。Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)取得了驚人的成功。“動(dòng)詞+ing”作定語4.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),如果被修飾詞與其是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則要用被動(dòng)式beingdone，表示正在被做。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschoollibrary正在被建的那座高樓是我們學(xué)校的圖書館。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster正在被討論的問題是校長提出的?！皠?dòng)詞+ing”作定語5.在下列情況下,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,應(yīng)使用定語從句(1)如果作定語的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不在同一個(gè)時(shí)間范圍，應(yīng)使用定語從句，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。Theprofessorvisitingourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(誤)Theprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(正)昨天參觀我們學(xué)校的那位教授將給我們做一次講座。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不作定語,只用來作狀語,表示動(dòng)作早于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。ThegirlhavingturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(誤)ThegirlwhohasturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(正)已經(jīng)交上試卷的那個(gè)女孩是謝里爾。非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的區(qū)別1.

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1)語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.站在他旁邊的那個(gè)女人是他的秘書。(thewoman與stand之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.她把教授推薦的書給我看了看。(thebook與recommend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)(2)時(shí)間不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。thechangingworld

正在發(fā)生變化的世界thechangedworld

已經(jīng)變化了的世界非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的區(qū)別2.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作定語往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞的后面。Bettyisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.貝蒂總是第一個(gè)來,最后一個(gè)走。(習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)Mynextaimtoachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.我要實(shí)現(xiàn)的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)就是賺好多錢給我父母買一棟大房子。(將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)(2)動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示用途或作用,放在被修飾詞的前面。awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalkingareadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的區(qū)別3.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式和動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式作定語的區(qū)別done,beingdone和tobedone,這三種非謂語形式都表示被動(dòng)，都可以作定語,但它們是有明顯區(qū)別的。done表示“已經(jīng)被做”,beingdone表示“正在被做”,tobedone表示“將要被做”。Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天召開的會(huì)議很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.現(xiàn)在正在召開的會(huì)議很重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天將要召開的會(huì)議很重要。Rewritetheadvertisementusingthe-ingformtomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.workingjumpingsingingdolphinscatchingsettingReadtheemails.UnderlinethetasksAndrewandMatthavetodobeforegoingonatrip.CompletethechartwiththetasksinActivity4.makeabudget

bookaccommodationapplyforavisa

checkinonlinepackluggageNowthinkofotherthingsyoumayhavetodobeforeatripandaddthemtothechart.Workingroups.Chooseadestinationandprepareyourtriptogether.UsethechartinActivity5tohelpyou.Vocabulary1.aboardWelcomeaboard! 歡迎乘坐!Allaboard! 請(qǐng)大家上船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)!goaboard 上船(飛機(jī)、火車等)beaboard 在船(火車、飛機(jī))上aboardabus 在公共汽車上,上公共汽車練習(xí)：Theplaneistakingoff.Please__________.goaboardVocabulary2.creditgivesb.credit 給某人贊許receiveacredit 獲得學(xué)分acreditcard 信用卡oncredit 賒購;賒欠beacredittosb./sth.

為某人/某事物增光dosb.credit=docredittosb.

使某人值得贊揚(yáng)toone'scredit

某人值得贊揚(yáng)/欽佩;給某人帶來榮譽(yù)get/receivecreditfor

因?yàn)椤@得贊揚(yáng)練習(xí)：Much_______hiscredithehasgrowntobearesponsibleperson.toVocabulary3.flightduringtheflight 在飛行中bookafight 預(yù)訂航班boardafight 登機(jī)fightsafety 飛行安全aninternationalfight 國際航班asmooth/comfortableflight 平穩(wěn)的/舒適的航班catch/missafight 趕上/錯(cuò)過航班Haveagoodfight! (飛行)旅途愉快!練習(xí)：Thereturn_________(fly)oftheaircraftwasdelayed.flightVocabulary4.advanceadvanced adj.高級(jí)的;先進(jìn)的inadvanceof 在……前面;超過……makeadvancesin 在……方面取得進(jìn)步advanceon/upon/towards 朝……前進(jìn)beadvancedbyfourdays 提前四天advanceaprogramme 提出一個(gè)方案練習(xí)：Thecourseissuitableforbothbeginnersand___________(advance)students.advancedVocabulary5.engageengaged adj.忙碌的;被占用的engagement n.約會(huì);約定;訂婚engageindoingsth. 參與做某事beengagedin 參加，參與engagesb.’sinterest/attention 吸引某人的興趣/注意力engagesb.inconversation 開始與某人攀談engagewithsb./sth. 與某人/某事物建立密切關(guān)系練習(xí)：Theyare________(engage)intalkswiththeothercompany.engaged

Listentotheconversationandfindoutwhereittakesplace.abcListenagainandcompletethemapandtheinformationforthetourist.1HistoryMuseum

?behind1____________

?opensat2___________2Paul’sRestaurant

?nextto3____________

?serves4____________3boatrace

?between5___________

and6__________universities

?starts7_____________thetownhallhalfpastnineinthemorningthepostofficedeliciousfishandchipsOxfordCambridgetomorrowafternoonActivity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:Activity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:?buyasouvenirforafriend?findinformationonthehistoryofthetown?tastethefamouslocalfoodAskStudentBforinformation.Takenoteswhileyoulistenandtrytofindtheplacescorrectly,markingyourrouteonthemap.Don’thesitatetoaskStudentBforfurtherinformationaboutthetown.studentBStudentAisvisitingyourtownandhasalistofthingstodo.Givedirectionsandbepreparedtoprovidefurtherinformationaboutyourtown.Activity9TheimportanceofmapswhentravellingAreyouusedtopapermapsoronlinemaps?Whatonlinemapapplicationsdoyouknow?Whichdoyouthinkismoreconvenient?Whatelsedoyouknowabouttravellingessentials?TalkwithyourpartnerExercise1.Itwasdifficultand_________(stress),butwegotthereintheend.2.Theaudienceiswa