卓越研究生英語（理工篇）綜合教程2 課件 B2U6 The ethics of technology

UNIT6TheethicsoftechnologyAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:discusstherelationshipbetweentechnologyandethics,aswellashowtousetechnologyresponsibly;listenforexplanationsinanacademiccontext;activelyengagewithanacademicarticlebyaskingquestionswhilereading;writeaconferenceabstractforresearchontheinterfacebetweentechnologyandethics.Thedigitalrevolution,characterizedbythewidespreadadoptionofAI,advancesinbiotechnology,andextensivedatacollection,hasunlockednewavenuesforprogressandconveniencepreviouslyunheardof.However,ithasalsogivenrisetocomplexethicaldilemmas.Aswenavigatethisbravenewworld,grapplingwithchallengessuchasprivacyinvasion,biasinalgorithmicdecision-making,automation’simpactonemployment,andtheethicalimplicationsofeditinggenes,itbecomesincreasinglyessentialtocriticallyexaminehowourethicsinformandareinformedbythetechnologieswecreateandemploy.Toexploretheethicalboundariesandstandardsofcutting-edgetechnologies,manycountries,includingChina,havemadegreatefforts,suchasconductinginterdisciplinaryresearchthatspansscience,technology,ethics,andlaw.Whateverthemethod,thekeytoeffectivelyaddressingthechallengesliesinansweringtwoquestions:Whatistherelationshipbetweentechnologyandethics?Howcanthetwodevelopinharmony?SettingLeadinginLeadinginTechnologycanleadtobothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,dependingonitsapplication.Brainstormexamplesofpositiveandnegativeuseoftechnology.AproactiveapproachtotheethicsofnewtechEthicsofArtificialIntelligence：ChallengesandGovernanceExploringViewingReadingViewingPre-viewingWhendiscussingproblemscausedbyapplicationsofcertaintechnologies,somesaythattheseissuescanbemitigatedifconsumerschoosenottousesuchtechnologies.

Doyouagreewiththisperspective?Whyorwhynot?Watchthevideoandcompletethefollowingexercises.ViewingAnalyticalviewingscriptViewingAnalyticalviewingViewingandunderstandingHowcanweproperlygovernAI?Completethesummarywithinformationfromthevideo.AIinfluencesourdecisionsandactionsindailylife.However,weoftenlackanunderstandingofhowAIoperatesandareunsurewhetherwecantrustits1)

.Lettingconsumersnavigatethecomplexitiesofdigitaltechnologiesbythemselvesisinsufficient,whichhighlightstheneedtoaddressthepowerimbalancebyputtingresponsibilitiesbackon2)________________________.designersandorganizationsoutputTechnologiesareneutral.Itisuptoustodeveloptheframeworkandshape3)________thatalignwithethicalprinciplestodeliverthedesiredoutcomes.ResponsibleAIgovernancerequiresthebuy-inof4)__________________________.Theyshouldknowthatethicsisadynamicsystemandthatitleadstobusinesssuccess.therulesbigtechandothercompaniesViewingAnalyticalviewingViewingandunderstandingHowcanweproperlygovernAI?Completethesummarywithinformationfromthevideo.We

see

that

over

the

past

five

years,

ethical

debates

havesignificantly

influenceddiscussionson

5)___________,

and

that

AI

ethical

principles

are

being

practically

applied.Inclusivity

isanothercriticalaspectofAI

governance.

Involving

all

groups

inthe

decision-making

process

is

critical

becausewhenwetalkabout

the

regulation

ofAI,we’retalking

aboutvery

basic

6)___________.

Shaping

sound

regulatory

frameworksthrough

listeningto

everyone

istheonly

way

to

deliver

7)____________

for

thetechnologiestofulfillour

humangoals.InsteadofmakingAIan

arms

racewhere

each

nationfocuses

solely

on

its

own

8)_______,weshould

use

ittoconnectcountriesworldwide.humanrightsAIregulationastrongbasiscontextAnexplanationisastatementornarrativethatclarifiesorinterpretssomething.Inanacademiccontext,theabilitytolistenforexplanationsisvitalasitfosterscomprehensiveunderstandingandcriticalthinking.Herearesomecommontypesofexplanationsinacademiclistening:Explanationsforreasons

Thistypeofexplanationinvolvesclarifyingthereasonsbehindadecision,opinion,oraction.Wordsandphrasesindicatingitincludebecause,dueto,owingto.ListeningforexplanationsViewingAnalyticalviewingExplanationsforconceptsorideasThistypeofexplanationfocusesonclarifyingconcepts,theories,orideas.Thespeakeroftenprovidesdefinitions,examples,orrelevantbackgroundinformationtofacilitateunderstanding.Wordsandphrasesindicatingthiskindofexplanationincludethismeansthat…,whichis/means,infact,forexample,like,andsuchas.ListeningforexplanationsViewingAnalyticalviewingExplanationsforproceduresThistypeofexplanationprovidesdetailedinstructionsorstepsforaspecificprocess.Commonlyusedsignalwordsindicatingitincludefirst,second,next,before,andthen.Attimes,notallexplanationsarestatedoutrightwithsignalwords.Payattentiontothecontextandtheintonationofthespeaker,asthesecanindirectlyindicatethespeaker’sexplanations.ListeningforexplanationsViewingAnalyticalviewingAnalyticalviewingViewingViewingandunderstanding★Watchthevideoagainandmatchthefourspeakerswiththeirargumentsandtheexplanationsprovided.SpeakersArgumentsExplanationsEllenBroadATheethicalprinciplesofAIarebeingappliedonahighlypracticalbasis.aItisourresponsibilitytocreatetheframeworkandestablishtherulesthatenablethesetechnologiestofulfilltheoutcomeswedesire.GabrielaRamosBMerelygivingconsumersinformationaboutdigitalproductsandplatformsisn’tenoughtoaddressthepowerimbalance.bDecisionsresultingfromtheprocesswouldsimplynotbeapplicabletoanindividualwhoisnotincludedinthedataset.AnalyticalviewingViewingViewingandunderstanding★Watchthevideoagainandmatchthefourspeakerswiththeirargumentsandtheexplanationsprovided.CarlosAffonsoSouzaCWeshouldnotblamethetechnologiesforwideninginequalitiesandmakingnocontributiontoaddressingsocietalchallenges.cTechnologieshavebecomeintegraltoessentialaspectsoflifelikeeducationandjobsearch.EmmaRuttkamp-BloemDTheabsenceofaccesstotechnologieswouldautomaticallyexcludeindividualsfromparticipatingindiscussionsonresponsiblegovernance.dSeveralLatinAmericancountrieshavedevelopednationalstrategiesforAI,andcertaincountriesintheregionareenactinglegalregulationstoenforcespecificprinciples.EllenBroad--B--cGabrielaRamos--C--aCarlosAffonsoSouza--A--dEmmaRuttkamp-Bloem--D--bAnalyticalviewingViewingViewingandunderstanding★Watchthevideoagainandmatchthefourspeakerswiththeirargumentsandtheexplanationsprovided.Nowadays,AIplaysacrucialroleinourdailylives.Itcanhavebothpositiveandnegativeimpactsdependingonhowitisused.WorkingroupsanddiscusshowtoensuretheresponsibledevelopmentanduseofAI.Youmayconsidertheissuefromtheperspectivesofthegovernment,companies,researchinstitutions,andindividuals.ViewingAnalyticalviewingThinkingbeyondCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesbelow.ViewingLanguagefocusWordsandphrases1 InAIdevelopment,it’soften___________________:insteadoftechnologyshapingsociety,society’svaluesareincreasinglyshapingthedirectionofAI.2 Techcompaniesneedto________theirdataprivacypoliciestoensureuserinformationissecurelyprotectedandethicallymanaged.3 Inordertofosterresponsibleandunbiasedoutcomes,itisimportantto______ethicalconsiderationsintothedevelopmentofAIsystems.4 Withoutstrictethicalguidelines,wemight_______creatingAIsystemsthatactcontrarytohumanvaluesandinterests.shapeuptheotherwayaroundembedembedshapeuptheotherwayaroundendupendupReadingPre-readingWorkinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Whatethicalissueshavearisenduetonewtechnologies?2Doyouthinkwecananticipatetheseissuesbeforeimplementingnewtechnologies?Ifso,how?Ifnot,why?ReadingPre-reading5Gnetworksrepresentthefifth-generationmobilecommunicationtechnology,offeringsignificantlyfasterdatatransferspeeds,lowerlatency,andincreasedcapacitycomparedtopreviousgenerations.Thistechnologyenablesmoreconnecteddevicesandsupportsthedevelopmentofadvancedapplicationslikeautonomousvehiclesandsmartcities.15GnetworksBackgroundinformationReadingPre-readingVirtualreality(VR)isatechnologythatcreatesasimulatedenvironmentusingcomputertechnology,allowinguserstoexperienceandinteractwithavirtualworld.ByusingVRheadsetsandsensors,userscanentera3-Dvirtualspacewheretheirvisual,auditory,andtactilesensesaresimulatedtoprovidearealisticexperience.VRtechnologyiswidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchasgaming,education,healthcare,andarchitecturaldesign.2Virtualreality(VR)BackgroundinformationReadingPre-readingCloudmanufacturingisaninnovativemanufacturingmodelthatutilizestechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,theInternetofThings(IoT),bigdata,andintelligentmanufacturingtechnologies.Inthismodel,manufacturingresourcesandcapabilitiesaretransformedintoservicesthatcanbeaccessedandutilizedovertheInternet.Cloudmanufacturingsupportscollaborationamongdifferentstakeholders,includingsuppliers,manufacturers,andcustomers,byprovidingasharedplatformforinformationexchangeandprocessintegration.3CloudmanufacturingBackgroundinformationReadingPre-reading1Weallwantthetechnologyinourlivestofulfillitspromise–tocausedelightratherthandread,tohelpusratherthanharmus.(Para.1)Meaning:Wehopethatthetechnologyweusedailyachieveswhatitsetsouttodo,bringingjoyinsteadoffearandassistingusinsteadofcausingharm.dreadn.[U,sing.]astrongfearofsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen恐懼；害怕Therewasagrowingdreadamongthepassengersaboutthesevereturbulenceforecastedfortheirflight.vt.feelanxiousorworriedaboutsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen畏懼；懼怕；擔(dān)心Wealldreadthefluseason,deeplyconcernedaboutgettingsickandmissingimportantevents.ReadingLanguagepoints1Weallwantthetechnologyinourlivestofulfillitspromise–tocausedelightratherthandread,tohelpusratherthanharmus.(Para.1)ReadingLanguagepointsNotes在本句中，ratherthan用于連接兩個并列的成分，表達(dá)一種對比或取舍關(guān)系，意思是“而不是”、“而非”，用來強調(diào)前后兩部分之間的區(qū)別或選擇偏好。同義表達(dá)包括insteadof。2Toooften,thepatterngoeslikethis:Atechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlives,andonlythendoessocietybegintoseeandaddressanyproblemsitmightcreate.(Para.1)ReadingLanguagepointsMeaning:Thereisarecurringissuewhereanewtechnologyisintroduced,quicklygainspopularity,andbecomesasignificantpartofdailylife.Itisonlyafterthiswidespreadadoptionthatsocietytypicallybecomesawareofandstartstodealwithanyproblemsthatthetechnologymightcreate.2Toooften,thepatterngoeslikethis:Atechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlives,andonlythendoessocietybegintoseeandaddressanyproblemsitmightcreate.(Para.1)ReadingLanguagepointsNotes1本句中atechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlives使用了排比的修辭，通過三個并列的動詞短語來描述技術(shù)的發(fā)展過程，增強了語言的節(jié)奏感，使得論述更加有力和清晰。2本句后半部分andonlythendoessocietybeginto...采用了部分倒裝。通常情況下，英文中的正常語序是主語加謂語，但在本句中，由于使用了only加副詞位于句首的情況，句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，助動詞does被提前到了主語society之前，原本的語序是andsocietyonlythenbeginsto...，通過倒裝變?yōu)閍ndonlythendoessocietybeginto...。使用部分倒裝是為了強調(diào)onlythen這一時間狀語，從而突出在那個特定時間點上社會才開始意識到并解決可能出現(xiàn)的問題。3Imagineifthegrowthoftheautomobilehadgonedifferently,withseatbeltsdeveloped,saferroadwaysbuilt,andbettertrafficlawsimplementedmuchearlier,rightalongwiththeengineinnovationsthatgaveusmorepowerandgreaterspeed.(Para.2)ReadingLanguagepointsMeaning:Imagineifthedevelopmentoftheautomobilehadtakenadifferentpath,withtheearlyintroductionofseatbelts,theconstructionofsaferroads,andtheimplementationofbettertrafficlaws,allprogressingalongsidetheengineadvancementsthatprovidedincreasedpowerandspeed.Notes1通過對比前一句實際上發(fā)生的歷史（早期汽車發(fā)展過程中發(fā)生的高事故率）與本句設(shè)想中更為理想的狀況（在汽車發(fā)展初期就引入安全帶、建設(shè)更安全的道路、實施更完善的交通法規(guī)），強調(diào)了在技術(shù)發(fā)展過程中預(yù)先考慮并解決潛在問題的重要性。2本句使用了排比的修辭，列舉了三個方面的改進(jìn)：withseatbeltsdeveloped、saferroadwaysbuilt和bettertrafficlawsimplemented，使句子節(jié)奏感更強，更有說服力。4CompaniesshouldlearntoberesponsiblestewardsoftheAItheydeploy,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntobuild,andsomuchmorethat’scomingtowardus,fromquantumcomputingtovirtualreality(VR)toblockchain.(Para.3)Meaning:CompaniesshouldlearntoresponsiblyoverseetheAItheyimplement,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntoconstruct,andalltheotheremergingtechnologiesthatareheadingourway,includingquantumcomputing,virtualreality(VR),andblockchain.Meaningbeyondwords:Thisstatementemphasizesthatcompaniesmustembraceasenseofaccountabilityandproactivemanagementconcerningtheadvancedtechnologiestheyintroduceintosociety.Byreferringtothemas“responsiblestewards”,itimpliesthatcompaniesshouldnotjustcreateorusethesetechnologiesbutalsoensuretheirsafe,ethical,andbeneficialimplementation.ReadingLanguagepoints4CompaniesshouldlearntoberesponsiblestewardsoftheAItheydeploy,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntobuild,andsomuchmorethat’scomingtowardus,fromquantumcomputingtovirtualreality(VR)toblockchain.(Para.3)steward

n.[C]1)sb.whoprotectssth.orisresponsibleforit,esp.sth.suchasnature,publicproperty,ormoney（尤指自然、公共財產(chǎn)或錢財?shù)鹊模┍Ｗo者，負(fù)責(zé)人，主管Thecorporatestewardisprimarilyresponsibleformanagingthecompany’sassetsandensuringfinancialstability.2)amanwhosejobistoservefoodanddrinkstopassengersonaplaneorship（飛機或輪船上的）男乘務(wù)員，男服務(wù)員Thestewardoffereduscomplimentarydrinksandsnacksduringthelong-haulflighttomakeourjourneymorepleasant.ReadingLanguagepoints5Thestakesarehigh.(Para.3)Meaning:Therisksandpotentialconsequencesaresubstantial.Meaningbeyondwords:Thissentencemeansthatthesituationcarriessignificantrisksandpotentialconsequences.Becausetechnologiesplayacrucialroleindrivingchangeandeconomicgrowth,itisvitalforcompaniestoactethicallyandensuretheirtechnologiesaretrustworthy.Anyfailuretodosocouldhaveseriousandfar-reachingimpacts.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints6Whiletheyareincapableofpredictingthefuture,theycanadoptasoundframeworkthatwillhelpthemprepareforandrespondtounexpectedemergentimpacts.(Para.4)Meaning:Althoughtheycannotforeseethefuture,theycanemployarobustframeworkthatwillenablethemtogetreadyforandaddressunforeseenconsequencesastheyarise.incapable

a.

unabletodosth.無能力的；不會的；不能的Theoldmachinerywasincapableofmeetingthenewproductionstandards,necessitatinganupgradetomoremodernequipment.emergent

a.(onlybeforenoun)intheearlystagesofexistenceordevelopment新出現(xiàn)的；處于萌芽階段的Theemergentmarketforelectricvehiclesisattractingsignificantinvestmentfrommajorautomotivecompaniesandtechnologystartups.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints7Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldthinkwithmoreforesightandnuanceabouttherisks–guidedbythosewiththemostrelevantknowledge.(Para.5)Meaning:Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldconsiderriskswithgreateranticipationandsubtleunderstanding,undertheguidanceofthosepossessingthemostrelevantexpertise.nuance

n.[C,U]aslightdifferencethatmaybedifficulttonoticebutisfairlyimportant細(xì)微差別Understandingthenuancesofculturaldifferencesiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationinadiverseandglobalizedworkplace.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints8Asthetechnologyevolves,VRsimulationsarebecomingsorealisticthatthepossibilityofactualtraumafromavirtualexperiencemightneedtobeaddressed.(Para.6)Meaning:AsVRtechnologyadvancesandbecomesmoretrue-to-life,anewconcernarises:theneedtoaddressthepotentialforuserstoexperienceactualpsychologicaloremotionaldistressfromthesehighlyrealisticvirtualenvironments.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints9Ascompaniespursuethesetechnologies,whichhavethepotentialtodramaticallychangetheskillsetneededonthefactoryfloor,theymightseekconsultationwithlaboreconomistswhocanshedlightonlargerworkforceissues.(Para.7)Meaning:Asbusinessesadoptthesetechnologiesthatcouldsignificantlyaltertherequiredskillsforfactoryworkers,theymayconsultlaboreconomiststogaininsightsintobroaderworkforcechallenges.skillset

n.[C](also

skillset)aperson’srangeofskillsorabilities（個人的）技能組合，全套本領(lǐng)Buildingacomprehensiveskillsetrequiresdedicationtolearningnewtechnologiesandrefiningexistingabilitiescontinuously.shed/cast/throwlightonsth.

makeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand使（問題等）較容易理解Thesurveyresultsshedlightonconsumerpreferences,helpingbusinessestailortheirproductstobettermeetmarketdemands.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints10Thismightmeanthat,asbusinessesrushtowarda5Gfuturewithagiantleapindataspeedsandubiquitousconnectivity,theyshouldpausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns–perhapswellbeyondthosewearealreadygrapplingwith.(Para.9)Meaning:Thiscouldimplythatasbusinessesrapidlyadvanceintoa5Gfuturewithsignificantlyfasterdataspeedsandpervasiveconnectivity,theyshouldtakeamomenttoidentifyandtackleemergingprivacyissues,whichmaybemorecomplexthanthosewecurrentlyface.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepoints10Thismightmeanthat,asbusinessesrushtowarda5Gfuturewithagiantleapindataspeedsandubiquitousconnectivity,theyshouldpausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns–perhapswellbeyondthosewearealreadygrapplingwith.(Para.9)LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepointsNotes本句使用了對比的修辭手法，主要體現(xiàn)在了以下兩方面：1將rushtowarda5Gfuture（奔向5G未來）和pausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns（停下來考慮并解決新的隱私問題）進(jìn)行對比，強調(diào)了在技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的同時，也需要停下來關(guān)注隱私問題。2將newprivacyconcerns（新的隱私問題）和thosewearealreadygrapplingwith（我們已經(jīng)在應(yīng)對的問題）進(jìn)行對比，表示新的隱私問題的復(fù)雜性或挑戰(zhàn)性或許遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過我們目前所面臨的那些問題。11Theteamhastoconductresearchandestablishtheguardrailsthatcanminimizerisks.(Para.11)Meaning:Theteamneedstocarryoutresearchandsetupguidelinesthatcanreducerisks.guardrailn.[C]alongmetalbarthatisintendedtopreventcarsorpeoplefromfallingovertheedgeofaroad,boat,orhighstructure（道路、船只或高層建筑的）金屬護欄Duringtherenovation,workersinstalledanewguardrailonthebalconytocomplywithupdatedsafetyregulations.LanguagepointsReadingLanguagepointsNotes單詞guardrail的本義是“（道路、船只或高層建筑的）金屬護欄”，在本句中比喻那些用來避免或減少風(fēng)險的指導(dǎo)原則或保護措施。12Whenacompanyiscalledtoaccountforthetechnologyithasdevelopedordeployed,someonecouldendupbeingsummonedtocourtoransweringquestionsfromthemedia.(Para.12)Meaning:Ifacompanyisaskedtoexplainorjustifythetechnologyithascreatedorputintouse,thereisapossibilitythatanindividualfromthecompanymighthavetoappearincourtorfacequestionsfromjournalists.accountforsth.giveanexplanationofsth.解釋；說明Theengineerwasaskedtoaccountfortheunexpectedfailureofthenewsystemduringtheproduct’sinitialtestingphase.ReadingLanguagepoints12Whenacompanyiscalledtoaccountforthetechnologyithasdevelopedordeployed,someonecouldendupbeingsummonedtocourtoransweringquestionsfromthemedia.(Para.12)summon

vt.(fml.)1)ordersb.toappearincourt傳喚，傳訊（出庭）Thelawyerrequestedthecourttosummonadditionalwitnessestosupporttheirclient’sdefensestrategy.2)ordersb.tocometoyou召喚Themanagersummonedalldepartmentheadstohisofficeforanurgentmeetingaboutthenewproject.ReadingLanguagepoints13Morerigorousattentiontosuchnegativeoutcomesisexactlythepoint–andmayimprovethechancesthatnooneeverhastoappearbeforepolicymakersorajudgetoexplainhowapieceoftechnologycameaboutinthefirstplace.(Para.13)ReadingLanguagepointsMeaning:Payingcloserattentiontothesenegativeoutcomesispreciselythemainpoint,anditmightincreasethelikelihoodthatnoonewilleverneedtoexplaintheoriginsofapieceoftechnologytopolicymakersorajudge.pointn.[C](also

the~)themainormostimportantideainsth.thatissaidordone重點；要點；核心問題Thepointofthediscussionwastoidentifykeyareasforimprovementinourcustomerserviceapproach.14Butthebroaderpointisthattrustandethicsissuescanbemanagedeffectively–aslongastheproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade.(Para.15)Meaning:However,thegeneralviewisthatissuesoftrustandethicscanbedealtwitheffectively,providedthatthereareappropriatecommitmentsmadebyleadership.ReadingLanguagepointsNotesaslongas是一個表示條件的結(jié)構(gòu)，用來說明在某個特定條件下某事會發(fā)生或成立，意思相當(dāng)于“只要”。在本句中，aslongas引導(dǎo)了一個條件從句theproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade，指出了事件發(fā)生的條件，即需要有恰當(dāng)?shù)念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)層承諾。除了aslongas之外，還有其他一些常用的表示條件的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如if、provided(that)/providing(that)和onconditionthat等。15Ourabilitytoethicallymanageandincreasetrustinourtechtoolsisexpectedtoonlygaininimportanceinthecomingyearsastechnologyevolves,accelerates,andreachesmoredeeplyintoourlives.(Para.17)Meaning:Astechnologycontinuestodevelop,accelerate,andintegratemoredeeplyintoourlives,ourcapacitytomanageourtechtoolsethicallyandenhancetrustinthemisexpectedtobecomeincreasinglysignificantinthecomingyears.ReadingLanguagepoints1Thetextintroducesaproactiveapproachtotheethicsofnewtech.Readthetextandfillintheblankstoanswerthequestionsthereadermightraisewhilereading.YoucanrefertotheAcademicreadingskillformoreinformationonaskingquestionswhilereading.ReadingReadingandunderstandingReadingAnalyticalreadingCompaniesdeliveringtechnologicaladvancesneedtoact

ethicallyandstriveto

1)___________________the

potential

effectsofthetechnologies

byadoptingasound

framework.Howcanwechangethepatternofdealingwithproblemsonlyaftertheyoccur?anticipateandaddressReadingReadingandunderstandingReadingAnalyticalreadingWhatisinvolvedintheframework?InvolvespecialistsWhyisitnecessarytoseekinputfromspecialistsinotherfields?Engineersandsoftwaredevelopersmaynothave2)_____________________tofullyunderstandandaddresstheirwork’sethicalrisks,soguidancefromspecialistsinotherfieldsisnecessarytohelpthemthinkwith3)_______________________.PauseandplanWhatdoestheauthormeanby“pauseandplan”?Itmeanstakingamomentduringthestrategicplanningtoconsider4)____________,5)________________,

and

6)

______________________insteadof

justfocusingonthe

possibilitiesand

currenttechethics

issues.

Followingthis,

7)___________________________

should

be

developed.alltheneededexpertisemoreforesightandnuancepotentialrisksnegativeoutcomesunintendedconsequencesethicalriskmitigationstrategiesReadingReadingandunderstandingReadingAnalyticalreadingWhatisinvolvedintheframework?Assign

accountabilityHowdoesaccountabilityassignment

help

mitigate

the

negative

impactsofnewtechnologies?8)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Appoint

a

chief

technology

ethics

officerWhat

isthe

main

responsibilityofachief

technologyethicsofficer?9)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Itwouldleadtoamorerigorousconsiderationofpotentialrisksandchallengesthatmayarise,potentiallypreventingadverseoutcomesandtheneedtoexplainthetechnologybeforepolicymakersorajudge.Achieftechnologyethicsofficercanmarshalnecessaryresources,enforcerules,andeffectivelymanagetrustandethicsissuesthroughproperleadershipcommitments.ReadingReadingandunderstandingReadingAnalyticalreadingWhywillitbeincreasinglyimportantforcompaniesandbusinessestoethicallymanageandincreasetrustintheirtechtools?10)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Beingabletoethicallymanageandincreasetrustintheirtechtoolswilllikelybringopportunitiestothem,andthosewhofailtodothiswilllearnhardlessons.2Didyouhaveanyotherquestionswhilereadingthetext?Notethemdownandanswerthemiftheanswersareavailableinthetext.Askingquestionswhilereadingisavaluableacademicreadingstrategy.Ithelpsthereaderdigestthecontentandengagewiththetext.Thereadermayaskquestionsforthefollowingreasons:Toclarifymeaning(e.g.“Whatdoesthatwordmean?”)Tounderstandtheeventsbetter(e.g.“Whydidtheydothat?”and“Howdidthathappen?”)Tounderstandtheauthor’sintention(e.g.“Whydidtheauthorwritethis?”)Tomakepredictions(e.g.“Willthesolutionbeexplainedinthenextparagraph?”)AskingquestionswhilereadingAnalyticalreadingReadingToevaluatethevalidityofclaimsorarguments(e.g.“Howeffectiveistheevidenceprovidedbytheauthorinsupportingtheirmainargument?”)Questionscanbecategorizedinto“surface”and“in-depth”questions.Surfacequestions(who,what,when,where,etc.)canbeansweredbylookingright