山西省2025屆高三下學期考前適應性測試啟航試題（一模） 英語 含解析

英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在本試題相應的位置。2.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在本試題上無效。3.聽力部分滿分30分，不計入總分。4.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案用0.5mm黑色筆跡簽字筆寫在答題卡上。5.考試結束后，將本試題和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.What’sthehomeworkforTuesday?A.Readingthefifthchapter.B.Preparingforthenextclass.C.Discussingthefifthchapter.2.What’stheman’sfavoritesport?A.Volleyball.B.Tabletennis.C.Football.3.Whatweatherdoesthemandislike?A.Snowy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.Whoistheman?A.Apatient.B.Adentist.C.Aninterviewer.5.Whichwebsitedoesthewomanvisitforfun?A.T.B.UsingE.C.Y.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingtonight?A.Seeingamovie.B.Enjoyingaconcert.C.Watchingaplay.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.HowdidthewomangotoworkonMonday?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.9.Whatwouldthemanliketouse?A.Asharedcharger.B.Asharedcar.C.Asharedumbrella.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.11.Whatdoesthemanrecommenddoingfirst?A.Findingaccommodation.B.Decidingwheretogo.C.Gettingamap.12.Whocangivethewomanrightdirectioninformationfaster?A.Kids.B.Tourists.C.Deliverymen.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatiswrongwiththeman’selectricwheelchair?A.Theseatcan’tbeadjusted.B.Thebatterycan’tbecharged.C.Thewheelscan’tturnautomatically.14.Howmuchwillthemanhavetopayfortherepair?A.$55.B.Morethan$55.C.Freeofcharge.15.Whattimeisavailablefortheman?A.OnthemorningofOctober23rd.B.OnthemorningofOctober25th.C.OntheafternoonofOctober25th.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Waitforacall.B.Callthetechnician.C.Arrangeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whywilltheprogrambeheld?A.Towelcomenewhigh-schoolstudents.B.Toimprovetheeducationofcollegestudents.C.Tohelphigh-schoolstudentslearnaboutcollege.18.Whichofthefollowingdovolunteersneedtodo?A.Introducethehistoryoftheschool.B.Teachstudentshowtousestudentcards.C.Helpimprovethefriendshipbetweenstudents.19.Howmanystudentsshouldavolunteerguideatmost?A.Four.B.Six.C.Ten.20.Howdoesastudentgetmoreinformation?A.Byaskingvolunteers.B.Bycallingtheschooloffice.C.Byvisitingthecollegewebsite.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThreedaysofwonderfulridingforthepriceofone!What:EasterBikeTourWhen:March29-31Where:TexasHillCountry,Kerrville,TexasWhatmakesthisrideuniqueanda“mustdo”?Inits51styear,thisrideoffersthreedaysofridingwithmultipleroutesforalllevelsofriders,from19milesto85miles,eachdayofferingthreedistanceoptions,allongreatroadsfeaturingspringtimewildflowers!Althoughthereisanofficialstarttime,ridersarewelcometostartattheirleisure.ReststationsandSAG(SupportandGear)supportareprovidedalongtheroutes.Whatmakesthiseventa“festival”?TheridestartsandstopseverydayattheTrailheadBeerGardenwhichfeatureslocalcraftbeerandwinesaswellasfoodtrucksforpost-ridenourishment.Evenbetter,wehavehiredlocalbandstoplayintheRockingSquaresoyoucanenjoyyourselfwithyourfriendsandshareyourexperienceofconqueringthehills!Thereareadditionalwine-tastingoptions,andthebeautifulY.O.Hotelhasgivenusanamazingrate!Prefertocamp?SchreinerParkhasbeautifulfull-servicesiteswithshowers,privatecabins,andevenanawesometrailsystemasabonus!IncludedInYourRegistration●SupersoftcottonT-shirt●3daysofridingoffering9routeoptionsforalllevelsofriders●FridayandSaturdayridesofferreststationswithfoodanddrinksevery10-15milesaswellasSAGsupportduringtherideandtechnicalsupportatthestartoftherideprovidedbyHillCountryCycling.●Invitationtoafterparties:Friday-winerySaturday-TrailheadBrewPubOn-SiteRegistrationYouwillbeabletoregisteron-siteviapaperforms.Wewillacceptpaymentviacashorcreditcard.1.WhatmakesEasterBikeTourspecial?A.Differentroutesforridersofalllevels. B.Thevariedridingscheduleswithinaday.C.Thefixedstarttimeofthetour. D.Autumnlandscapesalongtheroutes.2.Whereshouldonegoifheintendstogocamping?A.Y.O.Hotel. B.SchreinerPark.C.RockingSquare. D.TrailheadBeerGarden.3.Whatcanpeoplegetafterregistration?A.Invitationtoafterparties. B.Dailytechnicalsupport.C.9daysoffreeriding. D.A100%cottonjacket.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本篇是應用文。本文介紹了騎行項目EasterBikeTour的相關信息。1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“Whatmakesthisrideuniqueanda‘mustdo’?”內容“thisrideoffersthreedaysofridingwithmultipleroutesforalllevelsofriders(這個騎行項目提供了三天的騎行，為所有級別的騎手提供多條路線)”可知，這個騎行項目的特點是給不同水平的人提供騎行路線。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“Whatmakesthiseventa‘festival’?”部分中“Prefertocamp?SchreinerParkhasbeautifulfull-servicesiteswithshowers,privatecabins,andevenanawesometrailsystemasabonus!(更喜歡露營？SchreinerPark擁有美麗的全方位服務場所，有淋浴，私人小屋，甚至還有一個很棒的步道系統(tǒng)作為獎勵！)”可知，想要露營應該去SchreinerPark。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“IncludedInYourRegistration”部分中“Invitationtoafterparties:Friday—winery;Saturday—TrailheadBrewPub(會后派對邀請：周五——酒莊；周六——TrailheadBrewPub)”可知，在騎行結束后參與者會被邀請去參加騎行后派對。故選A項。BRossMcLaren,a31-year-oldchemistryteacherfromKilwinning,Ayrshire,begandivingin2016.Hewasamazedbythesealife,butthehobbycansometimesbedepressingduetothequantityofrubbish.WhiledivinginScotland’ssealochs(海灣),RossnoticedasharpriseinlittersincetheCOVID-19lockdown,despitehisbeliefthatScotlandisoneofthebestplacesintheworldfordiving.“Iaccidentallyfellinlovewithdiving,andit’sgoodtoshowpeoplewhatishappeningunderwater,”Rosssaid.“SomeofthethingsI’veseenunderwateraredecadesold.Seacreaturesaremakingtheirhomesinlitter.Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit.”O(jiān)noneoccasion,hespottedwhathethoughtwasamagnificentjellyfish(牡蠣),onlytorealizeitwasaplasticbag.“Youcanunderstandwhyawhalethinksaplasticbagisajellyfish.It’sreallydisheartening.”Rossadded,“Ithinkithasgotworsesincelockdown.There’sageneralincreaseintheamountoflitterinthewater.Peopledon’trealizewhatanimpactitishaving.Itendtodoalotofdivingaroundthesealochs.”O(jiān)neupsettingimageshowedalobster(龍蝦)withplastictiedarounditsclaws(鉗子),suggestingithadbeencaughtandthrownbackintothewater.AccordingtoRoss,it’snecessarytoweighupthebenefitsofremovinglitterifithasasea-creaturelivinginit.Hesaid,“Theoceanlifedoesuselitterashabitat.Onthisoccasion,Ithoughtitwasbesttoleaveit,asitappearedthatthelobsterhadmadeititshome.Duringsomeofmyunderwaterexplorations,Ihaveseenthingslikecans,whichhavegatheredbitsandpieces.Thatiswhereitbecomesamoralissue.”4.WhathasbeenRoss’smainconcernwhilediving?A.Thecoldwatertemperature. B.Thepoorvisibilityunderwater.C.Thedangeroussealifeinthearea. D.Theincreasingamountofunderwaterlitter.5.WhatdoesRossmeanbysaying“Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit”?A.Peopleareunawareofthebeautyoftheocean.B.Peoplebelieveoceanpollutionwillresolveitselfovertime.C.Peopletendtoignoreproblemstheydon’tpersonallyexperience.D.Peoplebelievethatoceanpollutionmattersonlywhenit’svisible.6.Whydoestheauthormentionaplasticbagbeingmistakenforajellyfish?A.Toillustratehowwhalesinteractwithjellyfish.B.Toemphasizethebeautyofjellyfishintheocean.C.Tostresstheharmcausedbyplasticintheocean.D.Toshowhowseaanimalsconfuselitterwithfood.7.WhydoesRossconsidertheissueofoceanlitteramoralone?A.Becauseseacreaturesdependonlitterforsurvival.B.Becausehumanshavearesponsibilitytocleanuptheoceans.C.Becauseremovinglittercouldharmcreaturesusingitashabitat.D.Becauselitteriscausingpermanentdamagetotheoceanecosystem.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導語】本篇是記敘文。文章講述了31歲的化學教師RossMclaren在潛水時發(fā)現海洋垃圾增多的問題。文章反映了他對海洋垃圾問題的深切關注?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“WhiledivinginScotland’ssealochs,RossnoticedasharpriseinlittersincetheCOVID-19lockdown,despitehisbeliefthatScotlandisoneofthebestplacesintheworldfordiving.(羅斯在蘇格蘭的海湖中潛水時注意到，自新冠肺炎疫情封鎖以來，垃圾急劇增加，盡管他認為蘇格蘭是世界上最好的潛水地點之一)”可知，Ross最關心的是海洋垃圾的增多，故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段““Iaccidentallyfellinlovewithdiving,andit’sgoodtoshowpeoplewhatishappeningunderwater,”Rosssaid.“SomeofthethingsI’veseenunderwateraredecadesold.Seacreaturesaremakingtheirhomesinlitter.Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit.(羅斯說：“我偶然愛上了潛水，向人們展示水下發(fā)生的事情是件好事?！薄拔以谒驴吹降囊恍〇|西已經有幾十年了。海洋生物在垃圾中安家。如果人們看不見它，他們就不會關心它”)”可知，人們往往忽視那些他們看不見的問題，故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Ononeoccasion,hespottedwhathethoughtwasamagnificentjellyfish,onlytorealizeitwasaplasticbag.

“Youcanunderstandwhyawhalethinksaplasticbagisajellyfish.(有一次，他發(fā)現了一只他以為是巨大的水母，卻發(fā)現那是一個塑料袋。你可以理解為什么鯨魚認為塑料袋是水母)”可知，作者提到一個塑料袋被誤認為是水母是為了表明海洋動物是如何把垃圾和食物混淆的。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“AccordingtoRoss,it’snecessarytoweighupthebenefitsofremovinglitterifithasasea-creaturelivinginit.Hesaid,“Theoceanlifedoesuselitterashabitat.Onthisoccasion,Ithoughtitwasbesttoleaveit,asitappearedthatthelobsterhadmadeititshome.Duringsomeofmyunderwaterexplorations,Ihaveseenthingslikecans,whichhavegatheredbitsandpieces.Thatiswhereitbecomesamoralissue.”(根據羅斯的說法，如果垃圾里有海洋生物，就有必要權衡清除垃圾的好處。他說：“海洋生物確實以垃圾為棲息地。在這種情況下，我想最好還是離開它，因為這只龍蝦似乎把它當成了自己的家。在我的一些水下探險中，我看到過像罐頭這樣的東西，它們會收集碎片。這就是它成為道德問題的地方?！?”可以推斷出，垃圾中有海洋生物棲息，就有必要權衡是否移除垃圾，因為移除垃圾可能會傷害棲息在其中的生物，因此他認為這是一個道德問題，故選C。COnNovember20,2004,theAmericanpsychologistDanielKahnemanpublishedapaperthatexploredwhathascometobeknownasthe“framing(框架)effect”.Thiseffectdemonstrateshowpeople’sdecisionscanbeinfluencedbythewayinformationispresentedtothem.Kahneman’sexperimentshowedthatinmanycases,thewayaquestionorproblemispresentedcansignificantlyaffectthechoicespeoplemake.Theframingeffectcapitalizesonthefactthathumanthinkingisnotalwayslogical.Peoplecanbeinfluencedbyhowchoicesarewordedratherthantheactualcontentofthechoicesthemselves.Forexample,peopletendtoavoidriskwhenapositivepresentationispresentedbutseekriskswhenanegativepresentationispresented.Iftwoequaloptionsarepresenteddifferently—oneintermsofpotentialgainsandtheotherintermsofpotentiallosses—people’spreferenceswillshiftaccordingly.Inmoretechnicalterms,theframingeffectrequiresthatpeople’schoicesbeinfluencedbyunimportantaspectsofthecontext,ratherthanthelogicalcontentoftheoptions.Ifpeoplefocusonlyonthecontent,theframingeffectwouldgetsmaller.ButanewstudyledbyTverskyandKahnemanofferedaninterestingchangeonthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhenindividualsweremadeawareoftheframingeffectandtrainedtorecognizeit,theirsusceptibilitytotheeffectdecreased.Forinstance,participantswhoweretrainedtoidentifyframingtrickswerelesslikelytobeinfluencedbydifferentpresentationsofthesameproblem.Inafollow-upstudywith200universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofhowtrainingimpactedtheirdecision-makingprocesses.Didtheybecomemoreanalyticalandcarefulintheirchoices?Didtheylearntoignoreunimportantcontext?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthemainresponse.Mostfrequently,thestudentsreportedthattheybecamemoredoubtfulofhowinformationwaspresented.Somehow,thisdoubtledtoamorelogicalevaluationofchoices.AlthoughthestudiesledbyTverskyandKahnemanhavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialeffectsfordecision-makingandeducationarelarge.8.WhatisthemainpurposeofKahneman’s2004paper?A.Toexplainwhypeoplemakepoordecisions.B.Tostudyhowframingaffectsdecision-making.C.Toanalyzetheroleoflogicindecision-making.D.Tocomparedifferentdecision-makingmethods.9.Howdoesthiseffectinfluencepeople’sdecision-making?A.Byfocusingonlogicalcontent. B.Byenhancingtheiranalyticalskills.C.Byprovidingmoreaccurateinformation. D.Bychangingthewaychoicesarepresented.10.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Theindividualchoices. B.Thepresentationofoptions.C.Thedecision-makingprocess. D.Thesizeoftheparticipantgroups.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardTverskyandKahneman’sstudies?AUnclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“框架效應”這一心理學現象。實驗表明，人們的決策可以受到信息呈現方式的顯著影響。通過訓練人們識別這種效應，可以減少其對決策的影響。后續(xù)研究進一步探討了訓練是如何改變人們的決策過程及其潛在的廣泛影響?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“OnNovember20,2004,theAmericanpsychologistDanielKahnemanpublishedapaperthatexploredwhathascometobeknownasthe“framingeffect”.Thiseffectdemonstrateshowpeople’sdecisionscanbeinfluencedbythewayinformationispresentedtothem.(2004年11月20日，美國心理學家丹尼爾·卡尼曼發(fā)表了一篇論文，探討了后來被稱為“框架效應”的現象。這一效應表明，人們的決策是如何受到信息呈現方式的影響的)”可知，論文的主要目的是研究探討框架效應如何影響決策，故選B。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Iftwoequaloptionsarepresenteddifferently—oneintermsofpotentialgainsandtheotherintermsofpotentiallosses—people’spreferenceswillshiftaccordingly.Inmoretechnicalterms,theframingeffectrequiresthatpeople’schoicesbeinfluencedbyunimportantaspectsofthecontext,ratherthanthelogicalcontentoftheoptions.Ifpeoplefocusonlyonthecontent,theframingeffectwouldgetsmaller.(如果兩種相同的選擇以不同的方式呈現——一種以潛在收益的方式呈現，另一種以潛在損失的方式呈現——人們的偏好就會相應改變。用更專業(yè)的術語來說，框架效應要求人們的選擇受到環(huán)境中不重要方面的影響，而不是選擇的邏輯內容。如果人們只關注內容，框架效應就會變小)”可知，這種效應通過改變選擇呈現的方式影響人們的決定。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Inafollow-upstudywith200universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofhowtrainingimpactedtheirdecision-makingprocesses.(在對200名大學生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解訓練是如何影響他們的決策過程的)”可知，后續(xù)研究的重點是決策過程。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“AlthoughthestudiesledbyTverskyandKahnemanhavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialeffectsfordecision-makingandeducationarelarge.(盡管特沃斯基和卡尼曼領導的研究存在局限性，而且仍存在許多問題，但對決策和教育的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，盡管Tversky和Kahneman的研究有局限性，但它們對決策和教育的潛在影響是巨大的，所以作者對此的態(tài)度是支持的，故選D。DMostofusknowwhatitfeelsliketoblush(臉紅).Thefacebecomeswarmandred,andweexperienceself-consciousemotions,suchasembarrassment,shyness,shame,andpride.ItisperhapsnowonderthatCharlesDarwinreferredtoitas“themostspecialandthemosthumanofallexpressions”.Butwhydoweblush,andwhatarethemechanismsbehindit?Toanswerthesequestions,researchersinvestigatedblushingbylookingattheactivatedbrainareasinanMRIscannerwhilemeasuringthecheektemperature—anindicatorofblushing.Tocauseablushingresponseinacontrolledexperimentalsetting,theparticipantsattendedthelabfortwoseparatesessions.Duringthefirstsession,theywereaskedtosingdifficultkaraokesongs,andinthesecondsession,theywatchedrecordingsoftheirownsingingwhiletheirbrainactivityandphysiologicalresponsesweremeasured.Asexpected,theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsblushedmorewhilewatchingtheirownrecordingsincomparisontootherparticipants’recordings.Therelatedbrainareasweresomewhatsurprising.Blushingwasassociatedwithincreasedactivityinthecerebellum,anareamostknownforitsroleinmovementandcoordination(協(xié)調).Theresearchersalsofoundincreasedactivationintheearlyvisualareas,suggestingthatthevideosoftheirownsingingcapturedtheblushingparticipants’attentionthemost.Surprisingly,therewasnoactivationinareastraditionallyknowntobeinvolvedinunderstandingthementalstateofoneselforothers.“Basedonthis,weconcludedthatthinkingaboutothers’thoughtsmaynotbenecessaryforblushingtooccur,”Nikolicconcludes.“Blushingmaybeapartoftheautomaticexcitementyoufeelwhenyouareexposedandthereissomethingthatisrelevanttotheself.”Blushingitselfisveryinterestingbecauseit’suniversal.However,therearesomepeoplewhodevelopaphobiaofblushing,suchasthosewithsocialanxietydisorder.Whenweunderstandthemechanismsofblushing,wecanbettertargetthebadfeelingofblushingaswell.Asidefromthat,it’sinterestingtoknowmoreaboutblushingingeneral,sinceithappensveryoftenandisacommonpartofoureverydaylives.12.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthetwoseparatesessionsintheexperiment?A.Tomeasurefacialtemperatureduringblushing.B.Toanalyzethebrain’sresponsetoself-exposure.C.Tocomparebrainactivityindifferentsocialsituations.D.Tocauseblushingbycreatingembarrassingsituations.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutblushinginparagraph3?A.Itcanenhancepersonalattention. B.Itmayconnectwithself-exposure.C.Itactivatesvisualareasinthebrain. D.Itarisesfrommindingothers’thoughts.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phobia”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Fear. B.Interest. C.Habit. D.Anger.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Socialimpactsofblushing. B.Themethodstostudyblushing.C.Thehiddentruthbehindblushing. D.Effectivewaystoavoidblushing.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導語】本篇是說明文。文章介紹了研究人員通過實驗研究臉紅現象的機制及過程，包括實驗設計、結果和結論，以及臉紅現象的普遍性及其在社交焦慮中的影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Toanswerthesequestions,researchersinvestigatedblushingbylookingattheactivatedbrainareasinanMRIscannerwhilemeasuringthecheektemperature—anindicatorofblushing.Tocauseablushingresponseinacontrolledexperimentalsetting,theparticipantsattendedthelabfortwoseparatesessions.Duringthefirstsession,theywereaskedtosingdifficultkaraokesongs,andinthesecondsession,theywatchedrecordingsoftheirownsingingwhiletheirbrainactivityandphysiologicalresponsesweremeasured.(為了回答這些問題，研究人員使用磁共振成像掃描儀觀察激活的大腦區(qū)域，同時測量臉頰溫度（臉紅的指標）來研究臉紅現象。為了在受控的實驗環(huán)境中引發(fā)臉紅反應，參與者分兩次來到實驗室。在第一次實驗中，他們被要求唱難度較大的卡拉OK歌曲；在第二次實驗中，他們觀看自己唱歌的錄像，同時測量他們的大腦活動和生理反應。)”可知，實驗的目的是分析大腦對自我暴露的反應，故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Blushingmaybeapartoftheautomaticexcitementyoufeelwhenyouareexposedandthereissomethingthatisrelevanttotheself.(臉紅可能是當你暴露在某些與自我相關的事物面前時，你所感受到的自動興奮的一部分。)”可知，臉紅可能與自我暴露有關，故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第四段中的“Blushingitselfisveryinterestingbecauseit’suniversal.However,therearesomepeoplewhodevelopaphobiaofblushing,suchasthosewithsocialanxietydisorder.(臉紅本身非常有趣，因為它是普遍存在的。然而，有些人會對臉紅產生phobia，比如患有社交焦慮障礙的人。)”可知，患有社交焦慮癥的人會對所處情形產生恐懼，phobia意思是“恐懼”，與Fear“恐懼”意思相符。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Mostofusknowwhatitfeelsliketoblush(臉紅).Thefacebecomeswarmandred,andweexperienceself-consciousemotions,suchasembarrassment,shyness,shame,andpride.ItisperhapsnowonderthatCharlesDarwinreferredtoitas“themostspecialandthemosthumanofallexpressions”.Butwhydoweblush,andwhatarethemechanismsbehindit?(我們大多數人都知道臉紅是什么感覺。臉部變得溫暖而紅潤，我們體驗到自我意識強烈的情緒，如尷尬、害羞、羞愧和自豪。也許正因為如此，CharlesDarwin才將其稱為“所有表情中最特別、最人性化的”。但我們?yōu)槭裁磿樇t，其背后的機制是什么？)”可知，文章主要討論了臉紅時大腦的激活區(qū)域以及相關機制，這些都是臉紅背后隱藏的事實依據，“Thehiddentruthbehindblushing.(臉紅背后隱藏的真相)”符合題意。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MaintainingaHealthyWeightManyfactorscanaffectyourweight,includingyourgenes,age,gender,lifestyle,familyhabits,cultureandsleep.____16____Regardless,followinganutritiouseatingpatternandexercisingregularlycanhelpkeepyourbodyashealthyaspossibleasyouage.Readontolearnwhyweightmaychangeasyougetolder.Whydoesweightchangeasweage?Asweage,metabolism—howthebodygetsenergyfromfood—canchange.Thismeansthatsomeolderadultsmustbecomemoreactiveoreatfewercaloriestomaintaintheiridealweight.____17____Thiscanhappenifyouhavelessofanappetite,difficultyleavingthehousetobuyfood,painwhenchewingorswallowing.Whyshouldolderadultsmaintainahealthyweight?Maintaininganormalweightiscrucialforhealthyaging.Beingoverweightinolderadultscanleadtomorehealthproblems.Theseincludeheartdiseasehighbloodpressure,stroke,anddiabetes.____18____Howarefood,exercise,andcaloriesconnected?Stayingactiveandchoosinghealthyfoodscanhelpyoumaintainagoodweight,boostenergy,andreducehealthrisks.Choosenutrient-richfoodsandaimfor150minutesofexerciseweekly.____19____Yourbodyneedsacertainnumberofcalorieseachday,dependingonyouractivitylevelandotherfactors,tomaintainyourcurrentweight.HowmuchphysicalactivitydoIneed?____20____Aimforatleast150minutesofheart-pumpingactivityeachweek.Youcanbreakupthisoutoverthecourseofsevendays.Ifyoucan’treachthisgoalimmediately,beasactiveaspossible.Doingsomethingisbetterthannothing.A.Otherolderadultsmayloseweightunintentionally.B.Changeyourusualfoodsintohealthieralternatives.C.You’dbettertalkwithyourdoctorbeforeworkingout.D.Exerciseandphysicalactivityaregoodforjustabouteveryone.E.Someofthesefactorscanmakeithardtoachieveahealthyweight.F.Theenergyyougetfromthefoodsanddrinksismeasuredincalories.G.Losingweightormaintainingahealthyweightcanhelpdecreasetheserisks.【答案】16.E17.A18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了保持健康體重對老年人的重要性，解釋了影響體重的因素以及老年人體重變化的原因，并強調了通過健康飲食和定期鍛煉來維持理想體重的重要性，最終目的是減少健康問題的風險?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Manyfactorscanaffectyourweight,includingyourgenes,age,gender,lifestyle,familyhabits,cultureandsleep.(很多因素都會影響你的體重，包括你的基因、年齡、性別、生活方式、家庭習慣、文化和睡眠)”可知，上文提到體重受多種因素影響，因此可推知，這些因素中有些可能會使得保持健康體重變得困難，故E選項“其中一些因素會使你很難達到健康的體重”符合語境，故選E。【17題詳解】根據上文“Asweage,metabolism—howthebodygetsenergyfromfood—canchange.Thismeansthatsomeolderadultsmustbecomemoreactiveoreatfewercaloriestomaintaintheiridealweight.(隨著年齡的增長，新陳代謝——身體從食物中獲取能量的方式——會發(fā)生變化。這意味著一些老年人必須多運動或少攝入卡路里來保持理想體重)”可知，上文提到一些老年人需要變得更加活躍或攝入更少的卡路里，因此可推知，其他一些老年人可能會因食欲減退或其他原因而意外減重，故A選項“其他老年人可能會在無意中減肥”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據上文“Maintaininganormalweightiscrucialforhealthyaging.Beingoverweightinolderadultscanleadtomorehealthproblems.Theseincludeheartdisease,highbloodpressure,stroke,anddiabetes.(保持正常體重對健康衰老至關重要。老年人超重會導致更多的健康問題。這些疾病包括心臟病、高血壓、中風和糖尿病)”可知，上文提到超重會導致更多的健康問題，因此可推知，減重或保持健康體重有助于減少這些風險，故G選項“減肥或保持健康的體重有助于降低這些風險”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據上文“Choosenutrient-richfoodsandaimfor150minutesofexerciseweekly.(選擇營養(yǎng)豐富的食物，每周運動150分鐘)”以及后文“Yourbodyneedsacertainnumberofcalorieseachday,dependingonyouractivitylevelandotherfactors,tomaintainyourcurrentweight.(你的身體每天需要一定數量的卡路里，這取決于你的活動水平和其他因素，以維持你目前的體重)”可知，上文提到了選擇營養(yǎng)豐富的食物，后文提到了需要一定數量的卡路里，可知本句主要說明卡路里獲取的方式。故F選項“你從食物和飲料中獲得的能量是以卡路里來衡量的”符合語境，故選F?！?0題詳解】根據后文“Aimforatleast150minutesofheart-pumpingactivityeachweek.Youcanbreakupthisoutoverthecourseofsevendays.Ifyoucan’treachthisgoalimmediately,beasactiveaspossible.Doingsomethingisbetterthannothing.(目標是每周至少進行150分鐘的心臟跳動活動。你可以在七天的時間里把它分解。如果你不能立即達到這個目標，那就盡可能地積極。做點什么總比什么都不做強)”可知，后文提到每周需要至少150分鐘的能使心跳加速的運動，推測本句主要說明應該每周運動的原因。故D選項“運動和體育活動對幾乎每個人都有好處”符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Onasunnyautumnmorning,Emilyexploredthewoodsbehindhergrandmother’shouse.Theairwasfilledwiththesmelloffallenleavesandbirdsongs.Emilylovedvisitinghergrandmother,whosehouse____21____ontheedgeofthismagicalforest.Each____22____wasanadventure,filledwith____23____ofwoodlandcreaturesandhiddentreasures.Today,Emilywasdeterminedtofindtheoldoaktreehergrandmotheroften____24____.Thistree,accordingtohergrandmother,wastheheartoftheforestandhometocountlessstories.Asshewalkeddeeperintothewoods,thetreecoverabove____25____,castingspottyshadowsontheforestfloor.Emily’sexcitement____26____witheachstep.Afterwhatfeltlikehours,Emily____27____amassivetreewithroughrootsandatrunkso____28____thatitwouldtakethreepeopletoencircleit.Sheknew____29____thatthiswasthefamousoak.Itsbranchesstretchedoutlikewelcomingarms,andshefeltasenseofwonderand____30____.Emilysatdownatthebaseofthetree,feelingitsancientbarkunderherfingers.Sheclosedhereyes,lettingthepeacefulfeelingoftheforest____31____overher.Inthatmoment,shefeltconnectedtosomethingmuchlargerthanherself,atimeless____32____betweennatureandmankind.Asthesunbeganto____33____,castingagoldenlightacrossthewoods,Emilyknewshehadfoundher____34____,notingoldorjewels,butinthedeep____35____oftheforestandthestoriesitwhispered.21.A.hung B.sat C.moved D.shone22.A.lesson B.flight C.party D.visit23.A.books B.dreams C.ideas D.tales24.A.spokeof B.pointedat C.lookedfor D.thoughtabout25.A.disappeared B.opened C.thickened D.lowered26.A.grew B.lessened C.sank D.appeared27.A.planted B.spotted C.decorated D.appreciated28.A.narrow B.slim C.tall D.wide29.A.eventually B.gradually C.instantly D.absolutely30.A.respect B.frustration C.responsibility D.guilty31.A.take B.wash C.get D.hand32.A.conflict B.distance C.bond D.competition33.A.rise B.set C.hide D.burn34.A.secret B.passion C.treasure D.confidence35.A.impression B.freshness C.fancy D.calm【答案】21.B22.D23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了愛米麗去祖母房子附近的森林中找到祖母經常提到的老橡樹，找到以后愛米麗感到自己與比自己更偉大的東西聯(lián)系在一起，這是自然與人類之間永恒的紐帶?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：愛米麗喜歡去看望她的祖母，她的房子就在這片神奇森林的邊緣。A.hung懸掛；B.sat坐下，坐落；C.moved移動；D.shone閃耀。根據后文“ontheedgeofthismagicalforest”指房子位于森林的邊緣應用動詞sit。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每次訪問都是一次冒險，充滿了關于森林生物和隱藏寶藏的故事。A.lesson課程；B.flight航班；C.party聚會；D.visit拜訪。根據前文“Emilylovedvisitinghergrandmother”可知，這里指艾米麗每次拜訪。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每次訪問都是一次冒險，充滿了關于森林生物和隱藏寶藏的故事。A.books書籍；B.dreams夢想；C.ideas想法；D.tales故事。根據后文“Thistree,accordingtohergrandmother,wastheh