大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷69（共220題）

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷69（共9套）

（共220題）

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

Therearcthreekindsof^oals:slioil-lcmi,iiicdium-iaiigcandiuiig-lcrnigoals.Sliorl-

rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyona

dailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossible

months.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,

ourlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-

termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthen

addnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.The

intermediategoalsbulkonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymightdealwith

justonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveral

years.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecome

discouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefin

yourabilitytogrowandsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,your

motivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthe

future.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Wcshouldnever

allowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.

1、Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot.

A^ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

B>ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

C、ifwewritedownthedates

D^ifweputforwardsomeplans

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第一段指出ourlong-termgoalscannotamounttovery

muchvvithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoalso意為:長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是否有意

義，取決于我們是否打好了基礎(chǔ)，即是否完成了短期目標(biāo)。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

2、Newshort-termgoalsarebuildupon.

A^twoyears

B、long-termgoals

C、currentactivities

D、thegoalsthathavebeencompleted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第一段最后一句指出thenaddnewshort-lermgoalsthal

willbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted。由此可知.我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)已完成的目標(biāo)

來確立新的短期目標(biāo)。故答案為D。

3、Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,.

A、wewillwinfinalsuccess

B、wearcoverwhelmed

C、weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

D^weshouldhavestrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第二段指出Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforce

thebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed,即每完成一步。你就會(huì)更加相信你成長(zhǎng)

和成功的能力。故選項(xiàng)C正確。

4、Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,.

A、weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

B、wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

C、wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

D、wehavemadegreatdecision

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文最后兩句指出LifeisnolasiaticIhing.Weshouldnever

alIowalong-termgoaltoimitusorourcourseofaction.即人生不會(huì)靜【卜不變c我們

決不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓目標(biāo)束縛我們的手腳，限制我們的行動(dòng)進(jìn)程。由此可.知目標(biāo)不是固定不

變的，人們根據(jù)需要改變目標(biāo)。故選項(xiàng)B正確。

5、Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

A、thosewhohavelong-termgoalswillsucceed

B、writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

C>thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdestination

D、everyoneshouldhaveagoal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。短文主要講述了三種目標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)和作用，同時(shí)也指出了樹立

目標(biāo)的重要性。由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)該確立一個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選項(xiàng)D

正確。

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.Wcarepushingourkids

togetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetinto

thecollegeofourfirstchoice.I'vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,

somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundasaprize

demonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsession

ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobe

half-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronand

NicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbe

enoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschools

thanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighly

valuable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducation

anddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible,andmostlywrong.Wehaven'tfoundany

convincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon't

systematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwo

measures-professors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdo

slightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetime

earnings.Thegainisreckonedat2%~4%fbrevery100-pointincreaseinaschool's

averageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-

knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwent

elsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscount

morethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.

Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason

isthatsomanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonly

competition.Old-boynetworksarcbreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKrueger

studiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplain

whogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.So,parents,lightenup.Thestakes

havebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americais

acompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat,buttoomuchpushinesscanbe

destructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbut

mayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,

graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymay

havebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

6、Whydoparentsurge(heirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

ANTheyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.

B、Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren'schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.

C^Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.

D、Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第二段提到,Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthat

scarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable,即家長(zhǎng)讓孩子申請(qǐng)更多的學(xué)校，是因?yàn)?/p>

他們相信稀有的精英學(xué)歷一定更有價(jià)值。中請(qǐng)更多的好學(xué)校，被錄取的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)更

多，故選B。其中C選項(xiàng)很有迷惑性，申請(qǐng)更多的學(xué)校，主要是為了孩子可以進(jìn)

更好的大學(xué)，而不僅僅是有更多的選擇。

7、Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissions

wars?

A^Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

BNTheyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.

C、Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakean

application.

D、Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildren

themselves.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在大學(xué)入學(xué)這件事上，Wearepushingourkidsiogetgoodgrades,

takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofour

firstchoice,即家長(zhǎng)為了孩子可以進(jìn)他們?yōu)楹⒆舆x的學(xué)校，督促孩子拿高分、做簡(jiǎn)

歷等，可見家長(zhǎng)比學(xué)生還要在意這些事情，故選D。

8、WhatdoesKrueger'sstudytellus?

A、Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.

B、Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.

C>GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.

D、GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文中倒數(shù)第二段提到，AlanKruegerstudiedadmissionsto

onetopPh.Dprogram.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin；degrees

ofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't,即更高一些的GRE考試成績(jī)比好的大學(xué)更有說服

力,故選B。

9、Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege?

A^Kids'actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.

B、Kids'happinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.

C、Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.

D^Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。好的大學(xué)并不是以后孩子更好發(fā)展的籌碼，在實(shí)際工作中孩

子們的能力比他們的教育背景更加重要，故選Ao

10^Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat.

A、theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B、theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C、theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

D、theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文中最后一段提到，graduatesofhighlyselectiveschools

experiencedrnorejobdissatisfaction,即更好的學(xué)校教育使得他們?cè)诠ぷ髦袝?huì)經(jīng)歷更

多的不滿意，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

Manisendlesslyinventive.Buthisgreatestinventionisnon-invention,theskillof

transmittingintact（完美無損的）andunchangedfromonegenerationtothenextthe

fundamentalwaysofdoingthingswhichhelearnedfromthegenerationwhichpreceded

him.Childrenareconceivedandreared,housesbuilt,fishcaught,andenemieskilledin

muchthesamewaybymostofthemembersofanysociety;andthesepatternsare

maintainedforrelativelylongperiodsoftime.Fromtheperspectiveofthoseineachnew

generation,andforthesocietyasanenduring,historicalenlity（統(tǒng)一體），thisprocessof

culturaltransmissionyieldsenormouseconomy.Thankstoit,eachgenerationneednot

rediscoveratgreatcostintimeandsubjecttogreatriskoffailure,whatthosecoming

beforehavealreadylearned.Notonlyisknowledgethusconserved,butthebasisfor

communallife,restingoncommoninformationandunderstandingisthusestablished.

Sinceallthoseineachgenerationreceivemoreorlessthesameculturalheritagefromthe

precedinggeneration,theycanmoreeasilyrelatetooneanotherandmoreeffectively

coordinatetheiractions.Thegrandtotalofalltheobjects,ideas,knowledge,waysof

doingthings,habitsvalues,andattitudeswhicheachgenerationinasocietypassesonto

thenextiswhattheanthropologistoftenreferstoasthecultureofagroup.The

transmissionofcultureisman'ssubstitutefortheinstincts（本能）wherebymostother

livingcreaturesareequippedwiththemeansforcopingwiththeirenvironmentand

relatingtooneanother.Yetitismoreflexiblethaninstinct,andcangrow;thatis,itcan

storenewinformation,infinitelymorerapidlythantheprocessofmutationandbiological

evolutioncanenrichtheinstinctualstorehouseofanyotherspecies.

11Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A、Therelationbetweencultureandinvention.

Thetransmissionofhumanculture.

C、Thehistoryofhumancivilization.

D、Thebiologicalevolutionofman.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。通讀全文可發(fā)現(xiàn)，文中多處提到transmitting,cultural

transmission,thetransmissionofculture等關(guān)鍵詞。故選項(xiàng)B正確。

12^WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthemeaningofcultureaccordingtothe

passage?

A、Knowledgeofvariousdisciplines.

B、Productiontechnology.

C、Waysofliving,lifehabitsandvalues.

D、Biologicalinstincts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)短文第二段第一句Thegrandtotalofalltheobjects,

ideas,knowledge,waysofdoingthings,habitsvalues,andattitudeswhicheach

generationinasocietypassesontothenextiswhattheanthropologistoftenreferstoas

Ihecukureofagroup.可知選項(xiàng)A、B、C中提到的知識(shí)，生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，生活方式價(jià)值

觀念都屬于文化概念的范疇。而D選項(xiàng)biologicalinstincts不屬于文化范疇。故選

Do

13、Theword"heritage"asusedinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.

A、history

B、civilization

C、tradition

D、feature

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞匯題。艱據(jù)句子意思并且聯(lián)系上下文可知，可傳給下一代的并且與

文化有關(guān)的事物很可能是“文化遺產(chǎn)或傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗故選項(xiàng)C正確。

14、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,allofthefollowingstatementscanbeaccepted

EXCEPTthat.

A、manisalwaysinventive

learningfromtheprecedinggenerationsavesmucheffort

C、non-inventionisatechniqueoflearningskillsfromtheprecedinggeneration

Dxnon-inventinnisalwayscontrarytoinvention

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第一段第一、二句指出Manisendlesslyinvenlive.But

hisgreatestinventionisnon-invention,theskilloftransmittingintactandunchanged

fromonegenerationtothenextthefundamentalwaysofdoingthingswhichhelearned

fromthegenerationwhichprecededhim.由此可知選項(xiàng)A、B、C均符合文中表述，

故選D。

15、Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,theauthorimplies,butdoesnotdirectlystate,

that.

A、humanculturecanfurtherdevelopandgrow

B、biologicalevolutioncanimprovetheinstinctofcreatures

C^Culturetransmissionismoreflexibleandcangrowmorerapidlythaninstinc

D、theinstinctoflivingcreaturesmayalsogrow,butatamuchslowerpace

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:推斷題。短文最后一句Yetitismoreflexiblethaninstinct,andcan

grow；thatis,itcanstorenewinformation,infinitelymorerapidlythantheprocessof

mutationandbiologicalevolutioncanenrichtheinstinctualstorehouseofanyother

species.看出選項(xiàng)A、B、C表述的內(nèi)容都是作者明確指出的，而選項(xiàng)Dthe

instinctoflivingcrcaturcsmayalsogrow,butatamuchslowerpace作者并沒有明確提

出，只是一種暗示，故選D。

Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewell-knownEnglishclass

system.ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobe

ashamedof,thoughduringthepresentcenturyclass-consciousnesshasgrownlessand

less,andtheclasssystemlessrigid.Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadly

speaking,itmeanstherearctwoclasses,the"middleclass"andthe"workingclass".(Wc

shallignoreforamomenttheold"upperclass",includingthehereditaryaristocracy,

sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;butsomeofitsmembershavetherighttositinthe

HouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakesurprisinginterestintheirprivatelife.)The

middleclassconsistschieflyofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofall

kinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers.Themost

obviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middle-classpeopleuseslightly

varyingkindsof"receivedpronunciation"whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBC

announcersandtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworking-classpeoplespeakinmany

differentlocalaccentswhicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.Oneof

thebiggestbarriersofsocialequalityinEnglandistheIwo-classeducationsystem.To

havebeentoaso-called"publicschool"immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddle

class.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformallifethanworking-classpeople,and

areusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis"lunch"andtheyhavearatherformal

eveningmealcalled"dinner",whereastheworkingman'sdinner,ifhisworkinghours

permit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,latc-evcningmealiscalledsupper.Aswchavesaid,

however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeithasbeen

governmentpolicytoreduceclassdistinctions.Working-classstudentsverycommonly

receiveauniversityeducationandentertheprofessions,andworking-classincomeshave

grownsomuchrecentlythatthedistinctionsbetweenthetwoclassesarebecomingless

andlessclear.However,regardlessofone'ssocialstatus,certainstandardsofpoliteness

areexpectedofeverybody,andawell-bredpersonispolitetoeveryonehemeets,and

treatsalaborerwiththesamerespecthegivesanimportantbusinessman.Servility

inspiresbothembarrassmentanddislike.Eventheword"sir",exceptinschoolandin

certainoccupations(e.g.commerce,thearmy,etc.)soundstooserviletobecommonly

used.

16>Themiddleclassmainlyreferstopeople.

A、whowerebornasaristocrat

B、whohavetherighttositintheHouseofLords

C>whospeakinmanydifferentlocalaccents

D、whoareprosperousbusinessmenorwhoworkinsomeprofessions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出Themiddleclassconsistschiefly

ofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofallkinds.即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)主要包括富

有商人和各種專業(yè)人士。故選項(xiàng)D正確。

17、Themostobviousdifferencebetweentheworkingclassandthemiddleclassin

Englishistheir.

A、dress

B、work

C、accent

D、meal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段開頭指出Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemis

intheiraccent,故選項(xiàng)C正確。

18>Whyisn'ttheword"sir"commonlyusedinBritain?

A、Becauseitsoundstooservileandislikelytocauseembarrassment.

B、Becauseitcanonlybeusedinsomecertainoccupations.

C、Becauseitisanimpoliteword.

D、Becauseitshowsthatthespeakerisnotawell-bredperson.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文最后兩句提到Servilityinspiresbothembarrassment

anddislike.Eventheword“sir”，exceptinschoolandincertain

occupations(e.g.commerce,thearmy,etc.)soundstooserviletobecommonly

used.由此可看出“sir”這個(gè)詞聽起來顯得過于卑下，會(huì)引起尷尬和不悅，所以無法

廣為使用。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

19^The"upperclass"inEnglandtoday.

ANarcextremelysmallinnumbersothatmediapaysnoattentiontothem

B、stilluseoldwordslikesirintheireverydayliie

C、includethehereditaryaristocracy

D、referonlytotheroyalfamily

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段中間括號(hào)部分指出…由eold“upperclass”，including

thchcrcditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers...故選項(xiàng)C正確。

20、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheEnglishclasssystem?

A、ItisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople.

B、Working-classstudentscannotreceiveauniversityeducation.

C^Theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas.

D、Theclasssystemstillexistsbelowthesurface.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople可知選項(xiàng)

A符合文中表述；由theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas可知選項(xiàng)C符合文

中表述;由Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface可知選項(xiàng)D符合文中表述。而根據(jù)第

三段第二句Working-classstudentsverycommonlyreceiveauniversityeducationand

entertheprofessions可知出身工人階級(jí)的學(xué)生也非常普遍地接受大學(xué)薪育。選項(xiàng)B

與文章不符，故選B。

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第2套

一、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

UniversitiesBranchOut|A]Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshave

becomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyarethe

placeofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeans

ofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthe

sametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,information

andespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,

mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability|B]Inresponsetothesameforcesthat

havediiventhewuiIdecunuiny,uiiiveisilieshavebecomemureself-consciouslyglobal;

seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesand

values,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offering

coursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative

（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.[C]Ofthe

forcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacross

borders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeario

studyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5

millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfrom

developingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdeveloped

todevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthe

doctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnited

Kingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,

to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofall

undergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessors

inscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfaculty

membersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.[D]

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsin

anothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmus

programeachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutions

acrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsin

summerinternships（實(shí)習(xí)）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvard

haveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyor

internshipopportunity-endprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.[E]

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolves

sourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHoward

HughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthe

geneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghaiFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfaculty

colleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduate

studentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculties,post-doctors

andgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientists

frombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu'sYalelabismore

productive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinese

graduatestudents,post-doctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-class

scientistandhisU.S.team.|F|Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshas

consistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthe

mainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure（基

礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-based

scienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:Silicon

ValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBoston

haslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,

governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyin

Cambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareand

biotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.|G]Forallitssuccess,

theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.

Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomic

strength,butsupportfbrresearchfundinghasbeenunsieady.ThebudgetoftheNational

InstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythan

inflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpace

withinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,

butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefunding

attherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentper

year.[H]Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmore

foreignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternational

understanding.Adjustedtorinflation,publicfundingfbrinternationalexchangesand

foreign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.Inthewakeof

September11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberof

foreignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgein

enrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversity

andbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,but

theUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.[I]Most

Americansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation'swell-beingthroughtheir

scientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmerican

competitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthat

welcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,

theverybestofthemstayintheUnitedStatesand-likeimmigrantsthroughout

history—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnited

Statesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherishedvalueswhentheyreturn

home.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstruments

offoreignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcoming

internationaluniversitystudents.

1、InChina,manynewlyhiredmembersatgoodresearchuniversitieshavereceived

theirgraduateeducationabroad.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

2、MostAmericansworrythattheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillthreatentheir

competitiveness.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtostudyinAustraliahassurgedafter

September11duetochangesinthevisaprocessintheU.S.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、From1975to2004,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannual

rateof3.9percent.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

5、Intheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscience

andindustrialapplication.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

6、Thewaythattheresearchisdoneinuniversitieshaschangedduetoglobalization.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答室.F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露斤：暫無解析

7、WhenfbieigiisludenlsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbackLuiheii

homecountries.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、Nowadays,universitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、Mostpoliticiansrecognizeinvestmentinsciencecanimprovenationaleconomic

strength,buttheirfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10、Americanuniversitiesprovidetheirundergraduateschancestostudyorpractice

abroad.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomework[A]

Digitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocomplete

coursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsare

complainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat'sreplacing—andsometimesjoining一

expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecoursework

andsubmitassignments.|B|Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155

percourse-givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanies

likeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsas

textbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedto

studentsthroughuniversiiiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.[C]

Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos（觀念）of

thetextbookbusiness,andarcevenhar