Unit3TheWorldofScienceUsingLanguage語(yǔ)法課件高中英語(yǔ)

Usinglanguage

Unit3TheworldofsciencePresentperfectpassive現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)0,000peoplereadingmyblog!bIlovetophotographtherisingsun,…Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassage(P29)andanswerthequestions.a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyour

bookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedto

makereplacementheartsandboneparts.Q1.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Q2.Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.cIguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.dPeoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Comparethefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.presentperfectactiveformpresentperfectpassiveformGroup1Group2Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.【語(yǔ)法感知】觀察以下課文原句并思考黑體部分的功能與構(gòu)成:1.Iguessyou

havebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.2.Inaddition,importantadvances

havebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.3.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.4.I’vealsobeentoldthatyou’reaninventoryourself.5.Nothinglikethishasbeeninventedyet.【歸納填空】(1)句中黑體部分的共同特點(diǎn)是:___________________。

(2)黑體部分的動(dòng)詞和句子的主語(yǔ)之間皆為_(kāi)____關(guān)系。(3)句中黑體部分動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者明確嗎?_______。為什么?_______________________。have/hasbeendone被動(dòng)不明確因?yàn)椴恢阑驔](méi)必要說(shuō)出Presentperfectpassive現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)1.概念2.構(gòu)成3.用法4.注意概念:have/hasbeendone強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)Thedoorhasbeenlocked.(2)Theseflowershavebeenwatered,andyoucangohome.(3)Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn'tcleanitnow.1.肯定式：have/has+been+done2.否定式：have/has+not+been+done構(gòu)成:SevenbookshavebeenwrittenbyRowling.J.K.Rowlinghaswrittensevenbooks.Workershavenotbuiltthehousesinceyearsago.Thehousehasnotbeenbuiltbyworkerssinceyearsago.3.一般疑問(wèn)句:需將___________提到主語(yǔ)的前面。Hisbikehasbeenrepaired.Hashisbikebeenrepaired?4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)：提問(wèn)其他：have/has疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+been+done？(1)Whohasbeeninvited?(2)Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？【即學(xué)活用】

語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itisreportedthatmanyhouses__________________(destroy)bytheterribleearthquakesofar.

(2)Alreadythisyear,115measlescases_____________(report)intheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.

(3)____thesportsmeeting___________(putoff)untilnextFriday?

(4)Howmanypeople_____________(sent)intospacetillnow?

havebeendestroyedhavebeenreportedHasbeenputoffhavebeensent1.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與already，yet，never，recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar，bynow，uptill/tonow，since，before等連用。1.Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.2.Howlonghasthecarbeenrepaired?用法:2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。1.Mycompositionhas

alreadybeenpolishedagainandagain.我的作文已經(jīng)被反復(fù)潤(rùn)色過(guò)了。2.Thelostboyhasn’tbeenfoundyet.那個(gè)失蹤的男孩還沒(méi)有被找到。3.用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻已完成的動(dòng)作。即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.4.副詞的位置表示頻度的副詞，如often、usually、always、never、hardly、seldom等副詞，須置于have/has與been之間(1)Suchamanhashardly

beenbelieved.(2)Themachinehas

already

beenrepaired.2.Theteacherwon’tleaveuntilallthechildrenhavebeenpickedup.直到所有的孩子都被接走,老師才會(huì)離開(kāi)。1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,即have/has和been,兩者缺一不可。2.需要注意的是,并不是所有的動(dòng)詞或詞組都有被動(dòng)形式。如happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last,die,appear等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組就沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountryinthepast30years.過(guò)去30年我們國(guó)家發(fā)生了巨大變化。注意事項(xiàng):3.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。4.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)變換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)---將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.→Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof.5.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的句式（S+V+IO+DO），如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.例A：Themachinehasbeenrepaired.機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修好了。（說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響---修好了）例B：Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.機(jī)器昨天修了。（只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在昨天）6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況沒(méi)有影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果?！炯磳W(xué)活用】用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改寫(xiě)句子(1)Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.→Agoodplace_____________tobuildatempleinthevillage.

(2)Wehaven’tdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemyet.→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem_________________yet.

(3)Hehassentmeane-mail.→I_____________ane-mail.

→Ane-mail______________me.

hasbeenfoundhasn’tbeendecidedhavebeensenthasbeensentto課堂測(cè)評(píng)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thereport_______________(write)bytheexpertfortwodays.

2.Nobooks________________(bring)sincelastweek.

3.Thisnovel_________________(translate)intoseveralforeignlanguagesbynow.

4.Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomework_______________(finish).

5.Ican’timaginethechangesthat_______________(takeplace)inmyhometown.

6.Ourclassroom_______________(clean).Youneedn’tcleanitnow.

hasbeenwrittenhavebeenbroughthasbeentranslatedhasbeenfinishedhavetakenplacehasbeencleaned7.Thechild___________________(takecareof)bygrandmaalltheseyears.

8.PaulcametoChinain1990,and_________________(employ)inacompanyeversince.

9.Manyletters_________________(receive)sincelastweek.

10.I_______________(beat)bymyfathertwice.

11.Howmanysuggestions_______________(give)toyousofar?12.Itissaidthatthetemple________________(repair)sincelastyear.13.Tomyrelief，theproblem______________(solve)uptonow.hasbeentakencareofhasbeenemployedhavebeenreceivedhavebeenbeatenhavebeengivenhasbeenrepairedhasbeensolved14.Thispartoftheseabed_________________(explore)manytimes.15.Hissisterlefthomein1998，and___________________(not，hear)ofsincethen.

16.Theyoungtrees_____________(water)oftenwhilehewasstayinghere.17.Muchinformationabouttheseplanets____________(collect)theotherday.18.Thedictionariesareuseful.Theysellwelland__________(sell)outalready.hasbeenexploredhasn’tbeenheardwerewateredwascollectedhavebeensoldⅡ.完成句子1.Nothing_____________tomaketherivercleanagain.沒(méi)有采取任何措施來(lái)使河流再次變清。

2.Thewoundedboy___________________bythenursesthesedays.

這個(gè)受傷的男孩這些天一直被護(hù)士們照料著。3.____thebook______________intomanylanguages?

這本書(shū)已經(jīng)被翻譯成多國(guó)語(yǔ)言了嗎?4.Bynowmorethan500ConfuciusInstitutes_____________inmanycountriesandregions.

到現(xiàn)在為止,已在世界上許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)建立了500多所孔子學(xué)院。hasbeendonehasbeentakencareofHasbeentranslatedhavebeenfounded5.Howlong___theexhibition_________?

這個(gè)展覽已經(jīng)舉行多久了?6.Thehouse____________bymanyworkerssincetwomonthsago.

自從兩個(gè)月前,許多工人就開(kāi)始建房子。7.Thisbook_________________（introduce）tomanycountries.這本書(shū)已被許多國(guó)家引進(jìn)。8.Uptonownoconclusion_______________(reach)aboutwhothefirstprizeshouldgoto.到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有得出關(guān)于一等獎(jiǎng)應(yīng)該頒給誰(shuí)的結(jié)論。hasbeenheldhasbeenbuilthasbeenintroducedhasbeenreached9.Who_______________(help)bythenewcomputerinyouroffice?在你們辦公室誰(shuí)已經(jīng)得到了這臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助？10.Whatproblems__________________________(discuss)heldyesterday?在昨天的會(huì)議上討論了什么問(wèn)題？11.Morepatients________________(treated)inthehospitalsincelastyear.自去年以來(lái)更多的病人在這家醫(yī)院接受了治療。werediscussedatthemeetinghavebeentreatedhasbeenhelped根據(jù)提示運(yùn)用本課時(shí)所學(xué)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)填空。

Inthepastyears,ourlife1.___________(change)alot.Variousinventions2.__________(make)ourlifeconvenientandcolorful.Moderntransportationandcommunication3.__________(make)ourlifefasterandeasier.Manyhigh-risebuildings4.______________(build),makingourlifecleanandcomfortable.What’sthemostimportantisthatgreatchanges5._______________(takeplace)inpeople’sconceptoflife.Nowpeoplenotonlycaremoreabouttheirownhealthbutalsoourplanet’shealth.Inaword,thisisthehappiestlifewe6._________(live).

haschangedhavemadehavemadehavebeenbuilthavetakenplacehavelived以下情況一般使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Presentperfectpassive1.不知道或者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

Suchbookshavebeenwrittenforchildren.

（已經(jīng)為兒童編寫(xiě)這類(lèi)圖書(shū)了。）2.

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

Alltheseproductshavebeentested.（這些產(chǎn)品都經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)試了。）3.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很模糊。Theletterhasbeenopened.（這封信被人拆開(kāi)了。）4.有時(shí)為了禮貌的需要，避免說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Theyhavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.（已經(jīng)有人多次跟他們說(shuō)別那么大聲了。）PresentperfectpassiveRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.(P29)Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected.3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.(P29)1.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.2.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.3.Mytwolaptopshavebeenstolen.4.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.5.Thebookcasehasbeenopened,andsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothers

havebeenthrowneverywhere.6.Therobothasbeendamaged.Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers?2.Whatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefields?Aphysicistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithphysicsorwhostudiesphysics.Amathematicianisapersonwhoistrainedinthestudyofnumbersandcalculations.Achemistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithchemistryorwhostudieschemistry.Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiesthestars,planets,andothernaturalobjectsinspace.Ageographerisapersonwhostudiesgeographyorisanexpertinit.Abiologistisapersonwhostudiesorworksinthefieldofbiology.FamousscientistsinthesefieldsAlbert

EinsteinZuChongzhiKopernikNoun.-istNoun.-iansciencescientistartnovelpianosocietyartistnovelistpianistsocialistlibrarycomedyphysichistorymusiclibrariancomedianmusicianphysicianhistorianLearningtolearnWordsaboutdifferentcareersinsciencecanbeformedbyadding-er,-istor-ianattheendofthewordsaboutsubjects,egbiology-biologist.CompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsinActivity4.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.

(P30)astronomerGuoShoujing

(1231-1316)wasafamousChinese1

__________oftheYuanDynasty.Heinventedtwelvenewinstrumentstostu