2025年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題03 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（課件）（新高考）

2025高考復(fù)習(xí)03閱讀理解之推理判斷題2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測專

題目錄CONTENTS01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點突破·考向探究04拓展提升·新題精練六大考向，真題研析+核心精講+命題預(yù)測緊扣新風(fēng)向，設(shè)題新語境，聚焦重難點01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實進行推理判斷的能力2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全國甲卷6浙江卷1月1考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實進行推理判斷的能力2023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全國甲卷5全國乙卷8浙江卷1月4考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實進行推理判斷的能力2022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全國甲卷全國乙卷5根據(jù)新高考三年的考情分析，推理判斷題主要集中考查：引申推斷、目的和意圖、作者態(tài)度。有時考查文章出處、文章走勢、讀者對象、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作方法等。所有這些都是新課標(biāo)中明確指出的考試形式，我們都不能忽視，切勿掉以輕心。預(yù)計在2025年高考推理判斷題占50%以上的閱讀理解小題的比率。以考查引申推斷、目的和意圖、作者態(tài)度為主。02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點突破·考向探究考點一考查引申推斷題【典例】(2025年1月·浙江卷B篇)WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.考查推理判斷題根據(jù)文章第一段中的WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.（當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，我經(jīng)常被告知不要吃什么?！澳悴幌胱兣帧痹谖业耐晟钪胁粩嘀貜?fù)。這真的打亂了我與食物的關(guān)系——這是我花了好幾年時間才克服的。）。由此推知，作對自己的被喂養(yǎng)的方式持批評的態(tài)度。故選B。B關(guān)鍵詞句細推敲:第一步：——根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語)。第二步：——對原文中的信息進行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。

2.切勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。

定位細節(jié)

我是解題小能手

揣摩細節(jié)如何進行引申推斷根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容進行引申推斷得出推斷結(jié)果。引申推斷的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，推斷出文章中事實的結(jié)論，得出新的判斷；2.推理判斷的結(jié)論不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基礎(chǔ)上，通過邏輯推理得出的結(jié)論。思維導(dǎo)圖引申推斷的設(shè)問方式1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe?2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutfromthelastparagraph?3.Whatcanwelearnfrom?4.Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?錯誤選項的特點1.似是而非：只是對原文信息簡單重述，而不是依據(jù)文章提供事實依據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。2.夸大事實：對文章的事實或證據(jù)進行夸大；有時，選項內(nèi)容與原文一致無需推斷。3.推理過度：選項往往過于絕對化或片面化(以偏概全)，有時會出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語。4.摻入常識：根據(jù)考生已有常識是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。

引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。1．

：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點。2．

：理解相關(guān)信息點字面意義。3．

：進而理解作者的言外之意。

定位信息我是解題小能手

字面理解

深層理解考點二考查目的和意圖題【典例】(2024·新課標(biāo)I卷)Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯確信，隨著時間的推移，綜合療法會越來越受歡迎，如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對的:自1982年以來，美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個。)”可知，法伯認為綜合療法會越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個的例子，因此推斷美國整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會是為證明法伯的觀點。故選A。A如何判斷寫作目的和意圖如何判斷寫作目的和意圖目的意圖題的設(shè)問方式Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.

寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。

一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。考點三考查寫作態(tài)度題【典例】(2024·全國甲卷)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段的““Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機會?！?”可知，Ducke對SaintLukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。

A如何判斷觀點態(tài)度題觀點態(tài)度題的設(shè)問方式1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto? 2.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto?3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmaybestbedescribedas.

做此類題目必須透過文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點無非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂觀；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動詞來表達，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。這時需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。

注意熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。

有：supportive(支持的)；positive(積極的)；optimistic(樂觀的)；enthusiastic(熱情的)等。

有：negative(否定的，消極的)；ironic(諷刺的)；critical(批評的)；disgusted(厭惡的)；disappointed(失望的)等。

有：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；uninterested(不感興趣的)；objective(客觀的)；neutral(中立的)等。

褒義詞

貶義詞

中性詞

考點四考查描述人物或事件特征【典例】(2025年1月浙江卷)I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段中的“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.我一直在嘗試這些策略，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我限制時，它們確實會做出更好的決定?！笨芍?作者認為她采取的策略是可行的。故選C。C描寫人物事物特征的形容詞generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的;苛求的;費力的;要求極嚴(yán)的;難滿足的；impatient不耐煩的；outgoing外向的；easy-going隨和的；organized有條理的；modest謙虛的；optimistic樂觀的；cautious小心，謹(jǐn)慎的；caring樂于助人的;關(guān)心他人的;體貼人的；skillful熟練的;靈巧的;擅長于(at;in);制作精巧的；responsible負責(zé)任的；determined有決心的；modest謙虛的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒險的；cooperative有合作意識的；honest誠實的；capableadj.有能力的,有才能的；confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奮的；voluntaryadj.自愿的,主動的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiasticadj.熱情的描寫人物事物特征的形容詞experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗的；intelligent聰明的;智能的;有才智的;悟性強的;有智力的;grateful感激的；helpful有幫助的；talkative健談的；athletic運動型;體育運動的;健壯的；patient有耐心的；innovative創(chuàng)新的；tolerant忍受的；positive積極的；committed堅信的;盡心盡力的;堅定的；considerate體貼的；ashamed慚愧的;regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃驚的；satisfied滿意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震驚的；overjoyed過度高興的；pleased滿意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲傷的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤勞的；embarrassed尷尬的；proud自豪的；courageous勇敢的;無畏的；independent獨立的；sensitive敏感的如何判斷人物和事件的特征人物和事件特征的設(shè)問方式1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes?2.Accordingtothetext,whichwordscanbestdescribe?3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeaccordingtoParagraph...?4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkof?

把描述人物的性格特征的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。

預(yù)測每個詞需要和什么樣的事跡相對應(yīng)，這樣在考場上就能迅速地找到答案。對這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提供做題時間?？键c五考查文章出處【典例】(2023?新高考全國Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.【典例】(2023?新高考全國Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)(

)28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.推理判斷題根據(jù)第一段中“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”(《閱讀藝術(shù):書籍愛好者的藝術(shù)》是對一種日常物品——書籍的頌揚,在這本書中,書籍被來自世界各地博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品展示。)及下文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是對于《閱讀藝術(shù):書籍愛好者的藝術(shù)》這本書的介紹。由此可推知,本文可能取自對一本書的介紹。故選A項。A第一步：

，識別關(guān)鍵詞如,poster海報，travelbrochure旅游指南，journal雜志，instruction說明書,digest文摘，sciencejournal科學(xué)期刊等詞。第二步：

，特別關(guān)注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在應(yīng)用文中，還要重點關(guān)注小標(biāo)題。牢記選項詞。第三步：對文中信息及各類出處綜合特點進行對比分析，核對選項。

掃描題干

瀏覽全文如何判斷文章出處題“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來訪。

文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無處不在，英語閱讀理解也是如此。有時會考查微型海報、通知、啟示、時刻表、圖表等。

文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語性強、語言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。

旅游指南類

廣告英語類

課件展示類“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會提供超級鏈接標(biāo)志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.

文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實性。

文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。其重點是普及科學(xué)知識，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁類

新聞報道類

科普雜志類“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。

文章(abookreview)：書評、影評類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評論，寫作特色以及個人好惡等內(nèi)容。

研究報告類

圖書評論類考點六考查預(yù)測文章走勢【典例】(2023?全國乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.【典例】(2023?全國乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)(

)31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.推理判斷題根據(jù)文章尾句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it

snolonger‘uncool’forboystolikecooking.”可知,隨著越來越多的男廚師出現(xiàn)在電視上,男孩喜歡烹飪已經(jīng)不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下來作者可能會接著討論電視節(jié)目上的男廚師們。故選B項。B如何判斷文章走勢文章走勢的設(shè)問方式1.Whatwillbediscussedfurtherinthecomingparagraph?2．Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?3．Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscussnext?4．Wheredoesthearticlegonext?5.Whatwouldthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?

對事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行猜測推理。做此類題目時，務(wù)必把握作者的寫作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話。考點七考查寫作手法【典例】(2012?全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇)Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.【典例】(2012?全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇)68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples推理判斷題根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知：作者采用了舉例子的說明方法。比如：practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem和Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.D

在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中，“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同目的就是增強說服力，以更好的達到說理、說明的目的?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。寫作手法題解題指導(dǎo)類型:1、指文章的組織方式；2、全文或某個段落所運用的寫作方法。題目特點:Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?ThisadvertisementismademorebelievablebyTheauthorsupportshisviewbyHowdidthetwoprofessorsreachtheconclusionoftheirstudy?Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?寫作手法題解題指導(dǎo)byanalyzingdifferentcategories分析不同的類別analyzingthereasons分析原因classifying分類comparingdata比較數(shù)據(jù)comparingthestatistics比較統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)conductingexperiments進行實驗寫作手法題解題技巧根據(jù)"原文定位"來判斷先根據(jù)題干判斷是具體某段還是全文寫作手法，然后尋找標(biāo)志詞，找到答案。⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵作時間順序。標(biāo)志詞:in1920，inthe1940s⑦bymakingcomparison/contrast通過對比。標(biāo)志詞:but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications過分類。標(biāo)志詞:first.next.then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通過分析因果。標(biāo)志詞:Thatisbecause⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序。標(biāo)志詞:由近及遠，由外到內(nèi)考點八考查讀者對象【典例】(湖南、江西、安徽等地高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A)Writeaonereporttitled“TheBestBookIReadThisYear”andenteritintheBoys’Life2020“SayYestoReading!”contest.Thebookcanbefictionornonfiction.Butthereporthastobeinyourownwords—500wordstops.Enterinoneofthesethreeagecategories:8yearsoldandyounger9and10yearsold11yearsoldandolderFirst-placewinnersineachagecategorywillreceivea$100giftcardfromA.Second-placewinnerswillreceivea$75giftcard;third-placewinners,a$50giftcard.Everyonewhoenterswillgetafreepatchliketheoneonthispage.Thepatchisatemporarysign,soitcanbewornontherightpocketoftheScoutuniformshirt.Proudlydisplayitthereoronanotheritemsuchasavest,plaqueortrophy!Incomingyears,you’llhavetheopportunitytoearnotherpatches.ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders.Besuretoincludeyourname,address,ageandgradeinschoolontheentry.Sendyourreport,alongwithabusiness-size,self-addressed,stampedenvelope,to:Boys’LifeReadingContestS306P.O.Box152079Irving,TX75015-2079EntriesmustbepostmarkedbyDec.31,2020andmustincludeentryinformationandaself-addressed,stampedenvelope.【典例】(湖南、江西、安徽等地高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A)Whoarethecontestintendedfor?A．Allschoolstudents. B．Onlyteenagers. C．Boy’sLifereaders. D．Boystudents.推理判斷題根據(jù)第五段第一句“ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders(比賽面向所有《男孩生活》的讀者開放)”可知，該比賽面向所有《男孩生活》讀者。故選C。C如何解決讀者對象題？

做此類題目通常從文章內(nèi)容入手，明確所談話題及具體內(nèi)容，體會作者使用的語言適合于哪一群體，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點對號入座，從而得出正確判斷。讀者對象題解題指導(dǎo)1.【提問方式】1)Whoisthepassagewrittenfor_____?2)Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor_____.3)Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?4)Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor______.5)Whomightbemostinterestedinthispieceofinformation?6)Thepassageisprobablywrittenby________.2.【技巧點撥】

要理解短文內(nèi)容，特別是要從作者的措辭和語氣去判斷這篇文章是為誰而寫和哪些人寫的?？键c九考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)【典例】(北京卷·閱讀理解)Wilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(開發(fā))bringstosuchlandscapes(景觀)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavo