高中英語人教版必修 第一冊(cè)(2019)-CEC Club教材-修改版 公開課教案課件教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)資料

浙江省杭州第十四中學(xué)選修教材

CEC英語俱樂部

——演講的藝術(shù)

袁雅楠編

作者聲明

1、本教材著作權(quán)歸教材作者所有，未經(jīng)作者授權(quán)，任何組織或個(gè)人不得以任何形式對(duì)本

教材進(jìn)行出版、發(fā)行。

2、本教材供供浙江杭州第十四中選修課教學(xué)。

4、本教材存在的疏漏、錯(cuò)誤之處敬請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正，歡迎相關(guān)專家老師與作者聯(lián)系，共同參

與本教材的研究和完善工作。

刖百

本教材是由英語組袁雅楠老師編寫的CEC英語俱樂部演講的藝術(shù)選修類教材。

演講論辯修辭自古希臘時(shí)代起就一直是西方教育的重要組成部分。始于先秦時(shí)期的中國

修辭學(xué)盡管沒有形成西方修辭學(xué)研究中的演說和論辯傳統(tǒng)，但中國歷史上也并不乏“羽扇綸

巾，談笑間，橘櫓灰飛煙滅”的論辯大師。演講論辯修辭在中國和西方都有著很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性；

事實(shí)上，古往今來，從東方到西方，演講論辯的能力始終與個(gè)人的前途和國家的命運(yùn)息息相

關(guān)。古人云：片語可以興邦，一言可以辱國。西漢的劉向在《戰(zhàn)國策-東周》“秦興師臨周而

求九鼎”一文講述了東周的重臣顏鑫如何利用自己的智慧和口才維護(hù)了本國的尊嚴(yán)和利益，

正可謂：一人之辯，重于九鼎之寶；三寸之舌，強(qiáng)于百萬之師。

本教程以傳播學(xué)的基本理論和概念為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，詳盡地講解了演講所涉及的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)和步

驟。這些環(huán)節(jié)和步驟包括：克服怯場(chǎng)、選題立意、了解聽眾、論證觀點(diǎn)、巧用語言、撰寫講

稿以及排練演示等。本教程也專門介紹了各類演講的不同用途，如：傳播知識(shí)、雄辯說理、

激情勵(lì)志、引見致辭、頒獎(jiǎng)致辭、受獎(jiǎng)致辭以及競(jìng)技口才等。

本書適用普通高中學(xué)生使用，同時(shí)，對(duì)于英語語言演講和辯論專業(yè)初涉人員和演講技

術(shù)愛好者的學(xué)習(xí)和研究有一定的參考價(jià)值。

Content

Chapter1IntroductiontoPublicSpeaking1

1.1SpeakinginPublic1

1.2SpeakingConfidentlyandEthically5

1.3GivingYourFirstSpeech10

Chapter?SpeechPreparation:GettingStarted16

2.1Selectingatopicandapurpose16

2.2AnalyzingtheAudience20

2.3OrganizingtheBodyoftheSpeech22

2.4SupportingYourIdeas26

Chapter3PresentingtheSpeech29

3.1DeliveringtheSpeech29

3.2SpeakinginCompetitions33

Reference41

ChapterlIntroductiontoPublicSpeaking

1.1SpeakinginPublic

1.1.1ThePowerofPublicSpeaking

Throughouthistorypeoplehaveusedpublicspeakingasavitalmeansofcommunication.What

theGreekleaderPericlessaidmorethan2,500yearsagoisstilltruetoday:"Onewhoformsa

judgmentonanypointbutcannotexplain^^itclearly“mightaswellneverhavethoughtatallonthe

subject."PublicSpeaking,asitsnameimplies,isawayofmakingyourideaspublicofsharing

themwithotherpeopleandofinfluencingotherpeople.

Duringmodemtimesmanywomenandmenaroundtheglobehavespreadtheirideasand

influencethroughpublicspeaking.ThelistincludesMahatmaGandhi,EleanorRoosevelt,Winston

Churchill,NelsonMandela,RonaldReagan,MartinLutherKing,BillClinton,andBarackObama.

InChina,leaderssuchasSunYat-sen,MaoZedong,andDengXiaopingemployedthepowerofthe

spokenwordtochangethecourseofhistory.

Asyoureadthesenames,youmaythinktoyourself,"That'sfine.Goodfbrthem.Butwhatdoes

thathavetodowithme?Idon'tplantobeanationalleaderoraphilosopheroracrusaderfbrany

cause.^^Nevertheless,theneedfbrpublicspeakingwillalmostsurelytouchyousomethinginyour

life——maybetomorrow,maybenotfbrfiveyears.

Publicspeakingisaformofempowerment.Itcan—andoftendoes-一makeadifferenceinthings

peoplecareaboutverymuch.EvenifyouspendtherestofyourlifeprimarilyinaChinese

environment,youwillhaveneedforEnglishpublicspeaking.Tomentionjustafewsituations,you

mightgiveapresentationataninternationalconference,aproductdemonstrationtoglobebuyers,a

toastatadinnerinhonorofforeignguests,oratourofaChinesehistoricalsitefbroverseasfriends

orassociates.

Studyafterstudyhasshownthateveninhighlyspecializedfields,employersconsistentlyrank

theabilitytocommunicateatornearthetopoftheskillstheylookforwhendecidingwhomtohire

andwhomtopromote.Morethan90percentofemployeesatmultinationalcompaniesinAsia,

Europe,andLatinAmericabelievetheuseofEnglishis“critical"or"important”totheirpositions.

Inasurveyofnearly500businessadministrativepersonnelandprofessionalsinChina,speaking

andlisteningwererankedasthemostimportantEnglishskillsrequiredintheirjobs.Theabilityto

speakeffectivelyissoprizedthatcollegegraduatesinChinaareincreasinglybeingaskedtogivea

presentationaspartoftheirjobinterview.

Inshort,theneedforChinesestudentstohaveeffectiveskillsofEnglishpublicspeakingwill

onlygrowinfutureyears.Notonlywilltheseskillsbecrucialtoyourpersonalsuccessasyouwork

andliveinaworldshapedbyglobalization,theywillbevitaltoChina'ssuccessasitcompeteswith

othernationsoftheworldinthe21stcentury.

1.1.2TheTraditionofPublicSpeaking

Giventheimportanceofpublicspeaking,it'snotsurprisingthatithasbeentaughtandstudied

aroundtheglobeforthousandsyears.AlmostallcultureshaveanequivalentoftheEnglishword

“orator"todesignatesomeonewithspecialskillsinpublicspeaking.

TheoldestknownhandbookoneffectivespeechwaswrittenonpapyrusinEgyptsome4,500

yearsago.InclassicalGreeceandRome,publicspeechwasstudiedextensivelyandplayeda

centralroleinciviclife.Aristotle'sRhetoric,composedduringthethirdcenturyB.C.,isstill

consideredthemostimportantworkonitssubject.Overthecenturies,manyothernotableWestern

thinkershavedealtwithissuesofrhetoric,speechandlanguage.Inrecentyears,communication

researcheshaveprovidedanincreasinglyscientificbasisforunderstandingthemethodsand

strategiesofeffectivespeech.

TheearliestrecordofpublicspeakingpracticeinChinacanbetracedtotheBookofHistory

(Shangshu),whichexemplifiestwotypesofspeech:takingoath(shi)andimperialmandate(gao).

TheIntriguesoftheWarringStates(ZhangguoCe)recordshundredsofdiscoursesfromthe

WarringStatesperiod.DuringtheTangDynasty,severalnewpersuasivegenreswereintroducedby

ChineseBuddhists,includingsermonsandsutralectures.ThecurrentinterestinEnglishpubic

speakingisamanifestationofChina'slongtraditionofattentiontothediscursivearts.

1.1.3PublicSpeakingandConversation

Similaritiesbetweenpublicspeakingandconversation

1.Organizingyourthoughtslogically

2.Tailoringyourmessagetotheaudience

3.Tellingastoryforamaximumimpact

4.Adaptingtolisteningfeedback

Differencesbetweenpublicspeakingandconversation

1.Publicspeakingismorehighlystructured

2.Publicspeakingrequiresmoreformallanguage

3.Publicspeakingrequiresadifferentmethodofdelivery.

1.1.4TheSpeechCommunicationProcess

Asyoubeginyourfirstspeeches,youmayfindithelpfultounderstandwhatoccurswhenone

persontalkstoanother.Regardlessifthiskindofspeechcommunicationinvolved,therearcseven

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elementsspeaker,message,channel,listener,feedback,interference,andsituation.Hereweshall

focusonhowtheseelementsinteractwhenapublicspeakeraddressesanaudience.

Speaker

Speechcommunicationbeginswithaspeaker.Yoursuccessasaspeakerdependsonyouyour

personalcredibility,yourknowledgeofthesubject,yourpreparationofthespeech,yourmannerof

speaking,yoursensitivitytotheaudienceandtheoccasion.Butsuccessfulspeakingalsorequires

enthusiasm.Youcannotexpectpeopletobeinterestedinwhatyousayunlessyouareinterested

yourself.

Youcanlearnallthetechniquesofeffectivespeechmaking,butbeforetheycanbeofmuchuse,

youmustfirsthavesomethingtosay-somethingthatsparksyourownenthusiasm.

Message

Themessageiswhateveraspeakercommunicatestosomeoneelse.Yourgoalinpublicspeakingis

tohaveyourintendedmessagebethemessagethatisactuallycommunicated.Achievingthis

dependsbothonwhatyousay(theverbalmessage)andonhowyousayit(thenonverbalmessage).

Channel

Thechannelisthemeansbywhichamessageiscommunicated.Publicspeakermayuseoneor

moreofseveralchannels,eachofwhichwillaffectthemessagereceivedbytheaudience.

Listener

Thelisteneristhepersonwhoreceivesthecommunicatedmessage.Withoutalistener,thereisno

communication.

Everythingaspeakersaysisfilteredthroughalistener'sframeofreference——thetotalofhisorher

knowledge,experience,goals,values,andattitudes.Becauseaspeakerandalisteneraredifferent

people,theycanneverhaveexactlythesameframeofreference.Tobeaneffectivepublicspeaker,

youneedtotakeaccountofyourlisteners*framesofreference.Youmustbeaudience-centered.

Feedback

Feedbackreferstothemessage——usuallynonverbal——thataresentfromalistenertoaspeaker.As

aspeaker,youneedtobealerttothereactionsandadjustyourmessageaccordingly.

Interference

Interferenceisanythingthatimpedesthecommunicationofamessage.Inpublicspeakingthereare

twokindsofinterference.Oneisexternaltotheaudience-trafficoutsidethebuilding,people

conversinginthehall,aroomthatisstiflinghotorfreezingcold.Asecondkindofinterferenceis

internalandcomesfromwithintheaudience.

Asaspeaker,youmusttrytoholdyourlisteners5attentiondespitethesekindsofinterference.

Situation

Thesituationisthetimeandplaceinwhichspeechcommunicationoccurs.Certain

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situations■一funerals,weddings,graduationceremoniesrequirecertainkindsofspeeches.Physical

settingisalsoimportant.Itmakesagreatdealofdifferencewhetheraspeechispresentedindoors

orout.todenselypackedcrowdortoahandfulofscatteredsouls.Whenyouadjusttothesituation

ofapublicspeech,youareonlydoingonalargescalewhatyoudoeverydayinconversation.

Vocabularies:

ceremony儀式channel渠道，途徑

communication交流，交際interference干涉，阻礙

effective有效的feedback反饋

funeral葬禮internal內(nèi)部的

graduation畢業(yè)

Exercise:

Makeatwo-minutepresentationofself-introduction.

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1.2SpeakingConfidentlyandEthically

1.2.1BecomingaConfidentSpeaker

Inadifferentstudy,researchersconcentratedonsocialsituationsandagain,askedtheirsubjectsto

listtheirgreatestfears.Hereishowtheyanswered.

GreatFearPercentNaming

Apartywithstrangers74

Givingaspeech70

Askedpersonalquestionsinpublic65

Meetingadate'sparents59

Firstdayonanewjob59

Victimofapracticaljoke56

Talkingwithsomeoneinauthority53

Jobinterview46

Again,speechmakingranksnearthetopinprovokinganxiety.

1.Nervousnessisnormal

2.Dealingwithnervousness

a.Acquirespeakingexperience

b.Prepare,prepare,prepare

c.Thinkpositively

d.Usethepowerofvisualization

e.Knowthatmostnervousnessisnotvisible

f.Don'texpectperfection

g.Additionaltips

1.2.2BeinganEthnicalSpeaker

Ethicsisthebranchofphilosophythatdealswithissuesofrightandwronginhumanaffairs.

Questionsofethicsarisewheneverweaskwhetheracourseofactionismoralorimmoral,fairor

unfair,justorunjust,honestordishonest.

Guidelinesforethnicalspeaking

1.Makesureyourgoalsareethnicallysound

2.Befullypreparedforeachspeech

3.Behonestinwhatyousay

4.Putethnicalprinciplesintopractice

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1.2.3Plagiarism

1.Globalplagiarism

2.Patchworkplagiarism

3.Incrementalplagiarism

1.2.4Quotations

1.2.5Paraphrases

1.2.6PlagiarismandtheInternet

1.2.7Speechappreciation:

第三屆“21世紀(jì)杯”全國英語演講比賽冠軍一一梁勵(lì)敏

演說者介紹：

梁勵(lì)敏

北京外國語大學(xué)

梁勵(lì)敏，生于浙江杭州，畢業(yè)于北京外國語大學(xué)，

獲英語語言文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，研究生期間專攻方向?yàn)?/p>

美國社會(huì)研究。2002年進(jìn)入中央電視臺(tái)英語頻道采訪

組工作，所采寫的新聞獲得2003年全國新聞彩虹獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)。

專家點(diǎn)評(píng):引用文學(xué)大師的詩句作為開場(chǎng)白，與結(jié)束語首尾呼應(yīng),

頗有感染力。東西方文化的融合表現(xiàn)得十分鮮明，意味深長(zhǎng),

是篇優(yōu)秀的演講。

演說文章：

CrossingtheSea

Goodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.Thetitleofmyspeechtodayis"CrossingtheSea".

AnEnglishpoetbythenameofRudyardKiplingoncewroteinhispoem"WeandThey":

"AllthepeoplelikeusareWe

AndeveryoneelseisThey

Weliveoverthesea

WhileTheyliveovertheway

Weeatporkandbeefwithcowhom-handledknives

Theywhogobbletheirriceoffaleaf

Arehorrifiedoutoftheirlives."

Whentheselinesfirstcaughtmyeyes,Iwasshocked-howcouldtwopeoplesremainsoisolatedand

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ignorantofeachotherinthepast?Today'ssociety,ofcourse,isanentirelydifferentpicture.Those

peoplewhousedtoeatwithcowhorn-handledknivesmightbeveryskillfulinusingchopsticks,and

thosepeoplewhousedtogobbletheirricemightbeaswellhavetakentofishandchips.

Indeed,justtakeChinaasanexample:OurmodemlifehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternstyleof

livinginsomanywaysthatit'snolongersurprisingtoseeteenagersgoingcrazyabout

rock-and-roll,wholefamiliesdiningoutatMcDonald'sandevenratherelderlypeopledressedin

AppleJeans.

However,theseareonlysomeexpressionsoftheculturalchangestakingplaceinoursocietytoday.

Whatisreallygoingonisasubtlebutsignificantrestructuringofthenation*smentality.Justlook

around.

Howmanycollegegraduatesarereadytocompeteaggressivelyfbreveryjobopportunity,whereas

notlongagotheywereaskedjusttositidleandwaitforwhateverwastobeassignedtothembythe

government?

Howmanyyoungpeoplearenoweagertoseektoranindependentlifewhereasonlytwodecades

agotheywouldrelytotallyontheirparentstoarrangefbrtheirfuture?Askanyonewhoparticipates

intoday'sspeechcontest.Whohasnotcomewithawilltofightandwhohasnotcomedetermined

toachieveself-fulfillmentinwinningthegame?AndI'mquitecertainthatifConfuciushadlivedto

seetoday'sChina,hewouldhavebeenhorrifiedtoseeyoungloverskissingeachotherinpublic

placesinanunreservedexpressionoftheirpassion.

ItisthereforeevidentthatweasdescendantsofanancientEasterncivilizationarealreadyliving

understronginfluenceoftheWesternculture.ButitisnotonlyinChinathatwefindthe

incorporationofthetwocultures.

TaketheUnitedStatesasanexample:Duringthe1980s,infaceoftheoverwhelmingcompetition

fromJapan,manyAmericancompaniessuchastheFordbegantoadoptateamworkmanagement

fromtheirrivals,theessenceofwhich,layattheverycoreofEasternculture.

TaketheChineseacupunctureasanotherexample:Thistraditionaltreatmentofdiseasesisfinally

findingitswaytotheWestandhencetheunderlyingnotionthatillnessisresultedfromthe

imbalancebetweenYinandYangwithinthebody-anideawhichwouldstrikeanyWesterneras

incredibleinthepast!

LadiesandGentlemen,weliveinagreatepochwhentheglobalintegrationofeconomyandthe

informationrevolutionhavebroughtculturesoftheworldcloserthaneverbefore.Weliveina

particularerawhencountries,EastandWest,findthemselvesinneedofreadjustingtheirtraditional

values.Welive,atthesametime,atacriticaljunctureofourevolutionbecausesuchproblemsas

ethnicconflictsandregionalunrestareincreasinglyposingathreattothepeaceandhappinessof

thewholehumanrace.Tocopewithsuchaneraandtoembraceanevenbrighterfuture,wcneedto

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learntolivemoreharmoniouslyinaworldcommunitywhichisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.

Mydearfellowstudents,ourcommandoftheEnglishlanguagerendersitpossibleforustogainan

insightintoWesternculturewhileretainingourownculturalidentity.

Therefore,itisoursacredresponsibilitytopromotetheculturalexchangesandhencethemutual

understandingbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.

ItismyhappiestdreamthatthenewgenerationofChinesewillnotonlygrowupdrinking

Coca-ColaandwatchingHollywood,butalsobeblessedwiththefar-reachingbenefitsofmultiple

cultures;benefitsthatourforefathershadnever,everdreamedof.

Toendmyspeech,IwouldliketoquoteRudyardKiplingagain:

"AllthepeoplelikeusareWe

AndeveryoneelseisThey

Butonceyoucrossoverthesea

YouwillendbylookingonWe

AsonlyasortotlheyM.1'hankyou.

譯文:穿越海洋

女士們、先生們，晚上好。今天，我演講的題目是：《穿越海洋》。

英國詩人羅得雅德?吉卜林曾寫過一首詩，名叫《我們與他們》，其中寫道：

像我們的人是我們

其余的人是他們

我們生活在海這邊

他們生活在路那邊

我們用牛角柄的刀叉吃豬牛肉

吞吃粽葉包飯的他們嚇得要死。

第一次讀到這首詩，我很震驚——過去兩個(gè)民族何以如此疏離、彼此陌生?當(dāng)然今日的社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出完全不

同的情景:那些過去吃米飯的人們也開始喜歡吃魚和薯?xiàng)l。

的確如此，就拿中國來說，西方的生活方式已經(jīng)廣泛地影響了我們的現(xiàn)代生活，以致對(duì)于年輕人對(duì)搖滾樂

著迷，全家去吃麥當(dāng)勞，老年人穿蘋果牌牛仔褲，大家都己習(xí)以為常。

然而，這不過是我們當(dāng)今社會(huì)中所發(fā)生的文化變遷的表面現(xiàn)象而已，真正發(fā)生的卻是我們的民族心理開始

了微妙而又有重大意義的重建，大家只要看看周圍就會(huì)清楚。

不久以前，大學(xué)生還只是束手空坐，等待政府給他們分配工作;如今，又有多少大學(xué)生正在做充分準(zhǔn)備，為

爭(zhēng)取任何工作機(jī)會(huì)而激烈角逐？

20年前年輕人還完全依靠父母為他們安排未來，今天又有多少年輕人在急切地尋求一種獨(dú)立的生活?試問

今天參加演講比賽的諸位，誰不是帶著志在一搏的心情來到這里?誰不是鐵下心來贏得這場(chǎng)比賽以實(shí)現(xiàn)自

我?如今年輕人亳無顧忌地宣泄情感當(dāng)眾親吻，我確信，倘若孔子在世，他必被嚇壞。

很明顯，我們這些東方古老文明的后裔們?cè)缂荷钤谖鞣轿幕膹?qiáng)烈影響之下，然而出現(xiàn)這種異質(zhì)文化合

流的現(xiàn)象不止是在中國。

以美國為例，20世紀(jì)80年代，面對(duì)來自日本的強(qiáng)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力，許多美國公司如福特公司開始采用對(duì)手的

集體合作管理方式，而這種方式正是東方文化核心之精華。

再以中華針灸為例，這種傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)療方法以及這種療法的依據(jù)——即人體陰陽失調(diào)導(dǎo)致疾病最終得到西方

社會(huì)的承認(rèn)，而在過去，西方人還認(rèn)為這是無稽之談。

女士們，先生們，我們恰逢一個(gè)偉大的時(shí)代:全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、信息革命使得世界各種文化聯(lián)系比以往更加

緊密C

我們恰逢一個(gè)特殊的年代:無論是東方國家還是西方國家都意識(shí)到自身急需調(diào)整傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值。與此同時(shí)，我們

正生活在發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻:種族沖突,地區(qū)動(dòng)蕩正越來越威脅著整個(gè)人類的和平與幸福。如何對(duì)待這一時(shí)代,

擁抱更加燦爛的未來，我們需要學(xué)會(huì)在越來越小的世界大家庭中更加和睦地生活。

親愛的同學(xué)們，我們掌握英語，得以了解西方文化，與此同時(shí)，又不失本民族的文化特征。

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因此，促進(jìn)中國與世界的文化交流與相互理解是我們神圣的責(zé)任。

我有一個(gè)美好的夢(mèng)想，我夢(mèng)想中國的年輕一代不僅僅在喝可口可樂、看好萊塢影片中成長(zhǎng)，而且還受益于

我們的父輩所從未夢(mèng)想過的多元文化所帶來的深遠(yuǎn)影響。

最后，再次以羅得雅德?吉卜林的詩作為我此次演講的結(jié)尾：

像我們的人是我們

其余的人是他們

然而一旦你們穿洋越海

就不會(huì)再把我們

看做僅僅是他們。

謝謝C

Vocabularies：

critical決定性的，關(guān)鍵的ethnical種族的，人種的

juncture時(shí)刻，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)nervousness焦慮，緊張感

evolution演變，進(jìn)化，發(fā)展perfection完美，完善

ethnic種族的，部落的Paraphrase釋義，意譯

conflict沖突Plagiarism剽竊，抄襲

unrest動(dòng)亂，騷亂appreciation鑒賞，賞析

Exercise:

Makeashortspeechaboutthetopicoftheworldisbecomingsmaller.

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1.3GivingYourFirstSpeech

1.3.1Preparingyourspeech

Usuallyabriefintroductorypresentation,thefirstassignmentisoftencalledanicebreakerspeech

becauseitisdesignedto“breaktheice“bygettingstudentsupinfrontoftheclassassoonas

possible.Thisisanimportantstepbecausemuchoftheanxietyassociatedwithpublicspeaking

comesfromlackofexperiencegivingspeeches.Onceyouhavebrokentheicebygivingaspeech,

youwillfeellessanxiousandwillhavetakenthefirststepontheroadtoconfidence.

1.3.2Developingthespeech

Thereareanumberofpossibleassignmentsforthefirstspeech.Oneisaspeechofself-introduction

thatprovidesinsightsintothespeaker'sbackground,personality,beliefsorgoals.Inothercases,

studentsareaskedtointroduceaclassmate,ratherthanthemselves.

Nomatterwhichyouareassigned,besuretofocusyourpresentationsharplysoitconformstothe

assignedtimelimit.Oneofthemostcommonmistakesstudentsmakeontheirfirstspeechistrying

tocovertoomuchmaterial.Youshouldselectalimitednumberofpointsandillustratethemclearly.

1.3.3Organizingthespeech

Regardlessofyourtopic,yourspeechwillhavethreemainparts-anintroduction,abody,anda

conclusion.Yourfirstjobintheintroductionistogettheattentionandinterestoftheaudience.You

candothisbyposingaquestion,tellingastory,makingastarlingstatement,oropeningwitha

quotation.Thepurposeofallthesemethodsistocreateadramatic,colorfulopeningthatwillmake

youraudiencewanttohearmore.

1.3.4Deliveringyourspeech

Onceyouhaveselectedasubjectandorganizeintoaclearstructure,itistimetoworkonthe

deliveryofyourspeech.Becausethisisyourfirstspeechoftheterm,nooneexpectsyoutogivea

perfectlypolishedpresentation.Youraimistodoaswellaspossiblewhilealsolayingafoundation

youcanbuilduponinlaterspeeches.Withthisinmind,we'lllookbrieflyattheextemporaneous

methodofspeechdelivery,theimportanceofrehearsingyourspeech,andsomeofthemajorfactors

toconsiderwhenspeechdayarrives.

Speakingextemporaneously

Mostexpertsrecommendspeakingextemporaneously,whichcombinesthecarefulpresentationand

structureofamanuscriptpresentationwiththespontaneityandenthusiasmofanunrehearsedtalk.

Youaiminanextemporaneousspeechistoplanyourmajorpointsandsupportingmaterialwithout

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tryingtomemorizethepreciselanguageyouwilluseonthedayofthespeech.

Rehearsingthespeech

Thesmoothdeliveryistheresultofagreatdealofpractice.Asyourspeechcourseprogresses,you

willgainmoreexperienceandwillbecomemorecomfortabledeliveringyourspeeches

extemporaneously.

Forthisapproachtowork,youmustrehearsethespeechoutloud.Lookingsilentlyoveryournotes

isnotenough.Speakingthewordsaloudwillhelpyoumasterthecontentandlengthofyourtalk.

Onceyouhaveafairlygoodgraspofthespeech,askfriendstolistenandtogiveconstructive

feedback.Don'tbeshyaboutasking.

1.3.5Presentingthespeech

Whenitisyourturntospeak,movetothefrontoftheroomandfacetheaudience.Assumea

relaxedbutuprightposture.Plantyourfeetabitlessthanshoulder-widthapartandallowyourarms

tohanglooselybyyourside.Arrangeyournotesbeforeyoustarttospeak,ihentakeamomentto

lookoveryouraudienceandtosmile.Thiswillhelpyouestablishrapportwithyourlistenersfrom

thestart.

Onceyouareintothespeech,feelfreetouseyourhandstogesture,butdon'ttrytoplanallyour

gesturesaheadoftime.

1.3.6Samplespeecheswithcommentary

第三屆“21世紀(jì)杯”全國英語演講比賽亞軍一一芮成鋼

2001年，在瑞士達(dá)沃斯召開的〃世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇〃

(WorldEconomicForum)年會(huì)上，芮成鋼被提

名并授予“2001全球明日精英"(GlobalLeader

forTomorrow)稱號(hào)。

2002年，在美國美中關(guān)系委員會(huì)(National

CommitteeofUS-ChinaRelaiions)發(fā)起的

首屆"美中杰出青年論壇”(USChinaYoungLeaders

Forum)上，芮成鋼又當(dāng)選為首批24名

〃美中杰出青年”之一。

演說正文：

EastandWesthavemet東西方相聚

runner-up:RuiChenggang,ForeignAffairCollege

Honorablejudges,ladiesandgentlemen:

Kiplingsaid:"Eastiseast,andWestisWest,andneverthetwainshallmeet!'*Butnow,acentury

later,theyhavemet.

Theyhavemetinbusiness.Theyhavemetineducation.Theyhavemetinthearts.

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SomewouldarguethatthesemeetingsleaveuswithachoicebetweenEastandWest,butIbelieve

thebestfutureliesinthecreativecombinationofbothworlds.WecanmakeWesternideas,customs

andtechnologyourown,andadaptthemtoourownuse.Wecanenjoythebestofallworlds,

becauseourtraditionis.aboveall.oneofselectingthebestandmakingitourown.

But,doWesternstylesandvaluesthreatenouridentity?

Historymakesiteasyfbrustothinkso-perhapstooeasy.

SomepeopleseemtothinkthatadoptingWesterncustoms,suchasabridewearingwhite-whichhas

longbeenacolorofmourninginChina,insteadofthetraditionalChineseredforherwedding,is

anothersubmissiontoforeignintervention,—abetrayalofourheritage,theysay.

Theyfearthataswebecome"globalized",wewillnolongerbeChinese.

Idonotagree.

Historyteachesthatastrongandconfidentnationisateaseinhearingfromtheoutsideworld.

TheweddingofEasternandWesterncultures,whetherinwhitegownsorred,bringsusvariety.

Itisarichbanquetofspecialfoodsfromallovertheworld.

AsanamateurgourmetofChinesecuisine,oursuperbflavoursdelightme.

ButmyChinesetasteappreciatesfoodfromanyland.

IevenallowtheconvenienceofMcDonald'saplaceinmylifewithoutgivingupmygoodtaste.

MygrandfathertaughtmetohumtunesofBeijingoperafromthetimeIwasveryyoung;theyare

deepinmyspirit,partofmysoul.

IloveBeijingopera,becauseitalwaysremindsmeofwhoIam.

ButIamalsoafanofmodernpopmusic,theNo.lfanofSpiceGirlsoncampus.

ofcourse,itgoesfarbeyondfood,musicanddance.Itgoesintovaluesandwaysofthinkingabout

theworld.

Onceuponatime,orsomyteachertoldme,aChineseboyandanAmericangirlhadasquabble.

Bothwantedtokeepabunnyrabbittheyhadfoundinthegarden.

Surelyyou'veseenarabbitsunninghimselfinthegrass.

Nothingismorelovable,nothingmorenatural.Nowondertheywantedhim.

TheChineseboyplayedhiser-hu.Happinessandjoy,longingandpassion,filledtheair.Thelittle

rabbitswayedgentlyandbegantomovehisearsinthedirectionofthemusic.Helikedwhathe

heard.

Thegirlthentookoutherviolinandplayedittoproducebeautifulmelodiesofherown.

Therabbitbegantobounceinherdirection.

Sointentwerethechildrenontheirownmusicthatneitherpaidtheotheranyattention.

Thecompetingmelodiesconfusedthelittlerabbitandhedidnotknowwhichwaytoturn.Unable

toattractthelittlecreature,bothchildrengaveup;theywalkedaway,indifferentdirections,leaving

therabbitalone.

But,whatiftheylistened,whatiftheyreallyheardeachother'smusic,insteadofalwaysplaying

theirowntunes?

WhenIhearthemusicofaviolin,richwiththejoysofmenandwomenwhocametogetherand

sanganddanced...Ihearechoesofthemusicofthegrasslands,ofthehills,oftherivers...ofmy

ownnativeland.

Ismusicmineandyours,orisitours?

WhatIwanttohearistheer-huandtheviolinplayedtogether,inrhythmandintune.

Together,wecanproducenewandbeautifulmusic,richwithtexturesandsoundsthatcanonlybe

madeinharmony.

Therabbitsitsinthegrassintheever-warmingsun.Waitingfbrustoplay,waitingforthe

symphonytobegin.

Willhehavetowaitforever?Thechoiceisours.Thankyou.

參考譯文：

尊敬的評(píng)委、女士們、先生們：吉卜林說過，“東方是東方，西方是西方，兩者永不聚！”然而如今，在

一個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，東西方相聚了。

它們?cè)谫Q(mào)易中相聚，在教育中相聚，在藝術(shù)中相聚。

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有人爭(zhēng)論說這種東西方之聚，使得我們能夠在東西方中作出選擇.然而我相信最美好的未來在于東西方世

界的創(chuàng)造性的結(jié)合，我們可以變西方的觀念、習(xí)俗、技術(shù)為己所有，為己所用；我們可以享受兩上不同世

界之精華，總之，我們的傳統(tǒng)之一就是擇其精華，為己所用。

然而，西方的生活方式和價(jià)值會(huì)威脅到我們的民族特色嗎？

歷史讓我們輕易相信一一也許是太輕易地讓我們相信此說了。

有人似乎認(rèn)為彩西方習(xí)俗，比如新娘結(jié)婚穿白色婚紗，是對(duì)外國介入的屈服，是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)遺產(chǎn)的背叛，因?yàn)?/p>

按中國傳統(tǒng)，結(jié)婚新娘要穿紅色，而白色長(zhǎng)期以來代表的是哀悼。

這些人擔(dān)心一量我們變得全球化，我們也就不在是中國人了。

我不這樣認(rèn)為。

歷史告訴我們：一個(gè)強(qiáng)大自信的民族學(xué)起外面的世界易如反掌。

無論是穿白衣還是黑衣，還是東西方異質(zhì)文化的聯(lián)姻，都給我們帶來多姿多采的生活。

東西方異質(zhì)文化的聯(lián)姻是一席來自世界各地佳肴的盛宴。

身為中國菜的業(yè)余美食家，我喜歡民族的佳肴。

然而