江蘇專版2025版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題3閱讀理解第四節(jié)主旨大意題二文章或段落大意題學(xué)案牛津譯林版

PAGEPAGE1二、文章或段落大意題(2024·江蘇，B)Inthe1760s，MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad：thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon，ornoscent.Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables，”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。它主要通過引入現(xiàn)代餐館的鼻祖馬蒂蘭·羅茲制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)者對于餐館的探討來介紹現(xiàn)代餐館在經(jīng)營中影響食客消費的幾個要素：視覺要素餐具、燈光、聽覺要素音樂、嗅覺要素氣味、其他要素桌位、擁擠程度和價格。素材旨在通過現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營理念，讓考生了解西方現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營之道。58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段中的“...thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒覺得更飽，這說明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清晰自己多吃了多少，所以此處的nonethewiser是“不清晰，不知道”之意。故選A項。59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.”可知，當(dāng)演奏古典音樂而不是流行音樂的時候，食客們會花更多的錢。spentmore就是對題干中makemoreprofit的語意轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A項。60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.答案D解析段落大意題。依據(jù)最終一段首句中的“thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會打消你消費的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價格高——未必如此(指在某些人看來，這些不利因素未必不會帶來利潤的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對于餐館的常見的觀點是一種誤會，故選D項。一、文章大意題的題型解讀說明文、記敘文、爭論文三種文體涉及的不同話題如社會文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類，都會考查到文章大意類題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthispassage?(2)Thepassageismainlyabout.(3)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(4)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、文章大意題的解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，詳細(xì)段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解詳細(xì)段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就須要進(jìn)一步加工概括。視察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)支配，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開宗明義，提出主題，用細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來說明或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報道、說明文或爭論文通常采納這種寫法。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)后，歸納要點以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時再次點出主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在文中。寫作方式為：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)描述——歸納主題——進(jìn)一步說明。以下是找主題句的四個小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however，but，infact，actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識地重復(fù)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。三、段落大意題的題型解讀段落大意類題型多在說明文和爭論文中所涉及的各類話題如社會文化類、科普說明類等進(jìn)行考查。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.(2)Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?(3)Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.四、段落大意題的解題技巧eq\x(首尾兼顧知段意)↓(1)段首：說明文和爭論文中的主題句常在段首↓(2)段尾：先表述細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，后歸納概括，段落中心在段尾↓eq\x(關(guān)鍵點：抓住段落的主題句)↓(3)段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達(dá)的主題，然后陳述主題，再論述細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，即引出主題→段落中心→再論述↓(4)沒有明顯段落中心時，需概括段落內(nèi)容，總結(jié)段落中心例如：【真題感悟】中第60題，依據(jù)文章最終一段首句“Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會打消你消費的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價格高——未必如此(指在某些人看來，這些不利因素未必不會帶來利潤的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對于餐館的常見觀點是一種誤會，故選D項。A(2024·徐州高三模擬)Theageofadulthoodisbydefinition1arbitrary.Ifeveryonematuredatthesame，fixedrate，itwouldn’tbeahumanprocess.Indeed，maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacrossdifferentcategorieswithinthesameindividual，soI’dsayIwaseasilyoldenoughtovoteat16，butnobodyshouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32，andI’vegotthecountycourtjudgmenttoproveit.However，webroadlyagreethatthere’sadifferencebetweenachildandanadult，evenifwemightargueaboutthetransitionpoint.SothepoliticaltheoristDavidRunciman’sviewthatsix-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtovotegoesagainstanystandardargumentabouttheageofcivicresponsibility.Nobodywouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheldcriminallyresponsible，couldbesenttowar，couldbecapableofconsent，couldbegivenresponsibilityforanything.Soallowingthemthevote—alongwith，unavoidably，seven-year-oldswhoareevensillier，ifanything—isquiteanamusingproposal.10Runciman’sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife，whichiscurrentlytwistedinfavoroftheold，whodon’t(headded)everneedtodemonstratementalcapacity，evenlongafterthey’velostit.Thefirstpartofhiscaseisself-evident：pensionsareprotectedwhilechildren’scentersareclosed，conceptssuchassovereignty(最高權(quán)威)areprioritizedoverthefarmoreurgentbusinessofthefuture：climatechange.Nostalgia(懷念)forapasttheyoungwouldn’tevenrecognizeplaysacentral6role，whichiscompletelyunfair.Mostoftheargumentsagainstgivingsix-year-oldsavotearethatchildrenwouldendupvotingforsomethingdamagingandchaotic，ifsomeonemadeunrealisticpromisestothem，whichcouldneverberealized.Well，it’snotchildren’sfault.Havingsaidthat，childrendotendtowardstheprogressive，havinganaturalsenseofjustice(whichkicksinattheageofsixmonths，psychologistshaveshown，bycreatingscenesofgreatunfairnesstobabies，andmakingthemcry)andanunderdevelopedsenseofself-interest.Mykid，whenhewassix，madequiteaforcefulcaseagainst2privateproperty，onthebasisthat，sinceeverybodyneededahouse，theyshouldn’tcostmoney，becausenobodywouldwantanyoneelsenottohaveone.Also，foodshouldbefree.Itwasakindofpre-Marxcommunism，whereyoulimitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlythosethingsthatyouwouldn’tmindsomeoneelsenothaving.Onthat3particularday，whenwewereregisteredasvoters，mykidwasquitefartotheleftofme，butinthenormalrunofthings，we’reunited，whichbringsustothepointoftheproblem：childrenobeyyouonalmostnothing，buttheydoseemto7believeinyourpoliticsuntilthey’readolescent.Sogivingkidsthevoteisreallyjustawayofgivingparentsextravotes.Andwhatcanstopushavingevenmorechildren，oncethere’ssomuchenfranchisement(選舉權(quán))initforus?Now，ifparentscouldbetrustedtousetheirinfluencewisely，andhammerintochildrenthepoliticsitwilltaketoassureabetterfuture，thenIwouldn’tnecessarilyhaveaproblemwiththat，apartfrom，obviously，thatcultureisalreadywildlytwistedtowardsparents，andIcanimagineafewnon-parentsboilingwithfierceanger.Butthat’snotworthtalkingaboutanyway，becauseparentscan’tbetrusted，otherwisewe’dallalreadyvoteGreen(綠黨).Inshort：no，six-year-oldsshouldnotgetthevote；butwhilewe’rehere，ifanyvotescomeupinthenearfuture，whichwillhaveanimpactonthenextfivedecadesofBritishpoliticallife，alongsideEUmigrants，16-year-oldscertainlyshouldbeenfranchised.語篇解讀這是一篇爭論文。文章主要講了兒童成熟的速度是不同的，所以作者認(rèn)為允許兒童投票并不完全是荒謬的。1.Theauthorreferstohisageofadulthoodtoprovethat.A.peoplematureatdifferentratesinvariousaspectsB.there’sacommonstandardfortheageofadulthoodC.acreditcardismoredifficulttogetthanthevoteD.certainrightsaregrantedatdifferentstagesoflife答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，作者以他的成年年齡來證明人們在各個方面成熟的速度不同，故選A。2.PeoplerejectDavidRunciman’sproposalbecause.A.theydon’tthinkachildcangrowintoadulthoodearlierB.theyareuncertainwhetherchildrencanassumeresponsibilityC.theybelievechildrenarefarfrommatureinmanywaysD.theyknowtheagetogetthevoteisnottobequestioned答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段倒數(shù)其次句的內(nèi)容“沒有人會說一個六歲的孩子會被追究刑事責(zé)任，會被送上戰(zhàn)場，會有同意的實力，會被給予任何責(zé)任?！笨赏茢喑?，人們拒絕DavidRunciman的提議是因為他們認(rèn)為孩子們在許多方面還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠成熟，故選C。3.WhatisthebaseforDavidRunciman’sargument?A.Aculturalpreferencefortheold.B.Theimbalanceinpoliticallife.C.Inequalitiesofopportunity.D.Publicignoranceofchildren’sabilities.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Runciman’sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife.”及下文的說明可知，DavidRunciman的論點的基礎(chǔ)是政治生活的不平衡，故選B。4.Theauthortalksabouthiskidtoindicatethat.A.childrenaregood-naturedandliketohelppeopleinneedB.childrenaresimple-mindedandcanfallforanadult’strickC.childrenareinnocentanddon’twanttobeinvolvedinpoliticsD.childrenareinfavorofajustsocietyandtendtobeidealistic答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“Mykid，whenhewassix，madequiteaforcefulcaseagainstprivateproperty...Itwasakindofpre-Marxcommunism，whereyoulimitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlythosethingsthatyouwouldn’tmindsomeoneelsenothaving.”可推斷出，作者以他的孩子為例來說明，孩子們喜愛一個公正的社會，并且傾向于志向主義，故選D。5.Theauthorthinksallowingchildrenthevotemayleadto.A.twistedculture B.misuseofrightsC.parents’objections D.unusualmaturation答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Sogivingkidsthevoteisreallyjustawayofgivingparentsextravotes.”可推斷出，作者認(rèn)為允許兒童投票可能會導(dǎo)致權(quán)力的濫用，故選B。6.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?A.Allowingchildrenthevoteisnotaltogetherabsurd.B.Thereisadifferencebetweenadultsandchildren.C.Parentsshouldintroducepoliticstotheirchildren.D.Thedefinitionofadulthoodisquitecontroversial.答案A解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為允許兒童投票并不完全是荒謬的，故選A。B(2024·蘇州高三期中)Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itisnotthe8amazingcomplexityoftelevision，northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoiseswithourmouths，andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.①Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendtoforgetwhatamiracleitis.②Obviously，theabilitytotalkissomethingthatmarkshumansofffromanimals.Ofcourse，someanimalshavepowersjustasamazing.Birdscanflythousandsofmilesbyobservingpositionsofthestarsintheskyinrelationtothetimeofdayandyear.InNature’stalentshow，humansareaspeciesofanimalsthathavedevelopedtheirownspecialact.Ifwereduceittobasicterms，it’sanabilityforcommunicatinginformationtoothers，byvaryingsoundswemakeaswebreatheout.③Notthatwedon’thaveotherpowersofcommunication.Ourfacialexpressionsconveyouremotions，suchasanger，orjoy，ordisappointment.Thewayweholdourheadscan4indicatetootherswhetherwearehappyorsad.Thisisso-called“bodylanguage”.Bristling(直立的)furisanunmistakablewarningofattackamongmanyanimals.Similarly，the9bowedheadordroppingtailshowsareadinesstotakesecondplaceinanyanimalgathering.Suchameansofcommunicationisabasicmechanismthatanimals，includinghumanbeings，instinctively(本能地)acquireanddisplay.④Ifso，howdidhumanbeings5acquirethisamazingskill?11Biologistscanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofourbrainwherespeechmechanismsfunction，butthisdoesn’ttellushowthatpartofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.語篇解讀本文主要介紹人類擁有的語言實力是人類區(qū)分于動物的一個主要的特點，能夠讓我們向他人傳遞信息。7.Accordingtothepassage，thewonderwetakeforgrantedis.A.theamazingpoweroftechnologyB.ourabilitytouselanguageC.theunforgettablemiracleofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoiseswithourmouths，andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.”可知，這種實力就是我們的語言運用實力，故B項正確。8.Whichisthemostsuitableplacefor“Istheabilitytospeakjustanothersortofinstinct？”A.④B.③C.②D.①答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“Suchameansofcommunicationisabasicmechanismthatanimals，includinghumanbeings，instinctively(本能地)acquirethisamazingskill？”及后文中的“Ifso，howdidhumanbeingsacquireanddisplay.”可知，填在④處，承上啟下。故A項正確。9.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thedevelopmentofbodylanguageB.thespecialrolehumansplayinnatureC.thepowertoconveyinformationtoothersD.thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimals答案C解析主旨大意題。本文主要講解并描述的是人類擁有的語言的實力能夠讓我們向他人傳遞信息。故C項正確。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測畫線部分的意思1.Thechoiceofplayersfortheteamseemedcompletelyarbitrary.隨意的2.Liketheirchildren，parentsareoftendefensiveabouttheirprivatelives.私人的3.Sheisveryparticularaboutherclothes.挑剔的4.Thelastfiguressofarthisyearindicateariseof13.8%.顯示5.Hehasacquiredareputationasthiscountry’spremiersoloviolinist.獲得，得到(二)同義詞語替換6.Ratingsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinconsumers’purchasedecision.part7.Theyneedaleaderthattheycanbelievein.trust8.Itisreallyamazingthattheonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool.astonishing/surprising(三)一詞多義9.bown.點頭；鞠躬；弓；弓形物；蝴蝶結(jié)vi.點頭；鞠躬vt.低下頭(1)Aviolinisplayedwithabow.n.弓(2)InJapan，themorerespectyouwanttoshow，thedeeperyoushouldbow.vi.鞠躬(3)Ellaworeabowinherhair.n.蝴蝶結(jié)(4)Hemovedasideforherwithapolitebow.n.鞠躬Ⅱ.長難句理解10.Runciman’sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife，whichiscurrentlytwistedinfavoroftheold，whodon’t(headded)everneedtodemonstratementalcapacity，evenlongafterthey’velostit.[句式分析]本句是一個復(fù)合句，thatthisistheonlyway...為that引導(dǎo)的表語從句；在這個從句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。[精致譯文]朗西曼的論點是，這是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途徑，目前政治生活被扭曲為有利于老年人，他補(bǔ)充說老年人不須要展示自己的心智實力，即使他們早就失去了心智實力。11.Biologistscanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofourbrainwherespeechmechanismsfunction，butthisdoesn’ttellushowthatpartofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.[句式分析]本句是一個由but連接的并列句，在第一分句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，where引導(dǎo)定語從句；在其次分句中how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[精致譯文]生物學(xué)家們可以很簡單地指出我們大腦中的語言機(jī)制發(fā)揮作用的特定區(qū)域，但這并不能告知我們身體的那一部分是如何在我們的生物歷史中起源的。強(qiáng)化練(二十五)Ⅰ.單項填空1.Home-sharinginruralareashashugegrowthasmoreandmoreChinesetouristsaretravellingtovillagesforuniqueruralexperiences.(2024·蘇州高三期末)A.survival B.potentialC.interval D.approval答案B解析房屋共享在農(nóng)村有很大的增長潛力。potential潛力。2.Whenyou’redone，throwitallawayandyournewassignment.(2024·揚州高三期末)A.breakintoB.turnintoC.diveintoD.fitinto答案C解析句意為：當(dāng)你完成的時候，將它拋開，投入到你的新任務(wù)中去。breakinto闖入；turninto變成；diveinto鉆研，投入；fitinto符合，適應(yīng)。故C項正確。3.offensivenicknamesareseenasaformofbullyingatschool，nexttimeyouwanttocallsomeonebyitsnickname，weighitbeforeyoudo.A.Since B.UnlessC.Although D.Before答案A解析句意為：因為在學(xué)校，無禮的外號被視為一種欺凌行為，所以下次你想叫別人的外號時，肯定要三思而后行。此處是since引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句，故選A。4.—Ican’tunderstandwhyhesoangry.Imeantnooffence.—It’stypicalofhimtobesosensitive.A.musthavebeen B.shouldhavebeenC.mighthavebeen D.canhavebeen答案B解析句意為：——我不明白他為什么竟然這么生氣。我無意冒犯?！苊舾?，這是他的特點。should此處表示說話人的驚異，結(jié)合句意可知答案為B。5.—I’mgoingtoSyria.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourexperiencesthere?—.Let’sdiscussitoverdinner.A.Nevermind B.GoaheadC.Byallmeans D.Itjustdepends答案C解析Nevermind沒關(guān)系，沒關(guān)系；Goahead前進(jìn)，進(jìn)行；Byallmeans可以，當(dāng)然行；Itjustdepends看狀況而定。句意為：——我要去敘利亞。你能告知我你在那里的經(jīng)驗嗎？——當(dāng)然可以，我們邊吃邊談吧。結(jié)合句意可知答案為C。6.AcaseofsuspectedfoodpoisoninginNewYorkhasledto6highschoolstudentstohospital.A.beingsentB.sentC.sendingD.tobesent答案A解析句意為：紐約一個疑似食品中毒的案件已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致6名中學(xué)生被送到醫(yī)院了。leadto“導(dǎo)致”，其中的to是介詞，后面接動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：邏輯主語(6highschoolstudents)＋動名詞，因為students和send是被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動形式。故選A。7.MsMeng，CFOofHuawei，gotarrestedfornogoodreasoninCanada，causedgreatangerofthewholenationofChina.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what答案C解析句意為：華為財務(wù)總監(jiān)孟女士在加拿大無故被捕，引起了全中國人民的劇烈憤慨。此處是前面整個句子作先行詞，用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且作主語，故選C。8.—IwonderwhatmakeshimagoodEnglishteacher.—HeasavolunteerintheUKfortwoyears，whichhelpshimwithhisworkalot.A.hasserved B.servesC.hadserved D.served答案D解析句意為：——我想知道是什么使他成為一個好的英語老師?！谟隽藘赡甑闹驹刚撸@對他的工作幫助很大。這里指在過去某段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生過的事，在陳述一件過去的事實，所以用一般過去時態(tài)，故答案為D。9.Despitetheheavysnowoutsideyesterday，everybodyinthecompanytheirdailytasksasusual.A.broughtabout B.worriedaboutC.caredabout D.wentabout答案D10.Nicholaswasverykind，mercifulandgenerous.ThisisFatherChristmasisbasedon.A.where B.howC.what D.why答案C解析句意為：尼古拉斯特別和善、慈愛、慷慨。這就是圣誕老人的由來。本句為表語從句，從句中缺少on的賓語，故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AEPPortableHeaterWeallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPPortableHeater.Withoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworld，thenewEPheatsbetterandfaster，savesmoreonheatingbills，andrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideofEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.Withotherheaters，you’llnoticethatyougetsleepywhentheheatcomesonbecausetheyareburningupoxygen.TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenly，walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itcomfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaofafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEP，thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.TheEPcomeswitha3-yearwarranty(保修)anda60-day，noquestionsasked，satisfactionguarantee.Ifyouarenottotallysatisfied，returnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.Nowwehaveaspecialofferfor10days，duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfpricediscountandafreedelivery.Ifyouorderafterthat，wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.Takeactionrightnow!語篇解讀這是一篇廣告類閱讀。文章介紹了一種新型的便攜式暖風(fēng)機(jī)。與其他的暖風(fēng)機(jī)相比，它有許多優(yōu)點。作者寫這篇文章的目的是讓讀者買他們的產(chǎn)品。11.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A.TheheatoftheEP. B.ThesafetyoftheEP.C.TheappearanceoftheEP. D.ThematerialoftheEP.答案B解析段落大意題。由其次段的內(nèi)容可知，這種暖風(fēng)機(jī)不會引起火災(zāi)，且EP的表面不會燙傷孩子和寵物，明顯是在講它的平安性，故選B。12.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthattheEP.A.doesn’tburnupoxygen B.runswithoutanynoiseC.makespeoplegetsleepy D.isunsuitableforchildrenandpets答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.”可知，這種EP暖風(fēng)機(jī)是不會消耗氧氣的，故選A。B(2024·江蘇高三其次次百校聯(lián)考)I’m47yearsold.Twodaysago，yousentmeanemail，whichIdidnotanswer.Ididn’tanswerit，inpart，becauseIam47yearsold.Ialmostansweredyouremailbeforebedtime，whichiswhenIhaveoftenansweredemails.Mylaptopwasputonmybedsidetable.Myhusbandsatonhissideofthebed，andheleanedbackandaskedmeifI’dgivenanythoughttowhetherthechickenswouldneedtobekeptawayfromtheappletreesafterhesprayedthemwithsomethingtokeepthebugsaway.Wemovedontothechildren’smathgrades，thentothewaytheyjusttaketheirsocksoffandleavethem，insideout，nomatterwheretheyare.IlookedattheclockandsawthatitwasnotasearlyasI’dthought，notforalotofthings，andsoweturnedoffthelight，andIdidnotansweryouremail.Youremailsatamongemailsfrombossesandeditorsandorthodontistsallthroughthenextworkday.Mychildrenwereatschool，andIhadnotyetmanagedtowrite300wordsninemoretimes.Ithoughtaboutansweringyouremailintheafternoon，whilemyolderdaughterandIwaitedoutsidetheschoolforhersistertofinishapianolesson.Mydaughterprobablywouldnothaveminded.Sheisalmost13，andsometimes，whenshesitsinthehousetextingwhileItrytotalktoher，IsprayherwiththebottleIkeeponthecountertospraythecatswhentheystartscratchingthebackofthesofa.Icouldhaveansweredyouremailthen.Iadmitit.Wecouldhavesatthere，inpeacefulsilence，eachstaringatourphones.Ihadtimetoansweryouremail，andIdidnot.Isnuggled(依偎)myyoungestsonatbedtimethatnight，becauseheasked.Isnuggledhimeventhoughyouremailwascalling，andsomepartofmewantedtopullawayfromthetediumofbedtimeandreply.Replyingwouldhavefeltfreshandnew，whilebedtimefeltoldandstale.IwouldliketosayIsnuggledmysonanddidnotgiveyouremailonesinglethought，butthatwouldnotbetrue，anditwouldalsoberude，eventhoughitisastateofmindtowhichmanyofusaspire.Instead，Ihovered(懸停)somewherebetweenpresenceinthebedtimemomentandawarenessofyouremailandmanyothers.Ispendalotoftimeinthatgap，sometimesdraftingmentalresponsestoemails，whichIamlatersurprisedandsadtofindIhavenotactuallysent.ItispossiblethatIwillansweryouremaillater，inafewhours，orinafewyears，maybewhenIam57，andIwillbesohappytohaveyouremail.Wewilltradewords，andthosewordswillagainseemsorealtome，awholeworldinmylaptop，whereIlive，sometimes，becausethereissomuchthatisattractiveinthere，wheretimemovesfastandyetnevermovesatall.IwilltakemylaptopoutsideandIwillsitamongthetrees，listeningforthevoicesofchildrenwhoarenolongerathome，andIwillansweryouremail.ItisalsopossiblethatIwillnot—thatI，infact，willneveransweryouremail.Ifthatisthecase，ifthepeopleandtheplacesandthethingsaroundmestillpressuponmewithmoreurgencythanyouremailandsomanyothers，Ihopethatyouwillforgiveme.Ihavealreadyforgivenmyself.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述的是關(guān)于不回復(fù)郵件的種種緣由。)13.Whydoestheauthormentionchickensandthechildren’smathgrades?A.Becausedailyroutinestookupmostofhertime.B.Becauseshewastroubledbymanyunimportantthings.C.Becauseshewasmoreconcernedaboutherfamily.D.Becausesheoftenputoffansweringemailtillbedtime.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“askedmeifI’dgivenanythoughttowhetherthechickenswouldneedtobekeptawayfromtheappletrees...”和第三段中的“Wemovedontothechildren’smathgrades，thentothewaytheyjusttaketheirsocksoffandleavethem，insideout，nomatterwheretheyare.”可知，作者提到雞和孩子們的數(shù)學(xué)成果是因為她更關(guān)切她的家庭。故選C。14.Whatcanbelearntfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofherdaughter?A.Theauthorusedtoansweremailswhilewaitingforherdaughter.B.Theauthorwouldratherplaywithherdaughterthanansweremails.C.Theauthoranddaughterslikedtousetheirphonesalone.D.Theauthorregrettedthetimespentonthephone.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Mydaughter...IsprayherwiththebottleIkeeponthecountertospraythecatswhentheystartscratchingthebackofthesofa.Icouldhaveansweredyouremailthen.Iadmitit.Wecouldhavesatthere，inpeacefulsilence，eachstaringatourphones.Ihadtimetoansweryouremail，andIdidnot.”可知，作者寧愿和女兒一起玩也不愿回復(fù)電子郵件。故選B。15.Whattonedoestheauthoruseintalkingaboutansweringemailsaftersnugglingherson?A.Humor. B.Embarrassment.C.Apology. D.Happiness.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段中的其次、三、四句可知，作者用的幽默的語氣。故選A。16.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Learntoforgiveyourselffornotansweringemailsintime.B.Theworldoutsideissoattractivethatweshouldenjoyitnow.C.Iwillsurelyansweremailswithoutchildrenaround.D.Answeringemailsisathingofurgency.答案C解析段落大意題。依據(jù)最終兩段內(nèi)容尤其是倒數(shù)其次段中的“IwilltakemylaptopoutsideandIwillsitamongthetrees，listeningforthevoicesofchildrenwhoarenolongerathome，andIwillansweryouremail.”可知，作者肯定會在沒有孩子的狀況下回復(fù)郵件。故選C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·金陵、海安、南京外國語學(xué)校四模)Tothisday，Iremembermymum’sletters.Itall17inDecember1941.EverynightshewrotetomybrotherJohnny，whohadbeen18thatsummer.WehadnotheardfromhimsincetheJapaneseattackedPearlHarbor.Mumclaimedthattherewasadirect19fromthebraintothewrittenwordthatwasjustasstrongasthelightGodhasgrantedus.Shetrustedthatthislightwould20Johnny.Idon’tknowifshesaidthatto21hermindorallofours.ButIdoknowthatithelpedus22together，andonedayaletterfromJohnnyreallydidarrive.Johnnywasaliveonanisland.Ihadalwaysbeenamusedbythefactthatmum23herletters，“CeciliaCapuzzi”，andI24heraboutwhyshedidn’tjustwrite“Mum”.Ihadn’tbeenawarethatshe25thoughtofherselfasCeciliaCapuzzi，notasMum.Ibeganseeingherinanewlight，thissmall26yetstrongwoman.Weoftensatrecallingthedayswhenourfamilywasfilledwithlaughteroffourboys.Theyhadallmovedawayfromhometowork，enrolledinthe27，orgotmarried.Allexceptme.AroundnextspringMumhadgottwomoresonsto28.Littlebylittle，therumouraboutMum’sletters29.Onedayasmallwomanknockedatourdoor.Sheopenedherbagand30apileofairmailletters，beggingMumtoreadthemfromhersonwhowasasoldierinEurope.Mumreadthelettersonebyone.Thewoman’seyes31withtears.Afewdayslaterthewomanreturnedwithafriend，thenanotheroneandyetanotherone—theyallneededletters.Mumhadbecomethe32inourtown.“Allpeopleinthisworldareherewithoneparticular33，”Mumsaid.“34，mineistowriteletters.”Shetriedtoexplainwhyit35hersomuch.“Aletter36peoplelikenothingelse.Itcanmakethemcry，itcanmakethemlaughanditmakestheworldseemverysmall.Mydear，aletterislifeitself！”17.A.gathered B.disappearedC.started D.happened答案C解析gather聚集；disappear消逝；start起先；happen發(fā)生。句意為：事情要從1941年12月說起。故C選項切題。18.A.called B.draftedC.arrested D.trained答案B解析call呼叫；draft征兵