Grammar句子成分和基本句型課件-初高中英語(yǔ)銜接語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures初升高銜接——句子成分&基本句型

舉例成分I

saw

(thefat)

boy

Tom

crying

onthetrain

and

he

was

cute.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)↓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)↓主語(yǔ)↓系動(dòng)詞↓表語(yǔ)↓動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者動(dòng)作↓修飾限定↓動(dòng)作的承受者↓解釋說(shuō)明↓對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的拓展資料說(shuō)明↓動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)條件等↓連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句↓↓動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者↓聯(lián)系前后說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)特征身份等↓Sentenceelements

舉例成分I

can’t

tell

you

thestory

unless

you

can

make

me

happy.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓間接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)↓連詞↓賓語(yǔ)↓賓補(bǔ)↓動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者動(dòng)作↓間人↓直物↓條件句引導(dǎo)詞↓↓動(dòng)作的承受者↓對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的拓展資料說(shuō)明↓主語(yǔ)↓動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者↓謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作↓SentenceelementsIsmile.S(subject)V(verb)主語(yǔ)(subject)一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，置于句首。謂語(yǔ)(verb)由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，位于主語(yǔ)之后。S+V(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))基本句型1拓展：謂語(yǔ)Iloveyou.Shelookedathersistercuriously.Hewasfriendly.Youshouldcomealittleearlier.Hedoesn’tlikechemistry.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)類別例詞例句狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are,was,were)Hisfamilylifeisdifferentfrommine.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,remain,stayHealwayskeepssilentatmeetings.表象系動(dòng)詞appear,seemHeseemsverysad.感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelssoft.變化系動(dòng)詞become,get,go,grow,turnShegrewrichafterthat.終止系動(dòng)詞prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.拓展：謂語(yǔ)vt.

及物動(dòng)詞1.Ismile.S(subject)V(verb)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)賓語(yǔ)(object)一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，位于動(dòng)詞之后。vi.

不及物動(dòng)詞S+V+O(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ))及物動(dòng)詞：本身意義不完整，必須接賓語(yǔ)意義才能表達(dá)完整。不及物動(dòng)詞：本身意義完整，不需要再接賓語(yǔ)。基本句型2謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞vt.

不及物動(dòng)詞vi.拓展：謂語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞：本身意義不完整，必須接賓語(yǔ)意義才能表達(dá)完整。不及物動(dòng)詞：本身意義完整，不需要再接賓語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞vt.

不及物動(dòng)詞vi.IsmileS(subject)V(verb)infrontofyou.賓語(yǔ)？狀語(yǔ)？狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。它可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步或比較等。(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地點(diǎn))time(時(shí)間)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)S+V+IO+DO(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.S(subject)V(verb)IODO間接賓語(yǔ)(indirectobject)指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的間接承受者，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的方向（對(duì)誰(shuí)做）或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)（為誰(shuí)做）。直接賓語(yǔ)(directobject)是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接指向的承受者?；揪湫?1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.IODObringsb.sth.bringsth.tosb.give,send,show,offer,take,teach,tell,feed,sell,pass…(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.

Myfatherboughtawatchforme.buysb.sth.buysth.forsb.make,cook,leave,choose,order,draw,book,pick…表方向多用to，強(qiáng)調(diào)傳遞；表目的多用for，強(qiáng)調(diào)意圖?；揪湫?1.Ismile.(S+V)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.Myfatherboughtawatchforme.(3)Theoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.(4)Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughter基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.SVIODO4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行拓展資料說(shuō)明，由名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。(1)Theclassmadehimmonitor.(2)Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.(3)Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.(4)WeconsiderEinsteinagreatscientist.S+V+O+OC(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))make,keep,find,consider…基本句型44Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.SVOA6.Hediedinthehospital.SVA狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。它可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步或比較等。S+V(+O)+A(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(+賓語(yǔ))+狀語(yǔ))1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.(S+V+O+A)Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures6.(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地點(diǎn))time(時(shí)間)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)prepositionalphrase介詞短語(yǔ)nounphrase名詞短語(yǔ)adverb副詞infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Luosifentastesdelicious.SVP表語(yǔ)(predicative)表示主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)，位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。S+V+P(主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))連系動(dòng)詞(linkingverb)用來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)?；揪湫?objectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OCadverbiallinkingverbtime,place,reason,manner,degree,purpose,etc.S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+A/S+V+ApredicativeS+V+PobjectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OClinkingverbS+V+IO+DOpredicativeS+V+P拓展資料句型——therebe句型表“擁有”時(shí)用have：表“存在”時(shí)用therebe句型：Hehasanewcarandaboat.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Thereisatableintheroom.Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.就近原則ExerciseⅠWhatsentenceelementsarethepartsunderlined(S,V,O,C,A)(1)Itisraining.(2)It’sgreatfun.(3)Welikethisplace.(4)Theweatherisfine.(5)Wewillenjoythetour.(6)We’rehavingagreattime.(7)Wesawmanysheeponthefarm.(8)Let’smaketheworldmorebeautiful.(V)(SubjectC)(O)(S)(V)(O)(A)(ObjectC)Iwillgivethiscake___you.toImadeacake___yourbirthday.

forIwillbuyacupofcoffee____you.forIsendane-mail___you.toTheoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughterExerciseReadtheshortarticleandidentify(識(shí)別)thesentencestructureofeachunderlinedsentence.Todaymyfriendtoldmeafunnystory.Oneday,anAmericanwasvisitingaChineseman.Asthevisitorsawthehost’swife,hesaid,“Yourwifeisverybeautiful.”Thehostsmiledandsaid,“WhereWhere”ThissurprisedtheAmericanverymuch,butstillheanswered,“Eyes,hair,nose.”O(jiān)fcoursethehostfoundtheanswerabitpuzzling.Weknowthatculturaldifferencesinlanguagescausedtheconfusion(困惑).“WhereWhere”inChineseisakindofhumble(謙虛的)expression,buttheAmericanunderstooditas“Whichpartsofthebody”②()③()④()⑤()⑥()⑦()⑧()⑨()S+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+VS+V+OS+V+O+O