中考英語閱讀理解單元測試(含解析) (二)

中考英語閱讀理解單元測試（含解析）（2）

一、中考英語閱讀理解（含答案詳細解析）

1.閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

OnMarch10,2019,eight-year-oldTaniwontheNewYorkChessChampionship（紐約象棋冠

軍賽）ofhisagegroup.Buttheboy,whowashomelessatthetime,beganlearningthegame

lessthanayearago.

TaniandhisfamilyarrivedinNewYorkCityfromAfricair2017.Achurchhelpedhimenterthe

primaryschool,P.S,116.Herethegiftedboywasfirstintroducedtochessbyapart-timeteacher

Makofsky,ownerofachessclub.Interestedinthegame,theseven-year-oldaskedhismotherto

allowhimtojointheclub.Notabletoaffordthechessclasses,sheemailedMakofsky.Toher

surpriseandjoy,MakofskyagreedthatTanicouldlearnitforfree.

Thoughthechessclubhelps,it'slargelybelievedthatTani'ssuccessliesinhishardwork.The

boypracticesthegameformanyhoursadayonthefloorwithhisboard.EverySaturday.Tani

goestoafree3-hourclasstoimprovehisgameskills.

Notsurprisingly,Tani'sstory,firstreportedbyTheNewYorkTimes,hasbroughthimgreat

supportfromtheAmericanpublic.SoonaftertheyoungboywontheNewYorkChampionship,

MakofskybeganaGoFundMeactivityforTaniandhisfamilysothathecouldcontinuehischess

journey.Itraised$200,000injusttendays,farmorethantheyexpected.Andthemoneykeeps

coming,Butthefamilydonates（捐贈）mostofthemoneytothechurchandtothosepoor

families.

TanihasalsoreceivedoffersfromthreefamousprivateschoolsinNewYork.However;the

familyhavepolitelyrefusedallofthemandchosentocontinueTani'seducationatP.S.116.

Theyoungboy'sstoryalsocaughttheeyeofBillClinton,the42ndUSPresident."Tani,you're

anexampleofawinningspirit-inchessandinlife.I'dlovetomeetyou,"hesaidonhis

Facebook.

Whileexcitedabouthisnewlife,Taniisreadytomeetgreatchallenges（招K戰(zhàn)）.Heisbusy

preparingforthe2019NatonalPrimaryChampionships.Winningthecompetitionwillbringthe

chessplayerclosertohisdreamofbecomingtheworld'syoungestchessgrandmaster（大師）.

Therecordhasbeenkeptfor17yearsbytheRussianchessplayerKarjakin,whowonthetitleat

theageof12.

（1）Tanibegantolearnchessattheageof.

A.sevenB.eightC.nineD.twelve

（2）Paragraph3ismainlyabout.

A.whereTanipractiseschessB.howhardTaniworksatchess

C.whatTani'smotherdoesforhimD.howmuchthechessclubhelps

(3)AfterwinningtheNewYorkChampionship,Tani.

A.hopedtoseeBillClintonB.wenttoafamousprivateschool

C.becametherichestboyinNewYorkD.gotmuchsupportfromthesociety

(4)ThewritermentionstheRussianchessplayerKarjakinto.

A.callonyoungpeopletolearnchess

R.intrnducphi,gritachipvpmpntsinchpqq

C.showit'sabigchallengeforTanitorealizehisdream

D.tellpeopleTanihasbeentheworld'sbestchessplayer

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)D

(4)C

【解析】【分析】短文大意：這篇短文講的是八歲的男孩Tdni在2019年3月10口獲得紐約

象棋冠軍。2017年他和家人從非洲來到紐約市。在教主的幫助下進入P.S.116小學(xué)。在這里

他被介紹給一個象棋俱樂部的主人，由于付不起學(xué)費，他媽媽給Makofsky寫信，結(jié)果

Makofsky同意Tani免費學(xué)習(xí)。由于學(xué)習(xí)努力他獲得了冠軍。他的故事被紐約時報報道，人

們給他捐了$200,000美元。但是他的家人把這些錢的大部分給了教堂和那些貧困的家庭。紐

約很多著名的私立學(xué)校讓他去上學(xué)但是他決絕了，繼續(xù)在PS116小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。他的故事被每

個的42屆總統(tǒng)比爾克林的知曉，他說"希望能見到你〃。當(dāng)他對新生活很激動時，他準備接

受新的挑戰(zhàn)。他希望成為世界上最年輕的象棋大師。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OnMarch10,2019,eight-year-oldTaniwontheNewYorkChess

Championship(紐約象棋冠軍賽)ofhisagegroup.^11TaniandhisfamilyarrivedinNewYork

CityfromAfricain2017.Achurchhelpedhimentertheprimaryschool,P.S,116.Herethegifted

boywasfirstintroducedtochessbyapart-timeteacherMakofsky,ownerofachessclub.可知

Tani在七歲的時候開始練象棋,故選A。

(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Theboypracticesthegameformanyhoursadayonthefloorwi:hhis

board.EverySaturday,Tanigoestoafree3-hourclasstoimprovehisgameskills.可知Tani練習(xí)

象棋很辛苦的。故選丸

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Notsurprisingly,Tani'sstory,firstreportedbyTheNewYorkTimes,has

broughthimgreatsupportfromtheAmericanpublic.可知在獲得紐約競標賽冠軍后，他得到了

很多來自社會的幫助，故選D。

(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Whileexcitedabouthisnewlife,Taniisreadytomeetgreatchallenges

(挑戰(zhàn)).Winningthecompetitionwillbringthechessplayerclosertohisdreamofbeccming

theworld'syoungestchessgrandmaster（大師）.Therecordhasbeenkeptfor17yearsbythe

RussianchessplayerKarjakin,whowonthetitleattheageof12.因為俄羅斯的象棋選手也是是

很小年紀成為象棋大師的，并且這個記錄保持了"年，可知Tani要想成為年級最小的象棋

大師有很多的挑戰(zhàn)。故選配

【點評】此題考查閱讀理解。對于推理判斷題，要根據(jù)文章的細節(jié)，仔細閱讀。理解細節(jié)內(nèi)

容，推理判斷，得出止確答案。對「細節(jié)理解題可直接從短文的細節(jié)中找出問題答案。

九閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、R、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

OnApril26,2017,abigChineseshipcaughttheeyesofthewholeworld.China'sfirst

homemadeaircraftcarrier(航空母艦)hitthewaterinDalian,Liaoning.

ThenewbigshipisChina'ssecondaircra代carrier.ItwasdesignedinChinaandbuiltinChina,

too.Itisabout315meterslongand75meterswide.Thatisabitlargerthanthreesoccerfields.

Anaircraftcarrierislikeanairportonthesea.Itcancarryplanesandtroopstowar.Planesfly

fromthecarrierandlandbackonit,andsoldiersworkandliveonitztoo.Butbuildinganaircraft

carrierislikeanairportonthesea.Itcancarryplanesandtroopstowar.Planesflyfrorithe

carrierandlandbackonit,andsoldiersworkandliveonit,too.Butbuildinganaircraftcarrieris

sohardandexpensive.Itcostsalotofmoneyandneedsalargeamountofsteelandother

specialmaterials.Forexample,abasicaircraftcarrierismadeof60,000tonsofsteel.Italsouses

complex(復(fù)雜的)technologies,includingradar,electrics,mechanicsandweapons.Finally,it

takesyearstobuildone.Today,notmanycountriesownanaircraftcarrierorhavetheabilityto

buildone.Chinahasbecometheseventhcountryintheworldthatcanbuildanaircraftcarrierby

itself,aftertheUSA,Russia,England,France,ItalyandSpain

(1)InwhichyeardidChina'sfirsthomemadeaircraftcarrerhitthewater?

A.In2017.B.In2016.C.In2018.D.In2019.

(2)What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.AnAirportontheSea

B.ChinaHasBoughttheSecondAircraftCarrier

C.China'sHomemadeAircraftCarrier

D.TheSixthCountrytoBuildanAircraftCarver

(3)Whatisnotneededtobuildtheaircraftcarrier?

A.specialmaterialsB.technologiesC.steelD.wood

(4)HowmanyaircraftcarriersdoesChinahaveaccordingtothepassage?

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

(5)HowdoesthewriterfeelaboutthehomemadeaircraftcarrierinChina?

A.proudB.worriedC.upsetD.hopeless

【答案】（1）A

(2)C

(3)D

(4)B

(5)A

【解析】【分析】主要講了中國第一個國產(chǎn)的航空母艦在大連遼寧下水。

(1)細節(jié)題°根據(jù)OnApril2017,abigChineseshipcaughttheayesofthpwholeworld.

China'sfirsthomemadeaircraftcarrier(航空母艦)hitthewaterinDalian,Liaoning.可知是在

2017年，故選A。

(2)主旨題,根據(jù)全文可知主要講了中國第一個國產(chǎn)的航空母艦在大連遼寧下水，故選Co

(3)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Itcostsalotofmoneyandneedsalargeamountofsteelandotherspecial

materials.Forexample,abasicaircraftcarrierismadeof60,000tonsofsteel.Italsouses

complex(復(fù)雜的)technologies,includingradar;electrics,mechanicsandweapons可知材料

有鋼鐵、特殊的材料和科技。沒有木頭，故選D。

(4)細節(jié)題,根據(jù)ThenewbigshipisChina'ssecondaircraftcarrier.新的大船是中國第二個

航空母艦，所以一共有2個航空母艦，故選B。

(5)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)OnApril26,2017,abigChineseshipcaughttheeyesofthewholeworld.

可知中國制造的航空母艦吸引了全世界的眼球，所以作者感到驕傲，故選A。

【點評】考杳閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題和主旨題?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；

主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。

Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbad

foryourhearing.Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearingloss(聽力喪失),becauseof

listeningtoloudnoiseforlongperiodsoftime.ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloud

volumescanharmyourhearing.

TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatare

louderthan85dB(分貝)foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadis

about85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.

Loudnoiseisharmfultotheinner二Mostofusarebonwithabout16,000haircells(聽毛細

J施)inourinnerears.Thesecellsnoticesounds.However;listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtime

canmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.Thisiswhatcauseshearing

loss.Oncethishappens,it'shardtogetyourhearingback.

Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn'tallthatloud.Butthiscandependonwhereyou

are.Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictoo

loudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace,you

alightfeeluncomfortable

The"safelevel"formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.Alevelof80dBis

aboutequalto(相當(dāng)于)thenoiseofasubway.

Hereissomeadviceonsafelistening.Over—the—earheadphones(頭戴式耳機)arebetter

thanin—earones.Theydoabetterjobofstoppingoutsidenoise,soyoucanlistenatalower

volump.Don'tlistentoInudmusiconynurhaadphcnpqforAlongtimp.Followthp60:60rulp：

listentomusicat60percentofyourheadphones'maximumvolumefornomorethan60minutes

aday.

(1)Itissafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan100dBfor15minutes

(2)Listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecancausesomehaircellsintheinnereartodie.

(3)Fromthefourthparagraph,weknowpeopledon'talwaysrealizehowloudtheirmusicis.

(4)In-earheadphonesarebetterthanover—the-eatonesbecausetheycanstopmore

outsidenoise.

(5)Thisarticlemainlytellsuswhyearsareanimportantpartofourbodies.

【答案】(1)0

(2)1

(3)1

(4)0

(5)0

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要講述了聽大音量音樂的習(xí)慣對聽力有害。世界衛(wèi)生組

織稱，超過10億的年輕人在聽力方面存在問題，因為他們長時間大聲聆聽。聯(lián)合國有安全

聆聽標準。聽八十小時大于85分貝或15分鐘大聲100分鐘的聲音是不安全的。長時間聆聽

大聲的聲音可能會使這些細胞工作太猛，并使其中一些細胞死亡。這就是人們聽力損失的原

因。

(1)判斷正誤題。根據(jù)Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85dB(分貝)for

eighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.可知挺高于85分貝八個小時或者100分貝15分鐘是不

安全的。故答案為錯誤。

(2)判斷正誤題。根據(jù)However,listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecanmakethesecells

worktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.可知聽大聲的噪音很長時間能使這些耳毛細胞

工作太猛，造成一些耳毛細胞死亡，故答案為正確。

(3)判斷正誤題。根據(jù)ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyour

musictooloudwithoutrealizingit.可知如果你在像地鐵這樣吵鬧的地方,你可能無意識的把

聲音調(diào)到太大，可知第四段告訴我們?nèi)藗儾豢偸悄芤庾R到他們的音樂有多大聲，故答案為正

確。

(4)判斷正誤題。根據(jù)Over—the—earheadphones(頭戴式耳機)arebetterthanin—ear

ones.Theydoabetterjobofstoppingoutsidenoise,soyoucanlistenatalowervolume.可知頭

戴式耳機比置入式耳機更好，故答案為錯誤。

(5)判斷正誤題。通讀全文可知大意是：聽大聲的音樂對聽力有害，不是講耳朵是人體重

要的組成部分，故答案為錯誤。

【點評】考查閱讀理解能力，首先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)細節(jié)判斷所給句子的正確，

注意要找到依據(jù)。

4.閱讀理解

JohnBrown,anofficeworker,livesinWashington.Heinherited$1,000,000afterhisparents

died.Hedidn'tfeelhappyatall.Hiscollegefriendswerelookingfortheirfirstjobs,buthedidn't

haveto.Johndecidedtokeeplivingasimplelifelikeeveryoneelse.Hedidn'ttellanyofhis

friendsandgave$100,000cfhismoneytoacharitythathelpedpoorchildren.Todayheis36,and

hestillwearscheapclothesanddrivesasmallcaronly,butheismuchhappier.

Sofar,Johnhashelped15childrenfrompoorcountriesallovertheworld,$200amonthfor

each.Thechilddoesnotreceivethemoneyincash(現(xiàn)金).Themoneyispaidforthechild's

education,food,medicalcareandclothing.Johnreceivesareporteachyearonthechild's

progress.Theycanwritetoeachother,butusuallythechildrendonotspeakEnglish.

OnceJohnwenttomeetalittlegirlhewashelpinginAfrica.Hesaidthatthemeetingwas

exciting."WhenImether,Ifeltveryhappy.Hesaid."Isawthatthemoneywasusedforavery

goodplan.Itbroughtmeclosertothechildinawaythatonlygivingmoneycannot.""IWentto

doeverythingIcan.Iwillgoonhelpingthosechildreninneed."headded.

(1)Johnislivingalife.

A.poorB.simpleC.hardD.rich

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inherited"meaninChinese?

A.繼承B.撿拾C.饋贈D.賺取

(3)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Thechildcanreceivethemoneyincash.

B.JohnonlyhelpsthepoorchildreninAfrica.

C.Johnhasneverseenthechildrenheishelping.

D.Johnhashelped15childrenfromdifferentcountries.

(4)WhydidJohnthinkthemeetingwiththelittlegirlwasveryexciting?

A.BecausethegirlcamefromAfrica.

B.BecausethegirlcouldspeakEnglish.

C.Becausehesawthemoneywaswellused.

D.Becausehethoughthehadgivenmoneytothegirl.

(5)Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?

A.Inanewspaper.B.Inasciencereport.C.Inanovel.D.Inanad.

【答案】(1)B

(2)A

(3)D

(4)C

(5)A

【解析】【分析】短文大意：文章講述了JohnBrown繼承了父母的財產(chǎn)后，過著簡單的生活,

容納后捐錢做慈善去幫助窮孩子。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Johndecidedtokeeplivingasimplelifelikeeveryoneelse約翰決定像

其他人一樣過簡樸的生活，故選B。

(2)詞意猜測題.根據(jù)Heinheriled$1>000?000dflerhi、pdrenl、died.他父母去世后繼承

了100萬英鎊.可知inherite意思是繼承，故選A。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sofar,Johnhashelped15childrenfrompoorcountriesalloverthe

world,到目前為止，約翰已經(jīng)幫助了世界上15個貧窮國家的兒童。選D。

(4)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Isawthatthemoneywasusedforaverygoodplan."我看至ij錢被用

于一個非常好的計劃.可知是因為因為他看到錢用得很好。故選C。

(5)文章出處題。根據(jù)文章講述了JohnBrown繼承了父母的財產(chǎn)后幫助窮孩子的事，可

知是從報紙上可以看到。放選A。

【點評】此題考查閱讀理解。文章涉及到細節(jié)理解題，詞意猜測題和文章出處題。對「?細節(jié)

理解題，要從文章的細節(jié)中找出問題的答案。對「詞意猜測題，要根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系推測劃

線部分的詞在文章的意思，對于文章的出處題要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容確定。

5.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下面各小題所給的四個備選項中，選出最佳選項。

Longlongago,therewasabeautifullittlegirl.Shewasalonebecauseshehadnofamilyand

nohome.Sheonlyhadherclothesandsomebread.Butshewasverykind.

Amanaskedherifshehadsomethingtoeat.Shegavehimherbread.Achildcriedandtold

herthathisheadwasverycold.Soshegavehimherhat.Then,shemetachildwithnocoat.She

gavehimhercoat.

Oneday,inthecolddar<forest,shemetanotherchildwhoaskedforherdress.Thelittlegirl

thoughtthatitwasdarkandnobodycouldseeher,soshegaveherdressaway.Atlast,shehad

almostnothing:nofamily,nowheretolive,nothingtoeatandlittletowear.

Suddenly,starsfellfromthesky.Thesestarsbecamepiecesofmoneyandabeautifuldress.

Thelittlegirlwasrichfortherestofherlifeandshestillhelpedthepeopleinneedwithher

money.

(1)Thebeautifullittlegirlwas___becauseshehadnofamilyandnohome.

A.lazyB.aloneC.richD.thin

(2)Whenshemetachildwithnocoat,shegavehimher__.

A.breadB.hatC.coatD.money

(3)___,shegavpherdressaway.

A.InanoldhouseB.IntheforestC.IntheskyD.Athome

(4)__fellfromtheskybecamepiecesofmoneyandabeautifuldress.

A.ThehatB.ThecoatC.ThebreadD.Thestars

(5)Thelittlegirlwasrichfortherestofherlifebecauseofher

A.kindnessB.familyC.beautyD.Dress

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)B

(4)D

(5)A

【解析】【分析】主要講了很久以前一個無家可歸的小女核把自己的衣服和面包都給了他人，

之后星星變?yōu)榻疱X和漂亮的裙子，小女孩后半生富裕，并且?guī)椭枰獛椭娜恕?/p>

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shewasalonebecauseshehadnofamilyandnohome,可知她很孤

獨，因為她沒有家人也沒有家，故選B。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Then,shemetachildwithnocoat.Shegavehimhercoat,可知

她遇到了一個沒有外套的孩子，她把外套給他了，故選C。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Oneday,inthecolddarkforest,shemetanotherchildwhoasked

forherdress一天，在寒冷黑暗的森林里，她遇到了另一個要她的裙子的孩子，可知是在森

林里，故選B。

(4)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Suddenly,starsfellfromthesky.Thesestarsbecamepiecesof

moneyandabeautifuldress突然，星星從天而降.這些星星變成了金錢和漂亮的衣服，可知

是星星，故選D。

(5)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thelittlegirlwasrichfortherestofherlifeandshestillhelpedthe

peopleinneedwithhermoney這個小女孩余生都很富有，她仍然用她的錢幫助那些需要幫助

的人，可知因為小女孩很善良，故選A。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細尋找答案。

6.閱讀理解

Whenyouspeaktoforeigners,whatwillyoudoifyoucan'tunderstandtheirlanguages?Will

youuseyourbodylanguagetohelpyou,orjustsaysorrytothemandthengoaway?Learning

spokenlanguageisveryimportant,butlearninglocalgestures(手勢)isalsoverynecessary.

IoftenusegesturestocommunicatewithsomeonewhoselanguageIdon'tknow.Weuseour

handstotalkwitheachother.Althoughwedon'tunderstandtheothers'words,ourhand

movementsmakeourconversationmorenecessary.

However,gesturesaren'talwaysclear.Differentgesturesmayhavedifferentmeaningsindifferent

countriesandcultures.

Inmanycountries,peoplemovetheirhandsatsomeonetocallhimtocomenear.Inthe

UnitedStates,peopleusuallymovehandsatsomebodywiththeirpalms(手掌)upand

sometimesmovejustonefinger.ButinmanycountriesinAsia,handmovementslikethatwould

beimpolite.InAsia,manypeoplemovehandsatsomeonewiththeirpalmsdownusingall

fingers.

Doyouuseyourthuma,yourthickshortfingertomakegestures?Inwesterncountries,

"thumbs-up"meansagreement.ButitisveryrudeinpartsofAfrica.

Ifyouwanttosay"OK"inAmerica,youcanmakeacirclewiththethumbandthesecond

finger.ButinFrance,itmeans"zero",anditisveryrudeinmanyothercountries.

YoucanuseyoursecondfingertopointatsomethingbutnotatsomebodyintheUnited

States.However;insomepartsofEurope,AsiaandAfrica,pointingatanythingwithone'ssecond

fingerisnotpolite.

"V"formisoftenusedwhenpeopletakephotos.Butcsingtwofingerstomakeupthe"V"

shapemeans"peace"intheWest.

ThelastexampleisthatpeopleinpartsofAsiapointtotheirnosestomeanthemselves,but

peopleinwesterncountriesusuallypointtotheirchests.

Gesturesareimportant,butalsohavedifferentmeanings.

(1)It'sOKintocallsomeonetocomenearbymovingjustonefinger.

A.AmericaB.AsiaC.AfricaD.Europe

(2)Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.pointingonefingeratsomeoneintheUnitedStatesissometimesallowed

B.using"thumbs-up"asyourbodylanguageisveryrudeinpartsofAfrica

C.makingacirclewiththethumbandthenextfingermeans"0"inAmerica

D.usingtwofingerstomakeupthe"V"shapemeans"success"intheWest

(3)Thereareexamplesofdifferentgesturesinthepassage.

A.fiveB.sixC.sevenD.eight

(4)Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe.

A.WorkHardtoLearnDifferentCulturesaroundtheWorld

B.TalktoOtherPeoplewithSpokenLanguageSuccessfully

C.DiffprpntGp<;tijrp<;ArpDifficulttoUnderstandandIparn

D.MakeSureYourGesturesAreSayingWhatYouWanttoSay

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)B

(4)D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：實例說明在不同的國家和文化中，不同的手勢可能有不同的含

義。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Inmanycountries,peoplemovetheirhandsatsomeoneto

callhimtocomenear.IntheUnitedStates,peopleusuallymovehandsatsomebodywiththeir

palms(手掌)upandsometimesmovejustonefinger.理解可知,在美國可以用一個手指,

向某人揮手讓他過來，故選A。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Inmanycountries,peoplemovetheirhandsatsomeoneto

callhimtocomenear.IntheUnitedStates,peopleusuallymovehandsatsomebodywiththeir

palms(手掌)upandsometimesmovejustonefinger.ButinmanycountriesinAsia,hand

movementslikethatwouldbeimpolite.可知，在亞洲的一些國家，手掌向上的手語是不禮貌

的，故選B,

(3)理解歸納題。通讀全文可知，此文一共列舉了6個不同的手勢，故選B”

(4)標題歸納題。通讀全文語句理解可知，不同的國家或地區(qū)，手勢不同其代表的含義也

不同，一定要弄清它們具體的含義，故選D。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本題涉及細節(jié)理解題和標題歸納題。做題的時候，先從題目中找

到一個關(guān)鍵詞，再定位原文，找到答案。

7.閱讀理解

Therearemanykindsofmusicintheworld,popmusic,classicalmusic,folkmusicandsoon.

Doyouknowcountrymusic?It'satraditionalkindofmusicfromthesouthernstatesofAmerica.I

likeitverymuch!ItwilltakemeawayforawhileafterIamtired.Theguitarsandsongswiltake

metomountainsandfields.

Countrymusicusuallytalksofeverydaylifeandfeeling.It'slikethespiritofAmerica,easyto

understand,slowandsimple.

CountrymusicdevelopedintheSouthernUnitedStates.ItwasthefolkmusicofAmerican

countryside.Manyofsongstellaboutthelivesoffarmers.Theytalkaboutlove,cropsordeath.

Thelifeofthecountrysidecanbehard,sothewordsincountrymusicare。代ensad.Atfirst,

peopleplayedthemusiconlyatfamilyparties.

Butitbecamemorepopularlater.Inthe1920s,peopleplayedcountrysongsontheradio,and

thpymadpthpmintoraccrd，.

Whenpeopleinthecountrysidemovedtotownsandcitiestolookforwork,theytooktheir

musicwiththem.CountrymusiccontinuedtochangeandbecamepopularacrossAmerica.

JohnDenverwasoneofAmerica'smostfamouscountrysingersinthe1970s.HissongTake

MeHome,CountryRoadsiswell-knownandpeoplestillplayittoday.

(1)Countrymusicdevelopedin.

A.JohnDenver'scityB.theNorthernUnitedStates

C.theSouthernUnitedStatesD.theWesternUnitedStates

(2)Peoplebegantomakecountrysongsrecords.

A.in1920B.inthe1920sC.inthe1970sD.in1970

(3)WhydidcountrymusicbecomepopularinAmerica?

A.Becausecitypeoplelikedthemusic.

B.Becausefarmersmovedtocitieswiththeirmusicanditcontinuedtochange.

C.Becausecountrymusictalkedaboutcitypeople'slives.

D.Becausepeopleinthecitymovedtothecountryside.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：介紹了美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的發(fā)展及特點。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句CountrymusicdevelopedintheSouthernUnitedStates.可

知，鄉(xiāng)村音樂在美國南部發(fā)展起來。故選C。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Inthe1920s,peopleplayedcountrysongsontheradio,and

theymadethemintorecords.在二十世紀二十年代，人們尸始將鄉(xiāng)村音樂錄制成唱片。故選B。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Whenpeopleinthecountrysidemovedtotownsandcities

tolookforwork,theytooktheirmusicwiththem.Countrymusiccontinuedtochangeand

becamepopularacrossAmerica.可知,農(nóng)民搬到城鎮(zhèn)，將鄉(xiāng)村音樂也帶了去,并且得到進--

步的發(fā)展，所以鄉(xiāng)村音樂在美國很快就流行起來，故選B。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文主要考查細節(jié)理解題，首先仔細閱讀文后的問題，弄清問題的

大意；然后帶著問題閱讀短文，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，選擇正確答案。

8.閱讀理解

Haveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshopping

mall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbookonewith

yourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.

TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyBMin2010.Generally,asmartcityis

Acitythatijqpqdigitaltpchnclcgipqmhc,thpIntprnpftnimprnvpcityplanning,sxvamnnpyand

resources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthat

wecanlearnfrom.

In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermetersto

taketheplaceoftraditionalwatermetens.Theycandetect(探測)waterwasteandleakage

(泄漏)andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercity

resourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Inthisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresources

andaregladtohelpreducewaste.

SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookatthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearby

busstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrival

times.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp(應(yīng)用程序)that

collectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.

OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.

(1)Theunderlinedword"convenient"isclosestinmeaningto"

A.usefulB.normalC.suitableD.easy

(2)Comparedwithtraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin.

A.cleaningwaterB.supplyingwaterC.savingwaterD.producingwater

(3)TheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects(方面)EXCEPT

A.businessB.healthcareC.trafficcontrollingD.publictransportation

(4)What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Digitaltechnologieshelpimprovecityplanning.

B.Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.

C.SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.

D.SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.

【答案】(l)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要對智能城市進行了基本介紹，又通過迪比克和桑坦德

的例子介紹了智能城市為生活所帶來的便捷。

(1)猜測詞句題。由語句Generally,asmallcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchas

theInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources可知，總的來說,小城市就是

使用數(shù)碼科技例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)去提高城市計劃，節(jié)省金錢和資源。由此可推知，節(jié)省金錢、能源,

可以使我們的生活更加輕松便捷。easy意為“輕松的〃，符合題意。useful意為“有用的”，

normal意為“普通的”,suitable意為“適合的"，均不符合題意。故正確答案為D。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。由文中語句Thisway,peopleknowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladto

helpreducewaste可知，通過這種方式，人們就可以知道他們使用的資源并愿意減少資源的

浪費。由此可知，智能水表可以在節(jié)約水資源方面做的比傳統(tǒng)水表更好。savewater意為〃節(jié)

約水資源"，符合題意。故正確答案為C。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。A項，由第四段第四句OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovides

irnniedidleinfurnidliununbpecidlufferb可知，在超市,旁邊打開這個應(yīng)用程序，可以馬上推送

特價商品的信息。由此可推知,智能系統(tǒng)在商業(yè)(business)中有所應(yīng)用。B項，healthcare

意為“健康管理"，文章沒有提及。C項，由第四段第二句Ifpeoplepointaphonetowarda

nearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatseverthestopaswellastheir

arrivaltimes可知，如果人們用手機指向一個附近的公交車站，手機就會馬上展示出所有的

會在這站停的公交車路線,