專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷105

專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷105

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthe

sea".Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfar

between.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,but

hewasreluctant（4：愿意）togotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawas

remote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinental'travelersorotherswhoearneda

livingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoask

whatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion"Whatisatthebottomof

theoceans?"hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelaying

ofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknow

thedepthprofile（起伏形狀）oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobe

manufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompany

turned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsible

forencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings（探測(cè)）weretakentoinvestigatethe

depthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsaroused

muchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewas

laid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearly

attempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecovered

inlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasno

lifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In

1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition（考察），whichlastedforfouryearsand

broughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysis

occupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-vnlnmereport,thelastvolumebeing

publishedin1895.

1、Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly.

A^foroceanographicstudies

B、formilitarypurposes

C、fbrbusinessconsiderations

D、forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第三段第二句中提到“Thefirsttimethatthequestion'Whatisatthe

bottomoftheoceans?,hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhen

thelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.“其中"hadtobe

answeredwithanycommercialconsequence”即是選項(xiàng)中的“fbrbusiness

considerations”,故選C。

2^ItwasthataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

A、theAmericanNavy

B、someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

C^thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

D、thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第四段第一句說到“ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlantic

TelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.”其中"turnto

Maury”即是選項(xiàng)中的“askedMauryforhelp,\而尋求幫助的對(duì)象是theAtlantic

company,也同D項(xiàng)表述相近，故選D.此題的關(guān)鍵是讀懂原文中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

3、TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas.

A^tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

B、tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

C、toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

D、tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第四段第二句說到"InIhe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsiblefor

encouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings（探測(cè)）weretakentoinvestigatethedepths

oftheNoahAtlanticandPacificOceans.''其中"investigate”是測(cè)星的意思，與選項(xiàng)中

的“measure”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D。

4、"Defied"inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans.

A、doubted

B、gaveproofto

C>challenged

D、agreedto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：解決這類題的關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)“defied”前后句的意思來進(jìn)行推測(cè).前句

中有“itwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths”,而后句中“therewasnolifeinthe

deeper,partsofthesea5,,由前后句的對(duì)比可知，只有選項(xiàng)C符合此意。

5、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、thebeginningsofoceanography

B、thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

C>theinvestigationofoceandepths

D、theearlyintercontinentalcommunication

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通讀全文可看出，文章中心與主題在首段首句。因此選A。其他三項(xiàng)

均是細(xì)節(jié)，不能用細(xì)節(jié)作為主旨大意題的答案。

PresidentCoolidgesstatement,ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,stillpointstoan

importanttruthtoday-thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestige（威望）inAmerican

societythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusiness

institutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessas

beingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.

Sincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymost

Americans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygood

initself,itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividual

freedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkisprotected.Competitionprotectsthe

freedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopoly（壟斷）ofpower.In

contrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachother

forprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,it

willlosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremany

businessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlike

inferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,and

government,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericans

believethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernment

leadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,

then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyin

preservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobeuevedtostrengthentheidealof

equalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoes

totheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.Competitive

successiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativeiosocialrankbasedonfamily

background.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityof

opportunityratherthanthearistocratic（貴族的）ideaofinheritedprivilege.

6、Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans.

A、ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B、BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C>BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D、Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：關(guān)鍵在于理解第一段的含義。Business有“商業(yè)”的意思，還有“事

務(wù)、職責(zé)”的意思,第一個(gè)"business”指“頭等大事”，第二個(gè)"business”指"生意、商

業(yè)”。通讀全文也可看出商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)是美國(guó)人非常關(guān)注的事情。故選C。

7、Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly.

A、whengivenequalityofopportunity

throughdoingbusiness

C、byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D、bywaysofcompetition

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：解答此題的關(guān)鍵信息在第二段，由第二段最后一句"Competitionisnot

onlygoodinitself,itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchas

individualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkisprotected.”可推斷出

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可以使美國(guó)人實(shí)現(xiàn)池們的個(gè)人價(jià)值，故選Do

8、Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

A^Honestbusinessmen.

B、Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C、Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom.

D、Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第三段講述中可推斷出競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在保護(hù)顧客利益的同時(shí)也保護(hù)公司

的利益，故選B。

9、Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentis

characterizedby.

A、itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B、itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C、itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D^itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第四段第一句"Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,which

iscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly."可知商業(yè)和政府之間的不同

在于商業(yè)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，而政府則是權(quán)力壟斷。而“Monopoly”和選項(xiàng)中的“absolute

control”是同義替換，因此正確答案為A。

10、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves.

A、Americansarcmoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B、inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C^Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D^businessinothercountriesarcnotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第二句中說到"Competitionisseenasanopenandfairrace

wheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclass

background.“其中"socialclassbackground”與選項(xiàng)中的“socialstatus”對(duì)應(yīng)。最后一

句也點(diǎn)明了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即：商業(yè)應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是平等的理念而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族

理念。因此正確答案為B。其他幾項(xiàng)在文中都找不到依據(jù)。

Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

Consumersmaybeconvincedtobuyaproductofpoorqualityorhighpricebecauseof

anadvertisement.Forexample,someadvertisementshaveappealedtopeople'sdesirefor

betterfueleconomyfbrtheircarsbyadvertisingautomotiveproductsthatimprove

gasolinemileage.Someoftheproductswork.Othersareworthlessandawasteof

consumers'money.Sometimesadvertisingisintentionallymisleading.Afewyearsago,a

brandofbreadwasofferedtodieters（節(jié)食者）withthemessagethattherewerefewer

calories（熱量單位，卡路里）ineveryslice.Itturnedoutthatthebreadwasnot

dietetic（適合于節(jié)食的）,butjustregularbread.Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwas

slicedverythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.Onthepositive

side,emotionalappealsmayrespondtoaconsumer'srealconcerns.Considerfire

insurance.Fireinsurancemaybesoldbyappealingtofearofloss.Butfearoflossisthe

realreasonfbrfireinsurance.Thesecurityofknowingthatpropertyisprotectedby

insurancemakesthepurchaseoffireinsuranceaworthwhileinvestmentformostpeople.

Ifconsumersconsiderthequalityoftheinsuranceplansaswellasthemessageintheads,

theywillbenefitfromtheadvertising.Eachconsumermustevaluateherorhisown

situation.Arethebenefitsoftheproductimportantenoughtojustifybuyingit?

Advertisingisintendedtoappealtoconsumers,butitdoesnotforcethemtobuythe

product.Consumersstillcontrolfinalbuyingdecision.

11、Advertisingcanpersuadetheconsumertobuyworthlessproductby.

A>stressingtheirhighquality

B>convincinghimoftheirlowprice

C、maintainingabalancebetweenqualityandprice

D、appealingtohisbuyingmotives

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第一段前兩句話及所給的例子可以推知，廣告通過激發(fā)消費(fèi)者

的購買欲望來使其購買物品，故選D。

12、Thereasonwhythebreadadvertisementismisleadingisthat.

A^thinslicesofbreadcoulduonlainmorecalories

B、theloafwascutintoregularslices

C、thebreadwasnotgenuinebread

D^thetotalnumberofcaloriesintheloafremainedthesame

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段最后一句話說“Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwassliced

verythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.”選項(xiàng)D是換了一

個(gè)說法而已，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

13、Thepassagetellsusthat.

A^sometimesadvertisementsreallysellwhattheconsumerneeds

B、advertisementsoccasionallyforceconsumersintobuyingthingstheydon'tneed

C、thebuyingmotivesofconsumersarecontrolledbyadvertisements

D^fireinsuranceisseldomaworthwhileinvestment

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中第一段倒數(shù)第二句"Someoftheproductswork.”和第三段第一句

“Onthepositiveside,emotionalappealsmayrespondtoaconsumer'srealconcerns."

與選項(xiàng)中的"reallysellwhattheconsumerneeds”意義相符。故選A。

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatasmartconsumershould.

A^thinkcarefullyaboutthebenefitsdescribedintheadvertisements

B、guardagainstthedeceivingnatureofadvertisements

C、befamiliarwithvariousadvertisingstrategies

D^avoidbuyingproductsthathavestrongemotionalappeal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在論述了廣告正反兩方面的影響后，第四段又有“Eachconsumermust

evaluateherorhisownsituation”（消費(fèi)者應(yīng)有自己的評(píng)判），這正是A的意思。

15、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、howtomakeawisebuyingdecision

B、waystoprotecttheinterestsoftheconsumer

C、thepositiveandnegativeaspectsofadvertising

D^thefunctionofadvertisementsinpromotingsales

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：首段首句即是中心，而且文章第二段講廣告的消極影響，第三段講廣

告的積極影響，選項(xiàng)C包括這兩方面，因此為正確答案。

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearn

towalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingandexperiencing

particularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.

Psychologistshavefoundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakes

place.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning".Thisoccurswhenoneevent

orstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithorfollowedby,arewardorpunishment.Itis

throughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnstoassociateshismother'sfaceandvoice

withhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovidesfoodandcomfort.

Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled

"operantconditioning'1.Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproduce

rewardsinhisenvironmentandIcanisnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.For

example,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbabywhenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheis

quiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebaby

willlearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.Everyday,wegrow

andhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevision,

interactingwithotherpeople,andsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisit

thatwelearntolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,caresabout

us,wclearntoassociatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,suchasjoy,happiness,and

friendliness.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonismeantous,doesnotcareaboutus,and

evendeliberatelydoesthingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegative

feelings,suchasunhappiness,discomfort,andanger.

16>Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.

A、teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertainemotions

givethegeneralreaderanaccountoftwobasickindsoflearning

C、giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren'semotionsthrough

learning

D、discusswithpsychologisishowpositiveandnegativefeelingsareproduced

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」「

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通讀全文可看出，文章主要是關(guān)于兩個(gè)定義的講述：一種是“經(jīng)典性

條件反射“，一種是“操作性條件反射文章對(duì)這兩種模式進(jìn)行了解釋，因此讀懂

兩個(gè)定義是非常關(guān)鍵的。所以選B,其他三項(xiàng)均不正確。

17、Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearnthroughthat

tellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltrywithgreatereffortstobehumorousin

hispresence.

A、classicalconditioning

B、neitherofthem

C、operantconditioning

D、someothersortsofconditioning

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第二段可知，“operantconditioning"是“l(fā)earnstodothingsthat

producerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproduce

punishments.”因此題目中的例子是“操作性條件反射

18、Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearntoassociatefurry

animalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelopafearoffurryanimals.Thisisatypical

exampleoflearningthrough.

A、classicalconditioning

B、bothofthem

C、operantconditioning

D、neitherofthem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一段可知，“classicalconditioning"是“Thisoccurswhenone

eventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithorfollowedby,arewardorpunishment.''

因此題目中的例子是“經(jīng)典性條件反射"。答案為A.

19>Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoris.

A、discussinghowwegrowandhavenewexperienceseveryday

B、talkingaboutlearningtomodifyemotionsthroughoperantconditioning

C、concentratingonlearningbyreading,watchingtelevision,interactingwithpeople,

andsoon

D、usingexamplestofurtherillustratelearningthroughclassicalconditioning

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段所舉例子都是為了進(jìn)一步說明經(jīng)典性條件反射。

20、Inthefollowingparagraphstheauthorwillmostprobablygoontodiscuss.

definitionsofpositivefeelingsandnegativefeelings

B、thethirdkindoflearning

C、furtherexamplesoflearningthroughoperantconditioning

D^noneoftheabove

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章結(jié)溝來看，文章一開始就說明了學(xué)習(xí)的兩種模式，而后又分別

定義了這兩種模式—“經(jīng)典性條件反射”和“操作性條件反射”。第三段是進(jìn)一步舉

例說明經(jīng)典性條件反射，由此可以推斷下一段將進(jìn)一步舉例說明操作性條件反射。

故選C。

Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewithihalched（草蓋的）roofcottagesarounda

church;adriverthroughanarrowvillagestreetlinedwiththatchedcottagespaintedpink

orwhite;thesightovertherollinghillsofaprettycollectionofthatchedfarm

buildings-thesearestillcommonsightsinpartsofEngland.Mostpeoplewillagreethat

thethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.

ThatchingisinfacttheoldestofallthebuildingcraftspractisedintheBritishIsles.

Althoughthatchhasalwaysbeenusedfbrcottageandfarmbuildings,itwasonceused

forcastlesandchurches,too.Thatchingisasolitarycraft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.

ThecraftofthatchingasitispracticedtodayhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddle

Ages.Over800full-timethatchersareemployedinEnglandandWalestoday,

maintainingandrenewingtheoldroofsaswellasthatchingnewerhouses.Manyproperty

ownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthem

coolinsummerandwarminwinter.Infact,ifwelookatdevelopingcountries,overhalf

theworldlivesunderthatch,buttheyalldoitdifferentways.Peopleindeveloping

countriesareoftenreluctanttogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodern

buildings.However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessary

materials.Theirtemporarymudhutswiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylast

sixmonths.ThatchwhichhasbeendonetheBritishwaylastsfromtwentytosixtyyears,

andisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat.

21、Whichofthe