浙京津魯瓊專版2025版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一語(yǔ)法填空第二部分語(yǔ)法精析第三節(jié)名詞冠詞和數(shù)詞學(xué)案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1第三節(jié)名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞1．Onestudyshowedthat(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee，likeeightormorecupsperday，whileeq\x(they)werepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.(2024·11月浙江)答案women解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處泛指喝大量咖啡的婦女，指某一類人用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。下文中的they也是提示。故填women。2．MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2024·6月浙江)答案dishes3．Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromeq\x(all)(cause)．(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。cause表示“緣由，起因”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，前面有all，故填cause的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadeq\x(some)unintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個(gè)例子overweightandheartdisease可知名詞effect用復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。5．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案crowds解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。crowd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒(méi)有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6．Shehasturneddowneq\x(several)(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案invitations解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。several表“幾個(gè)”，其后要用名詞invitation的復(fù)數(shù)形式。7．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledouteq\x(ahandfulof)small(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2024·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。ahandfulof一把，幾個(gè)，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。ahandfulofcarrots幾個(gè)胡蘿卜。8．Recent(study)eq\x(show)thatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案studies解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞show，表示復(fù)數(shù)形式，故主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，確認(rèn)不須要變更詞性，就可以考慮用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。一些標(biāo)記詞可以快速確認(rèn)。1．修飾詞①oneof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)。②大于2的基數(shù)詞，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，several，all，both，other，a(large)numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。③some后假如名詞可數(shù)，要用復(fù)數(shù)。2．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：假如所填的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式are，were，have或動(dòng)詞原形，則用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3．特殊的復(fù)數(shù)名詞belongingsn．財(cái)產(chǎn)possessionsn．財(cái)產(chǎn)congratulations慶賀surroundingsn．環(huán)境findingsn．發(fā)覺(jué)good/badmannersn．有禮貌/沒(méi)禮貌taketurns輪番inalldirections四面八方inruins嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪1．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoeq\x(a)(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案belief解析考查名詞。依據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語(yǔ)從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。2．Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder)．(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案wonderful解析考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動(dòng)詞is之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填wonderful。3．Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofeq\x(an)interesting(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案competition解析考查名詞。由空前的aninteresting可以確定空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)填名詞形式。故填competition。4．Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)eq\x(stories)aboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。空格處修飾名詞stories，應(yīng)用形容詞，tradition的形容詞形式為traditional，故填traditional。5．OtherAmericanstudiesshowedeq\x(no)(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2024·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名詞。no是形容詞，修飾名詞，connect的名詞形式為connection表示“聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”，為可數(shù)名詞，故填connection/connections。6．Schooluniformseq\x(are)(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2024·6月浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。are是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。7．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyeq\x(and)(meaning)collegeexperience.(2024·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience，故此處也要用形容詞形式。故填meaningful。8．Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.(2024·6月浙江)答案weight9．Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexerciseseq\x(to)(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案strengthen解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變動(dòng)詞。此處不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填strength的動(dòng)詞形式strengthen。10．Runningischeap，easyandit’salways(energy)．(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變形容詞。連系動(dòng)詞is后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。11．AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)eq\x(fertilizerconsumption)...(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案global解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。修飾名詞短語(yǔ)fertilizerconsumption應(yīng)用形容詞，名詞globe的形容詞形式是global。12．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)eq\x(who)studiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案scientist解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞構(gòu)詞法。由空后的who可知，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞。scientist科學(xué)家。(一)提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，如須要變更詞性，依據(jù)語(yǔ)境確認(rèn)用哪種詞性。構(gòu)詞法——常見(jiàn)的詞根詞綴①-en動(dòng)詞后綴strength→strengthen加強(qiáng)fright→frighten使膽怯 length→lengthen延長(zhǎng)②-fy動(dòng)詞后綴beauty→beautify美化qualification→qualify使取得(資格)class→classify分類③-ize/-ise動(dòng)詞后綴apology→apologiz(s)e致歉memory→memorize記住④常見(jiàn)形容詞后綴eq\x(名詞＋-y)sun→sunny陽(yáng)光足夠的fog→foggy有霧的wealth→wealthy富有的health→healthy健康的noise→noisy吵鬧的eq\x(動(dòng)詞＋-able)advise→advisable明智的，可取的comfort→comfortable舒適的accept→acceptable可接受的eq\x(名詞＋-al)education→educational有教化意義的season→seasonal季節(jié)的addition→additional附加的，額外的accident→accidental意外的eq\x(名詞＋-en)wood→wooden木制的gold→golden金色的eq\x(動(dòng)詞＋-ent)differ→different不同的insist→insistent堅(jiān)持的depend→dependent依靠的eq\x(名詞＋-ish)fool→foolish愚蠢的self→selfish自私的child→childish孩子氣的eq\x(動(dòng)詞＋-ive)act→active主動(dòng)的impress→impressive印象深刻的eq\x(名詞＋-ful)power→powerful強(qiáng)有力的peace→peaceful和平的beauty→beautiful漂亮的wonder→wonderful很棒的help→helpful有幫助的eq\x(名詞＋-less-ful的反義)home→homeless無(wú)家可歸的hope→hopeless無(wú)望的help→helpless無(wú)助的eq\x(名詞＋-ous)fame→famous出名的envy→envious艷羨的humor→humorous幽默的ambition→ambitious有野心的caution→cautious謹(jǐn)慎的eq\x(名詞＋-ly)friend→friendly友好的order→orderly有秩序的time→timely剛好的month→monthly每月的day→daily每天的eq\x(動(dòng)詞＋-ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)promise→promising有前途的reward→rewarding值得的last→lasting持續(xù)的appeal→appealing吸引人的invite→inviting迷人的eq\x(特殊變更)variety→various多種多樣的value→valuable寶貴的benefit→beneficial有益的energy→energetic充溢活力的⑤名詞以-ce結(jié)尾，形容詞以-t結(jié)尾confidence→confident自信的elegance→elegant優(yōu)雅的patience→patient有耐性的evidence→evident明顯的intelligence→intelligent有才智的，智能的violence→violent暴力的，猛烈的(二)提示詞是動(dòng)詞，首先分析句子并依據(jù)語(yǔ)境標(biāo)記詞確認(rèn)是否須要填名詞。1．句子結(jié)構(gòu)①設(shè)空作主語(yǔ)，或者作及物動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，填名詞。②系動(dòng)詞之后，含義是“什么”，用名詞。2．語(yǔ)境標(biāo)記詞①冠詞＋(形容詞＋)名詞。②形容詞性物主代詞、全部格、數(shù)詞、量詞、形容詞之后，往往用名詞。③and/but/or并列連詞連接并列成分。3．動(dòng)詞變名詞規(guī)律①常見(jiàn)的名詞后綴-ness，-ment，-tion，-ance，-sion②describe→description描述permit→permission允許apply→application申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用argue→argument爭(zhēng)辯conclude→conclusion結(jié)論depend→dependence依靠③動(dòng)詞＋-al變成名詞arrive→arrival到達(dá)approve→approval批準(zhǔn)；贊同withdraw→withdrawal撤回；取款dispose→disposal處理propose→proposal建議；求婚survive→survival幸存1．Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案the解析考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案a解析考查冠詞。依據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個(gè)玩笑”可知，此處joke為泛指，且joke的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭故填a。3．Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.(2024·6月浙江)答案the解析句意為：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。4．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案the解析考查冠詞。此處特指過(guò)去的25年，故用定冠詞the。5．Unexpectedly，I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案the解析考查冠詞。atthetopofone’slungs用最洪亮的聲音，放聲大叫，為固定搭配。6．Asresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠詞。asaresult結(jié)果。7．Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案a解析考查冠詞。句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。8．ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2024·6月浙江)答案a解析考查冠詞。awonder一個(gè)奇跡。1．定冠詞the①上文提及，獨(dú)一無(wú)二，一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞前，西洋樂(lè)器前，序數(shù)詞前，最高級(jí)前，用定冠詞the。②含有修飾限定詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中③“the＋adj.”表示一類人the＋定語(yǔ)＋名詞the＋名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句/非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)thevery/only＋名詞thesame2．泛指，表“一個(gè)”用a/an。往往沒(méi)有修飾限定詞，a/an＋(形容詞)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞①首字母是元音字母，但發(fā)輔音，用冠詞a，如auniversity，a＋useful/usual/unique/united/European/one-eyed/one-way＋名詞②以u(píng)開(kāi)頭，但用an(往往是un-否定前綴)：an＋unusual/unhappy/unforgettable＋名詞，anumbrella雨傘③首字母是輔音字母但發(fā)元音：anhour，anhonor，an＋honest＋名詞3．固定搭配中的冠詞①定冠詞thecatch/hit/take＋sb.＋介＋the＋身體部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在過(guò)去的……日/月/年，makethemost/bestof充分利用，inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下，beinthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣，atthesametime同時(shí)，atthetopof在……的頂端，forthetimebeing短暫，theotherday＝afewdaysago幾天前，ontheway在途中，inthelongterm/run長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來(lái)，themore...，themore...句型②不定冠詞a/anhaveagoodtime玩得興奮，makealiving謀生，asaresult因此，forawhile一會(huì)，inahurry匆忙地，inaword總之，atadistance離一段距離，awasteof...奢侈，amatterof...……的問(wèn)題，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；駕馭，makeanapology致歉，payavisitto探望，keepaneyeon照看；關(guān)注③抽象名詞詳細(xì)化：表示一個(gè)……的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureone→first，two→second，three→third，five→fiftheight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→twelfth，twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth增分訓(xùn)練增分單句訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter-schoolprograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.答案a解析第一次提到這個(gè)調(diào)查，表示“一個(gè)”，用a/an，又因?yàn)閚ew的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。2．Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.答案an解析此處是泛指一條無(wú)名的長(zhǎng)而狹窄的街道，所以用不定冠詞。因?yàn)閡nnamed的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用an。3．Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensive(assess)ofeachapplicant.答案assessment4．InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof(tradition)culture.答案traditional解析依據(jù)后面的名詞可以確認(rèn)前面須要填形容詞。所以填traditional。5．Despiteavague(describe)oftheremotemountainvillage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)。特殊留意describe變成名詞是不規(guī)則變更，其名詞形式為description。6．Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，we’ll(strength)theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.答案strengthen解析此處須要?jiǎng)釉~與and后的live并列作謂語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)變?yōu)閟trengthen表示“加強(qiáng)；強(qiáng)化”。7．Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutoplaywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)．答案creativity解析介詞of后跟名詞，故用名詞形式creativity“創(chuàng)建力”。8．ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)．答案majority解析通過(guò)the可以推斷，須要填名詞形式。9．TheyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsomeofsunniestweatherintheUK.答案the解析后面有最高級(jí)，意為“陽(yáng)光最足夠的天氣”，所以判定須要用定冠詞the。10．Andhehasseenrapid(grow)inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety)backgrounds.答案growth；various解析rapid為形容詞，空格處應(yīng)為hasseen的賓語(yǔ)，所以grow應(yīng)變?yōu)槊~形式growth；其次個(gè)空格處，由后面的名詞backgrounds推斷，此處須要填形容詞，所以變?yōu)樾稳菰~形式various。Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1．Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(apply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject-specificwrittenadmissionassessment.答案applicants解析句子缺少主語(yǔ)，可以推斷須要填名詞。依據(jù)含義推斷，此處說(shuō)的是申請(qǐng)者，須要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填applicants。2．Expertsnotethat(chemical)againstthewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.答案chemicals解析通過(guò)分析可知that從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以chemical此處用作名詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為are，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．Beijing，thecapitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此處作名詞，意為“畢業(yè)生”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填graduates。4．Francesentasenior(represent)tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2024.答案representative解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填representative。5．Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value)inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名詞變形容詞。become為系動(dòng)詞，所以此處用形容詞形式作表語(yǔ)。增分寫作訓(xùn)練——名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用1．IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof＋抽象名詞＝be＋形容詞)(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ)IpossessagoodknowledgeofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2．Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpractice，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregularpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3．Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.強(qiáng)化練(四)Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空A(2024·臺(tái)州模擬)Chinese-AmericancommunitygroupsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié))onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCity’seasternmostborough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)．Co-sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceandConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature)recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，abook4.(write)basedonConfucius’teachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base)necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one)InternationalConfuciusCulturalFestivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius(551BC－479BC)．Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，andfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10.(consider)oftheirsocialstatus.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了孔子文化節(jié)的慶祝活動(dòng)及該節(jié)日的意義，同時(shí)也對(duì)孔子做了介紹。)1．答案as解析考查介詞。此處指慶祝孔子文化節(jié)活動(dòng)不僅是作為一個(gè)壯麗的儀式來(lái)紀(jì)念世界聞名的中國(guó)哲學(xué)家。表示“作為”用介詞as。2．答案tocelebrate解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處指這個(gè)活動(dòng)還是與當(dāng)?shù)仄渌鐓^(qū)一起慶祝中國(guó)文化的機(jī)會(huì)。此處是不定式作chance的定語(yǔ)，故填tocelebrate。3．答案features解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。此處指這個(gè)文化節(jié)以背誦《弟子規(guī)》為特色，與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)thefestival是單數(shù)，故填features。4．答案written解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中abook與動(dòng)詞write是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，指書被寫。此處用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，故填written。5．答案basic解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞necessities用形容詞，指基本的須要。故填basic。6．答案living解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中介詞for后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填living。7．答案first解析考查序數(shù)詞。此處由定冠詞the限制，依據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭“holdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié))onSept.28”可知今年是其次屆，去年是第一屆。故填first。8．答案an解析考查冠詞。此處指孔子是一位杰出的教化家和哲學(xué)家，表示“一個(gè)”且extraordinary首字母發(fā)元音。故填不定冠詞an。9．答案that/who解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本句是“Itis...that/who...”強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)he，故用that/who引導(dǎo)。10．答案consideration/considering解析考查詞性變換。此處指孔子接收來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的學(xué)生，而不考慮他們的社會(huì)地位。介詞without后加名詞，再加of結(jié)構(gòu)，故填名詞consideration。BSincechildhood，I11.(see)actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieChan，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武術(shù)).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13.(learn)taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpeople14.(practise)taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，Irushedtotheteacher’sofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option)course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldusthattaichi16.(favor)foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18.(rule)thattheteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline(自律)andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19.(serious)andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whichwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossiblepossible.AndIwilldo.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者講解并描述的是自己到中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己兒時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)功夫的幻想。)11．答案haveseen解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。12．答案Where13．答案tolearn解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作表語(yǔ)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語(yǔ)，但是依據(jù)后面的“andmaster”可知，and連接并列的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)，master前省略了to，故本空應(yīng)用不定式。14．答案practising解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句為“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)someolderpeople與practise之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且依據(jù)后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，故用practise的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。15．答案optional16．答案isfavored解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。taichi與favor之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。雖然主句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但是依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，賓語(yǔ)從句描述的是客觀事實(shí)，故從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。下一句的時(shí)態(tài)也是示意。17．答案to解析考查介詞。berelatedto...與……有關(guān)，是固定搭配，故填介詞to。18．答案rules解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were可知，此處主語(yǔ)要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。19．答案seriously解析考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞。take...seriously仔細(xì)對(duì)待……。20．答案it解析考查代詞。assb.put(s)it是常用句型，意為“正如某人所說(shuō)的那樣”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AThemostwelcomesightonacold，wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.Thatshowsitisreadytopickyouup.TravellingbytaxiinLondonisnotjustawayofgoingfromoneplacetoanother.Itisanexperiencetobeenjoyedandremembered.Themainreasonforthisisthedrivers，whoarecalled“cabbies”．ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.Asimpletwenty-minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie!Onethingisforsure，itwillneverbeboring.Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars，theRoyalFamily，governmentleaders，andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Theyalsoknowthebestplacestoeat，shopandrelax.Andtheycantakeyoustraighttoanylargehotel，departmentstore，theatreormuseum.Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithoutevenlookingatamap，becauseeveryonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.Theymusttakeintoaccountthetimeofday—inrushhour，alongerroute(路途)maybequicker—anddescribethebestway.Moreovertheymustneverforgettheone-waystreets!語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在倫敦坐出租車是一種值得享受和牢記的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，倫敦出租車司機(jī)們友好健談，對(duì)倫敦特別熟識(shí)，都是通過(guò)考試的合格司機(jī)。21．FromwhatcanwetellthatsomeoneisaCockney?A．Theirinterest. B．Theirmanners.C．Theirspeech. D．Theirappearance.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.”可知，真正的Cockney誕生在倫敦，說(shuō)倫敦特殊的方言，對(duì)倫敦地理熟識(shí)且喜愛(ài)交談。所以通過(guò)一個(gè)人的說(shuō)話就能推斷其是不是Cockney。故選C。22．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“AuntyNellie”inParagraph2?A．Passengersarefullofcuriosity.B．Cabbies’topicsarewide-ranging.C．AuntyNellieispopularinLondon.D．Londonersarefriendlytoeachother.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“Asimpletwenty-minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie！”可知，倫敦出租車司機(jī)能夠讓乘客旅途很好玩，可能會(huì)談?wù)撜皖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也可能會(huì)談?wù)撍緳C(jī)的家人。作者提到“AuntyNellie”是為了說(shuō)明出租車司機(jī)的話題很廣泛，他們很健談。故選B。23．Whatisthepurposeof“TheKnowledge”？A．Toqualifyonetodriveataxi.B．Toassessone’sdrivingskills.C．Totestdrivers’abilitytowrite.D．Tochecktaxidrivers’memory.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“...everyonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled‘TheKnowledge’．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.”可知，TheKnowledge是出租車司機(jī)的資格考試，通過(guò)筆試測(cè)試司機(jī)對(duì)路途的熟識(shí)程度和應(yīng)變實(shí)力等。故選A。B(2024·上海長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU．S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends，IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與摯友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她確定一個(gè)人去。途中她遇見(jiàn)了五個(gè)背包客，這些背包客邀請(qǐng)她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經(jīng)驗(yàn)了美妙的幾天，并和他們成了好摯友。24．By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.A．sickofridingonabumpybusB．nervousofmeetingstrangersC．upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD．sorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解題。依據(jù)前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被摯友放鴿子了，被放鴿子確定是悲觀的，C項(xiàng)(因?yàn)橥蝗坏淖兏械桨脝实?最符合作者此時(shí)的心情，所以選C。25．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A．Courageousbutdisrespectful.B．Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C．Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D．Homelessbutlighthearted.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“‘Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？’oneofthebackpackersoffered.”可知這些背包客邀請(qǐng)作者一起旅游，說(shuō)明他們很熱心；依據(jù)“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.”可知這些背包客旅游閱歷很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。26．Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat.A．shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB．itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC．sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD．itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知這些背包客邀請(qǐng)作者一起旅游時(shí)，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感說(shuō)了“好”，也就是說(shuō)她的第六感讓她信任她能和這些背包客相處得很好，才會(huì)答應(yīng)他們的邀請(qǐng)，故選A。27．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B．Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C．Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D．Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者覺(jué)得自己選擇一個(gè)人旅游讓自己看到了更大的世界；再結(jié)合文章最終一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者慶幸她的摯友沒(méi)有接她的電話。由此可以推斷作者認(rèn)為獨(dú)自旅行是她一生中最好的確定，故選D。Ⅲ.七選五(2024·河南豫北名校質(zhì)量評(píng)估)Ifyou’reafirst-timelanguagelearner，youknowthatemotional(情感的)upsanddownsareanormalsituation.Whenyouunderstandaconceptorbegintocomprehendthelanguage，youmayexperiencefeelin