專題21 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)核心語(yǔ)法逐個(gè)突破（原卷版）

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)熱度★★★★★內(nèi)容索引內(nèi)容索引命題趨勢(shì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的能力。知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)鏈接（一）不定式（二）動(dòng)名詞（三）分詞考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1：只加動(dòng)詞原形的情況考點(diǎn)2：不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)3：動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

考點(diǎn)4：后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別較大的動(dòng)詞小試牛刀2022年各地模擬20題直擊中考2022年各地中考20題知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖知識(shí)知識(shí)鏈接知識(shí)點(diǎn)01不定式【語(yǔ)法詳解】1.動(dòng)詞不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，為避免＂頭重腳輕＂常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。常用句型有：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意為＂做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意為＂做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間＂Tomasteralanguageisnoteasy=Itisnoteasytomasteralanguage.學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言是不容易的。作賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wouldlike,want,like,hope,wish,plan，decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start等think,find,believe等動(dòng)詞可用于＂動(dòng)詞+it+adj.+todosth.＂句型中。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。Iwouldliketomakefriendswithyou.我想要和你交朋友。Ifinditdifficulttopassmymathexam.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試很難。作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞、代詞后作定語(yǔ)，兩者之間常有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該加上相應(yīng)的介詞。常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的名詞有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCanyougivemeapentowritewith?能給我一只用于書寫的筆嗎？Doyouhavesomethingtosay?你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？作狀語(yǔ)不定式?？捎米鳡钫Z(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。Todoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具要對(duì)頭。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。Mydreamistobeanengineer.我想成為一名工程師。2.不定式的特殊用法①使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，須省略to。此類動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to則要加上。②動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被動(dòng)形式為tobedone。?Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑問詞+帶to的不定式＂的動(dòng)詞有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。?Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—Whatelseshouldwepayattentionto________aforeignlanguage?—Grammarrules,Ithink.A．learn B．learning C．tolearn D．tolearning知識(shí)點(diǎn)02動(dòng)名詞【語(yǔ)法詳解】（一）動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞是由＂動(dòng)詞+-ing＂構(gòu)成，和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)。（二）動(dòng)名詞作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Itisnouse（good）+v.ing.Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。Itisnousearguingagain.再去爭(zhēng)吵也沒有用。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)Herjobislookingafterthechildren.她的工作是照顧這些小孩子。作賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞有：avoid,finish,consider,giveup,cannothelp,allow,imagine,include,keep,mind,practice,suggest，succeedin,beusedtodo,lookforwardto,enjoy,bebusyNomatterwhathappened,Iwon’tgiveupachievingmydream.不管發(fā)生了什么事情，我都不會(huì)放棄去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。作定語(yǔ)用于名詞前，起修飾說(shuō)明作用Thereisaswimmingpoolinherhome.她家有個(gè)游泳池。（三）動(dòng)名詞的特殊用法即可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)兩者之間的意義差別不大，但remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別比較明顯?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—DidyouseeAndyyesterday?—Yes.Isawhim________asnowmanat8：00yesterdaymorning.A．making B．tomake C．wasmaking D．made知識(shí)點(diǎn)03分詞【語(yǔ)法詳解】（一）現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞由v.+ing構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞v.+ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)構(gòu)成。（二）分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動(dòng)的含義，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動(dòng)的含義。Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.這個(gè)故事很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。作狀語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎?。Igothome,feelingverytired.我疲憊地回到家里?！炯磳W(xué)即練】________sincethenightbefore,Ifeltveryhungry.A.Havingnoteatenanything B.NoteatinganythingC.Ihadn'teatenanything D.Nothavingeatenanything考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)01只加動(dòng)詞原形的情況Hiscousinisahumorousman.Hemakesus________allthetime.A．laughs B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laugh【作法】第一步-對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯：他的表兄是個(gè)幽默的人。他總是使我們開懷大笑。第二步-考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！癿akesb.dosth.”意為“使某人做某事”，結(jié)合此句型可知，“使某人大笑”為“makesb.laugh”，故選D?！窘Y(jié)論】只加動(dòng)詞原形的情況1）Will（Would）youplease（not）．．．？請(qǐng)（不要）做某事好嗎？2）hadbetter最好做某事3）Whynot．．．？為何不做某事4)wouldrather(not)...寧可(不)；寧愿(不)此句型也可以擴(kuò)展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...。5）在祈使語(yǔ)氣(或口語(yǔ))中。6）接省to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（使役動(dòng)詞）makesbdo使某人做letsb.do讓某人做havesbdo使某人做helpsbdo幫助某人做【典例秒殺】Turntheworldintoabigfamily,andwe’llmakepeople’swish________trueearlier.A．comes B．willcome C．come D．tocomeThesocialistnewcountryside(社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村）makesfarmers________theirlivingconditions.A．toimprove B．improve C．improving—What'snext?—I'llhaveTony________youaround.A．toshow B．show C．showed D．shown—Look!Kangkang,thatoldmaniscrossingthecrosswalk.—Jane,let’s________him.A．helps B．tohelp C．helping D．help考點(diǎn)02不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending【作法】第一步-對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯：——Tom，你覺得閱讀重要嗎？——是的。所以我決定從現(xiàn)在開始花更多時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀。第二步-考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。spend花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞原形；tospend花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞不定式；spending花費(fèi)，動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞。decidetodosth表示“決定做某事”，因此空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。故選B?！窘Y(jié)論】后跟todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）(1)想要，拒絕，忘記(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)(2)需要，努力，學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)(3)喜歡，同意，幫助(like,agree,help)(4)希望，決定，開始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)【典例秒殺】Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．toworkThehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．givenOurteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing考點(diǎn)03動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞—Wouldyoulike________soccerwithme?—Sure.Ilike________itverymuch.A．play;toplay B．playing;toplay C．toplay;playing【作法】第一步-對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯：——你愿意和我們一起踢足球嗎？——當(dāng)然，我非常喜歡踢足球。第二步-考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)wouldliketodosth.表示“愿意做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)；likedoingsth.意為“喜歡做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選C?！窘Y(jié)論】巧記后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)習(xí)慣(beusedto)卻完畢(finish)想要(feellike)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)還介意(mind)【典例秒殺】—Wouldyoumind________thewindow?It’sveryhot.—No,notatall.A．open B．toopen C．opening D．openedJackandIenjoy________musicverymuch.A．hear B．listento C．hearing D．listeningto—Howlongdoyouspend________morningexerciseseveryday?—Twentyminutes.A．do B．todo C．doing D．does—Whatdoyouthinkofthefolkmusic?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth________asecondtime.A．tolistento B．listeningto C．tobelistenedto D．beinglistenedto考點(diǎn)04后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別較大的動(dòng)詞—Didyouforget________offthelightwhenyoulefttheroomjustnow?—No,Iremember________that,Mum.A．toturn;todo B．turning;todo C．toturn;doing D．turning;doing【作法】第一步-對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯：——你剛才離開房間的時(shí)候忘記關(guān)燈了嗎？——不，我記得做過(guò)，媽媽。第二步-考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Didyouforget...offthelightwhenyoulefttheroomjustnow?”可知問是否忘記去關(guān)燈，用forgettodosth.“忘記去做某事”；再由“No,Iremember...that,Mum.”可知此處表示記得關(guān)過(guò)燈了，用rememberdoingsth.“記得做過(guò)某事”。故選C?！窘Y(jié)論】后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別較大的動(dòng)詞：remembertodo(記住去做)rememberdoing(記得做過(guò));forgettodo(忘記去做)forgetdoing(忘記做過(guò));trytodo(設(shè)法做)trydoing(試著做);goontodo(接著做另一事)goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事);stoptodo(停下來(lái)去做)stopdoing(停止做);can’thelptodo(不能幫助做)can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)?！镜淅霘ⅰ縋leaseremember________thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A．turnoff B．toturnoff C．turningoff D．turnsoffYoulooktired.Whynot________somelightmusic?A．trytolistento B．totrytolistentoC．trylisteningto D．totrylisteningtoWhenthebellrings,everyoneshouldstop________andstartreadingbooks.A．totalk B．talking C．totalking D．talkAfteralongtrip,Isuggest________.A．tostoptohavearest B．stoppinghavearest C．tostophavingarest D．stoppingtohavearest小試牛刀小試牛刀1．（2022·江蘇·鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)初中一模）Themethodwethoughtof________theproblemprovedtobecorrect.A．tosolve B．solving C．solved D．solves2．（2022·廣西貴港·二模）—Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway________English?—Weshoulduseiteveryday.A．learn B．learns C．tolearn D．learning3．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Manyscientiststayinthewetlands_________thebirds’changesinnumbers.A．tocompare B．comparing C．compared D．beingcompared4．（2022·江蘇·沛縣教師發(fā)展中心模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?—Weshoulddosomething________theairandwater________beingpolluted.A．protect;from B．toprotect;from C．keep;from D．tokeep;for5．（2022·江蘇·沛縣教師發(fā)展中心模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Myhometownusedtobeasmallplace________with________itisnow.A．compared;how B．compared;what C．comparing;what D．comparing;how6．（2022·遼寧遼陽(yáng)·一模）________Englishwell,Ihavetopracticereadingeveryday.A．Speak B．Tospeak C．Speaking D．Spoken7．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·一模）Duringourholidays,weshouldavoid________upatnight.A．stay B．tostay C．stayed D．staying8．（2022·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）________ourselvessafefromdanger,weshouldwearhelmetswhenridingelectronicbikes.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Kept9．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古興安盟·二模）—Ihavetrouble________mynewcomputer.—Don’tworry.I’llshowyouhow________it.A．using;using B．using;touse C．touse;touse D．touse;using10．（2022·江蘇宿遷·三模）Weneverdoubt________thePalaceMuseumisworth________.A．whether;visiting B．whether;tovisit C．that;visiting D．that;tovisit11．（2022·江蘇·南通市新橋中學(xué)一模）—________doyoucheckyourX-raymachine?—Wehaveit________everytwoyears.A．Howlong;checked B．Howoften;check C．Howoften;checked D．Howlong;check12．（2022·江蘇泰州·二模）BecauseofthewidespreadofthevirusOmicron,thegovernmentencouragespeople________indoorsinsteadofgoingtoanyplace________withcrowdsofpeopleduringholidays.A．staying;filling B．tostay;tofillC．staying;filled D．tostay;filled13．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mybrotherisgoodat________.A．toswim B．swim C．swam D．swimming14．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）ALifelongJourneywinshighpraisefromthepublic.Ithinkitiswellworth________.A．watch B．towatch C．watching D．watched15．（2022·山東·無(wú)棣縣教育科學(xué)研究中心二模）Weareconsidering________toHainanfortheSpringFestival.A．go B．togo C．going D．togoing16．（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·三模）—Don’tmakeanynoise.Yourbrotherisbusy________forhisexam.—Okay,mom.Iwillbequietathome.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepares17．（2022·山東·青島大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)二模）________aGPSwillmake________easierforyoutovisitastrangeplace.A．Totake;that B．Totake;it C．Take;that D．Take;it18．（2022·山東·曹縣教學(xué)研究室二模）Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes________arule________forawalkaftersupper.A．him...togo B．it...going C．it...togo19．（2022·湖北·房縣教學(xué)研究中心一模）—Youmustmakeaneffort________smoking.It’sbadforyourhealth.—You’reright.Itmightbehard,butit’sworth________.A．tostop;totry B．tostop;tryingC．stopping;totry D．stopping;trying20．（2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城區(qū)教學(xué)研究室二模）—The2022WinterOlympicGames________inBeijingachievedgreatsuccess.—Yeah,andI’mproudofit.A．held B．washeld C．hold D．isheld直擊中考直擊中考21．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised22．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold23．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）GoodnewscomesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore24．（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·中考真題）—Father,I’mafraidIcan’twintheEnglishcompetition.—Believeinyourself,mygirl,andtellyourself________.A．don’tgiveup B．nottogiveup C．togiveup25．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Doyouknowtherearemorethan3,000languages______intheworld?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke26．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）Manypeoplehavelosttheirhomesbecauseofwars.It’simportantforpeople________apeacefulworld.A．have B．had C．tohave D．tobehaving27．（2022·海南·中考真題）—Peteralwaysremembers________thelightoffwhenheleavestheroom.—That’sgreat.It’sagoodwaytosaveenergy.A．shut B．shutting C．toshut28．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）Theteachertoldus________toomuchnoisebecausetheotherstudentswerehavinganexam.A．tonotmake B．nottomake C．notmake D．notmaking29．（2022·四川廣元·中考真題）TheGreatWallissofamousthatalargenumberoftravellerswish______it.A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit D．visited30．（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps31．（2022·湖南岳陽(yáng)·中考真題）Manystudentspractice_______inthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.A．run B．run