2025屆福建省龍巖市高三下學(xué)期3月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題 含解析

龍巖市2025年高中畢業(yè)班三月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題(滿分：150分考試時(shí)間：120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.WhendidthewomanplantothrowapartyforTracy?A.Onthe25th.B.Onthe26th.C.Onthe27th.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Joiningaband.B.Quittingaband.C.Formingaband.3.Whatwillthewomanseetonight?A.Amovie.B.Amatch.C.Aprogram.4.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygotogether?A.Arestaurant.B.Amall.C.Apark.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Canceltheappointment.B.Withdrawsomemoney.C.Confirmherbill.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthewomanprobablywork?A.Atadesignfirm.B.Ataprintingshop.C.Atashippingcompany.7.Whatwillthewomando?A.Apologizetotheclient.B.Sendouttheinvitations.C.Getthemeasurementscorrected.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whyarethespeakerstalkingaboutthecar?A.It’stheman’sfirstcar.B.It’sabrandnewcar.C.It’sunderrepair.9.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisdecision?A.Regretful.B.Lucky.C.Determined.10.Whataspectofthecaristhemananxiousabout?A.Thegarage’sspacelimitation.B.Thecar’sspeedperformance.C.Thepotentialrepaircosts.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Astoremanager.B.Acityofficial.C.Atelevisionproducer.12.WhatprojectisBurrvilleCityCouncilinterestedin?A.Bicyclesharing.B.Healthandfitness.C.Trafficmanagement.13.WhatservicedoesBikeSolutionsConsultingoffer?A.Onlinecommercials.B.Exerciseprograms.C.TVcampaigns.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Howdidthemanknowabouttheactivity?A.Fromafriend.B.Fromanarticle.C.Fromanorganizer.16.Whatdoweknowabouttheactivity?A.Itwillselectawinningteam.B.Ithasatimelimitoffivehours.C.Itwillbejoinedinbythreeteams.17.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Gorockclimbing.B.Buyoutdoorequipment.C.Formtheirteam.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofgoodsleep.B.Thewaysofimprovingsleep.C.Theinfluenceofsleepenvironment.19.Howmanysubjectswereinvolvedinthestudy?A.20.B.40.C.60.20.WhatdoesDr.Zeeadvisepeopletodo?A.Sleepinthedark.B.Measurebloodsugarlevels.C.Reducetheuseofsleepmedicine.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestThingstoDoinFourUSStatesin2025IowaTheSurfBallroomisahistory-richvenuethat’splayedhosttomusiclegendslikeBuddyHolly.AllthatheritageiscelebratedannuallywiththeWinterDancePartythatcelebratesthestarsoftheBallroom’sgoldenage.TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.NorthCarolinaDurhamhassomethingextrafor2025.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.It’sthevisionofRhiannonGiddensandwilltakeplaceacrossurbanvenuesincludingthehistoricCarolinaTheatre.TennesseeFewplacesaremoreboundupwithElvisPresleythanMemphis,wheretherockerlivedformostofhisadultlife.Nosurprisethatthecitywillbe“allshookup”withcelebrationsforwhatwouldhavebeenPresley’s90thbirthday.ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.Ifyoucan’tmakeitfortheJanuarycelebrations,theElvis90for90Exhibit,tellingtheKing’sstorythrough90ofhispersonaleffects,willlastallyear.VirginiaBristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”—thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.Rentacartoexploremoreofaheritagetrailthatjoinsupthemuseumsandhistoricvenuestellingthestate’smusicalstory.1.Whicheventistoexplorethelocalmusicaltraditions?A.TheWinterDanceParty. B.TheElvis90for90Exhibit.C.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestival. D.TheBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestival.2.WhatisspecialaboutBristol?A.Ithousesjazzbands. B.Ithostsmusiclegends.C.It’scountrymusic’sbirthplace. D.Itfeaturessessionsofpopularmusic.3.Whoisthetextmorelikelyintendedfor?A.Music-lovingvisitors. B.Musiccomposers.C.Historymessengers. D.Travelagents.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年在美國四個(gè)州即將舉行的與音樂相關(guān)的最佳活動(dòng)，包括各個(gè)活動(dòng)的特色、地點(diǎn)以及部分活動(dòng)的歷史背景?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產(chǎn)，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍(lán)調(diào)以及藍(lán)草音樂。)”可知，ThenewBiscuits&Banjos音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)包括爵士樂、藍(lán)調(diào)以及藍(lán)草音樂在內(nèi)的音樂傳統(tǒng)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Bristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”——thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.(Bristol曾舉辦過“Bristol錄音會(huì)”——這些錄音會(huì)常被稱為鄉(xiāng)村音樂的“大爆炸”。)”可知，Bristol是鄉(xiāng)村音樂的重要起源地。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.(今年7月即將開放的一個(gè)全新的音樂拓展與沉浸式體驗(yàn)中心，將深入探究這段音樂歷史。)”、第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產(chǎn)，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍(lán)調(diào)以及藍(lán)草音樂。)”、第三段“ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.(慶?；顒?dòng)將于1月以現(xiàn)場音樂表演和主題游覽拉開帷幕。)”以及最后一段“TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.(如今，備受歡迎的Bristol節(jié)奏與根源重聚音樂節(jié)吸引了來自世界各地的美國本土音樂愛好者。)”可知，文章主要介紹了2025年美國四個(gè)州的與音樂相關(guān)的活動(dòng)和景點(diǎn)，包括沖浪舞廳的活動(dòng)、新的音樂節(jié)、貓王誕辰90周年慶?；顒?dòng)以及與鄉(xiāng)村音樂起源相關(guān)的活動(dòng)等。這些活動(dòng)和景點(diǎn)對(duì)于熱愛音樂的游客來說具有吸引力，他們可能會(huì)對(duì)這些音樂相關(guān)的內(nèi)容感興趣并前往這些地方參觀游覽，所以該文本很可能是為他們準(zhǔn)備的。故選A。BEnglish-languageeditionsoftwoentertainingandinsightfulnovels,CatCountryandMrMaandSon,writtenbyoneofChina’smostaccomplishednovelists,thelateLaoShe,willsoonbeonbookshelvesaroundthecountry.CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.PulitzerPrize-winningjournalistandliterarycriticIanJohnsonsaysinthebook’sintroduction,LaoShestretcheshimselffurtherthanever,producingoneofthemostremarkable,complicatedandinsightfulnovelsofmodernChina.Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.LaoShetaughtChineseattheUniversityofLondon’sSchoolofOrientalStudiesfrom1924to1929,atimewhentheBritishstillviewedChinaandtheChinesewithstrongmixtureofdistrust,dismissiveness,guiltandfearaftertwoopiumwarsandtheBoxerRebellion(1900).ItwastherethathebeganhiscareerasawriterofpatrioticbutcomplexfictionsaboutcontemporaryChina,writesUniversityofLondon’sseniorChineseliteraturelecturerJuliaLovellintheintroductionofMrMaandSon,whocallsit“thefirstChinesenoveltofacedirectlyBritishracismtowardChina”.BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.AstheygoaboutbuildingtheirnewlivesinLondonandstrivingtomaintainasenseofculturalself,theirownrelationshipsaretested.“Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.4.WhatdoesCatCountrystandasinChina’ssciencefiction?A.Apeak. B.Aturningpoint. C.Amiracle. D.Apilot.5.WhatdidLaoShe’sLondonexperiencecontributeto?A.Hiswritingstyle. B.Hiscareerasateacher.C.Hissenseoffamilyunity. D.HisprejudicetotheBritish.6.WhatmessageismainlyconveyedinMr.MaandSonaccordingtothetext?A.Businesschallenges. B.Cross-culturalconflicts.C.Tightbondsinfamily. D.ThebackwardnessofChina.7.InJoLusby’seyes,thetwobooks_______.A.highlightChina’ssocialconflicts B.establishLaoShe’sstatusinliteratureC.deepenLaoShe’sunderstandingofauthoring D.provideanangletolookintoChina’sidentity【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了中國著名作家老舍的兩部小說《貓城記》和《二馬》的英文版即將在全國書店上架，并通過引用多位評(píng)論家的觀點(diǎn)以及書籍內(nèi)容概述，對(duì)這兩部作品進(jìn)行了深入的介紹和評(píng)價(jià)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.(《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領(lǐng)域的首次嘗試，講述的是一位來自中國的太空旅行者迫降在一個(gè)外星星球上的故事。在這個(gè)星球上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)完全由貓人居住的國家。)”可知，《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領(lǐng)域的首次嘗試，這里的“firstventure”表明它是中國科幻領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)、開端，與選項(xiàng)D“pilot（試點(diǎn)，先驅(qū)）”意思相符。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.(人們認(rèn)為，書中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法受到了這位已故作家早年在倫敦經(jīng)歷的影響。)”可知，老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷對(duì)他作品中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法產(chǎn)生了影響，即影響了他的寫作風(fēng)格。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.(以老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷為基礎(chǔ)，這部小說展現(xiàn)了馬家父子搬到倫敦經(jīng)營一家古玩店后，努力應(yīng)對(duì)20世紀(jì)20年代英國社會(huì)根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程。)”可知，《二馬》這部小說以老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷為基礎(chǔ)，展示了馬家父子搬到倫敦后，努力應(yīng)對(duì)20世紀(jì)20年代英國社會(huì)根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程，這體現(xiàn)了跨文化沖突。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.(企鵝中國的董事總經(jīng)理JoLusby表示：“我們認(rèn)為，這兩本書讓人們得以深入了解老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式。他通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。這些文字在今天和20世紀(jì)30年代首次創(chuàng)作時(shí)一樣具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義?！?”可知，JoLusby認(rèn)為這兩本書通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，為探究老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式提供了一個(gè)有趣的視角，同時(shí)也探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。也就是說這兩本書提供了一個(gè)看待中國身份的角度。故選D。CWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inParagrah1probablymean?A.Worn-outsayings. B.Confirmedprinciples. C.Convincingexamples. D.Commonstatements.9.Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A.Highersuccessrate. B.Norepetitionofmistakes.C.Variednegativeemotions. D.Overoptimismaboutresults.10.Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A.Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B.Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C.Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D.Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BravingFailuresForSuccess B.TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC.Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated D.SuccessGoesHandInHandWithFailure【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章對(duì)“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點(diǎn)提出了質(zhì)疑，并論述了人們往往不能從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，以及這種錯(cuò)誤觀念可能導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)實(shí)后果?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.(但研究人員在一份新報(bào)告中指出，有確鑿證據(jù)表明，這樣的觀念是錯(cuò)誤的，并且可能在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。)”可推測，劃線單詞的意思和“常見的、被廣泛提及的”相似。選項(xiàng)D“Commonstatements.”，意為“常見的陳述”，與此相符。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.(一系列由1800多名參與者參與的11項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們通常不會(huì)從失敗中獲得智慧，而且指望他們這樣做可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生潛在的嚴(yán)重后果：人們大大高估了那些之前考試未通過的準(zhǔn)護(hù)士、律師和教師在再次參加職業(yè)資格考試時(shí)的通過率。護(hù)士往往會(huì)高估同事從過去的錯(cuò)誤中所能學(xué)到的東西。人們以為心臟病患者會(huì)接受更健康的生活方式，但實(shí)際上很多人并沒有。)”以及第五段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”(Eskreis-Winkler說：“人們期望失敗后能成功的頻率，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于實(shí)際情況。人們通常認(rèn)為過去的行為可以預(yù)測未來的行為，所以令人驚訝的是，當(dāng)涉及到失敗后能否成功時(shí)，我們常常持有相反的觀點(diǎn)?！?”可知，人們往往認(rèn)為失敗后會(huì)成功，但實(shí)際并非如此，這種想法會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們高估失敗后成功的概率，對(duì)結(jié)果過于樂觀。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.(研究人員表示，告訴人們失敗后會(huì)成功也許能減輕失敗帶來的痛苦，但這種思維方式并不會(huì)自然而然地讓人們吸取教訓(xùn)。另一方面，當(dāng)人們了解到失敗實(shí)際上很少能帶來好結(jié)果的更多信息時(shí)，他們可以調(diào)整對(duì)他人的期望。)”可知，人們常常高估失敗后會(huì)成功的情況，實(shí)際上很多人不會(huì)從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)人們了解到失敗很少能帶來好結(jié)果的更多信息時(shí)，應(yīng)該調(diào)整對(duì)他人的期望。選項(xiàng)B“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.(降低對(duì)戒煙失敗的吸煙者的期望)”符合文章中提到的糾正對(duì)失敗的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知，作者可能會(huì)認(rèn)可。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”(該研究的首席研究員LaurenEskreis-Winkler是西北大學(xué)管理與組織學(xué)助理教授，她在一份新聞稿中表示：“人們常常把‘是什么’和‘應(yīng)該是什么’混為一談。人們應(yīng)該留意并從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)，但他們往往做不到，因?yàn)槭?huì)讓人失去動(dòng)力，還會(huì)威脅到自尊心?！?”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇以溫斯頓?丘吉爾的話引出關(guān)于“失敗導(dǎo)致成功”這一觀點(diǎn)，接著指出有證據(jù)表明這種觀念是錯(cuò)誤的。隨后通過一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)說明人們通常不會(huì)從失敗中獲得智慧，且往往高估失敗后成功的可能性，還提到糾正對(duì)失敗的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知的意義。選項(xiàng)C“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated(失敗的益處可能被高估了)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章主旨，即人們認(rèn)為失敗能帶來成功等益處這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的，失敗的益處被高估了。故選C。DAsleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.Forthestudyresearchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.Thequestionswerebasedonastandardizedframeworksocialscientistsusetoassesspeople’sjudgmentsofrightandwrong.Thisframework,calledmoralfoundationstheory,setsupataxonomy(分類學(xué))of“fiveprettyfundamentalvaluesthatshapehumansocialbehavior,”saysleadauthorIanHohm,apsychologygraduatestudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theframeworkconsidersloyalty,authority,andpuritytobe“binding”(有約束力的)valuesthatpromotegroupunityandobservance.Theseprinciples,oftenassociatedwithpoliticalconservatism,consistentlyreceivedweakerrecognitioninsummerandwinter.Andinsummer,themoreextremetheseasonalweatherdifferences,themorepronouncedtheeffect.Careandfairnessareconsidered“individualizing”valuesrelatedtoindividualrights.Theseprinciplesshowednoconsistentseasonalpattern.Oneexplanationforseasonalswingscouldbeanxiety.Usinga90,000-respondentsurveydataset,aswellasdataonInternetsearchfrequencies,theresearchersfoundthatanxietylevelsalsopeakinspringandfall.“Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenanxietyandthreat,”saysUniversityofNottinghampsychologistandstudycoauthorBrianO’Shea.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareathigherriskofseasonalillnessestendtobemoredistrustfulandmorelikelytofollowmajorityopinion.“Whenyou’rethreatened,”O(jiān)’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪審團(tuán))decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(邊緣化的)groups.”IanHohmagreesthatsuchapatternwouldn’taffecteveryonethesamewaybutemphasizesthatthestudyhighlightstheseasons’effectonhumanpsychology.12.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A.Theyexaminedpeople’sdigitalfeedback. B.Theyevaluatednetizens’socialbehavior.C.Theysetupascientificmoralframework. D.Theycategorizeddifferentvaluepatterns.13.Whichbehaviorismostcloselyrelatedtoseasonalanxietypeaks?A.Safeguardingindividualrights. B.Seekingin-groupprotection.C.Beingfaithfultoone’steam. D.Makingreliabledecisions.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromIvoryA.Toldson’swords?A.Thestudyoveremphasizesdatafromthewest. B.Thesurveyshouldcoveralargerrangeofsubjects.C.Humansareseasonalbeingswithvariedbehaviors. D.Ignoringtheresearchofsidelinedgroupsisrisky.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thechangesinnatureandhumans. B.Moralvaluesvaryfrompersontoperson.C.Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear. D.Theimpactofseasonsonone’smentalhealth.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)研究，闡述了季節(jié)變化對(duì)人類道德價(jià)值觀的影響，并分析了可能的原因，同時(shí)指出了研究的意義和局限性?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員分析了來自美國民眾的超過23萬份在線調(diào)查回復(fù)——這些回復(fù)涵蓋了十年的時(shí)間跨度。)”可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員分析了來自美國民眾的超過23萬份長達(dá)十年時(shí)間跨度的在線調(diào)查回復(fù)，這些在線調(diào)查回復(fù)屬于人們的數(shù)字化反饋信息。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Whenyou’rethreatened,”O(jiān)’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪審團(tuán))decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.(“當(dāng)你受到威脅時(shí)，”O(jiān)’Shea解釋道，“你就會(huì)想要從你的群體中獲得保護(hù)?！痹撗芯康淖髡邆儽硎?，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，季節(jié)時(shí)間可能會(huì)影響陪審團(tuán)的裁決、疫苗接種活動(dòng)——甚至是選舉結(jié)果。)”可知，當(dāng)人們處于受到威脅的狀態(tài)時(shí)，也就是焦慮狀態(tài)，會(huì)想要從自己的群體中獲得保護(hù)，所以與季節(jié)性焦慮峰值最密切相關(guān)的行為是尋求群體保護(hù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(邊緣化的)groups.”(霍華德大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家IvoryA.Toldson指出，這項(xiàng)研究依賴于來自“西方、受過教育、工業(yè)化、富裕且民主”人群的數(shù)據(jù)，并提醒說，從這樣的結(jié)果中進(jìn)行概括存在“忽視邊緣化群體獨(dú)特道德體驗(yàn)”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，IvoryA.Toldson指出該研究依賴于來自“西方、受過教育、工業(yè)化、富裕且民主”人群的數(shù)據(jù)，并警告說，從這樣的結(jié)果中進(jìn)行概括存在“忽視邊緣化群體獨(dú)特道德體驗(yàn)”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這意味著，當(dāng)前研究的調(diào)查對(duì)象范圍較窄，僅局限于特定的“WEIRD”人群，所以應(yīng)該涵蓋更大范圍的調(diào)查對(duì)象，這樣才能更全面準(zhǔn)確地得出結(jié)論。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.(隨著樹葉飄落、雪花紛飛或鮮花綻放，人類也在以可衡量的方式發(fā)生著變化。研究表明，一系列心理現(xiàn)象——比如我們的情緒狀態(tài)、飲食和鍛煉習(xí)慣，甚至對(duì)顏色的偏好——會(huì)在一年中波動(dòng)變化。而現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上的研究展示了道德價(jià)值觀是如何也會(huì)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇指出人類的一些心理現(xiàn)象會(huì)隨季節(jié)變化，接著通過一項(xiàng)研究表明道德價(jià)值觀也會(huì)隨季節(jié)波動(dòng)。研究人員分析了大量在線調(diào)查回復(fù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)忠誠、權(quán)威和純潔等“有約束力的”價(jià)值觀在夏季和冬季得到的認(rèn)可程度較低，且季節(jié)性天氣差異越大影響越明顯，而關(guān)愛和公平等“個(gè)體化”價(jià)值觀沒有一致的季節(jié)性模式，還探討了季節(jié)性波動(dòng)可能與焦慮有關(guān)，最后提到研究存在的局限性。選項(xiàng)C“Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear(價(jià)值觀可能會(huì)隨一年中的時(shí)間變化而改變)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章主旨。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.____16____.Let’stakealookatsometruthsaboutinnerbeautyvsouterbeauty.●____17____Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.●Largelyuncontrollableouterbeauty,cultivableinnerbeautyOuterbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.____18____.Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.____19____.●Traits(特征)thatpeoplelovemostWhenaskedwhattraitstheymostlookforinacoupleoralifepartner,thevastmajorityofpeoplenamethingsthathaveabsolutelynothingtodowithouterbeauty.Someofthetopresponsesthatmaketheaveragelistarethefollowing:kindness,loyalty,agoodsenseofhumor,trustworthiness,asupportivenature,generosity,integrity,understandingandcompassion.____20____.Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.A.Greatouterbeauty,strikinginnerbeautyB.However,innerbeautycanbeearnedeffortlesslyC.Subjectiveouterbeauty,universallyvisibleinnerbeautyD.Incontrast,youdon’tneedacenttocultivateinnerbeautyE.Yet,weoftenadorethepeoplemostfortheirpersonalitytraitsF.InnerbeautyandouterbeautyarenotenemiesbutcompanionsG.Evenbetter,theycanbedevelopedbyanyoneinanycircumstances【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了內(nèi)在美和外在美的區(qū)別以及二者的關(guān)系。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.(外在美和內(nèi)在美有很大的不同，它們都有自己的位置。在我們以年輕人為主導(dǎo)的文化中，外在的吸引力往往被放在別人的可取性的首位)”可知，上文提到“外在的吸引力往往被放在別人的可取性的首位”，推測本句說明內(nèi)在對(duì)人的吸引力。故E選項(xiàng)“然而，我們往往最崇拜的人是他們的個(gè)性特征”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.(人與人之間的外貌差異很大，不同的人認(rèn)為不同的特征有吸引力。相比之下，內(nèi)在美往往被廣泛欣賞。以戴安娜王妃為例。雖然大家對(duì)她的外表評(píng)價(jià)不一，但她樂于助人的態(tài)度給大家留下了深刻的印象)”可知，本段主要說明了外在美是個(gè)人的主觀感受，但內(nèi)在美是人們普遍認(rèn)可的。故C選項(xiàng)“主觀的外在美，普遍可見的內(nèi)在美”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Outerbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.(外在美可以通過整形手術(shù)、化妝、染發(fā)、鍛煉和調(diào)整服裝來實(shí)現(xiàn))”可知，上文解釋了外在美可以如何提高，推測本句要說明如何培養(yǎng)內(nèi)在美。故D選項(xiàng)“相反，你不需要一分錢來培養(yǎng)內(nèi)在美”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.(你可以通過圖書館、在線視頻或?qū)W術(shù)資源免費(fèi)閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)各種不同的科目。參與慈善工作或非營利組織是另一種培養(yǎng)內(nèi)在美的好方法。一顆奉獻(xiàn)的心和對(duì)他人的真誠關(guān)懷是兩種無與倫比的品質(zhì))”可知，上文提到了如何培養(yǎng)內(nèi)在美?？仗幬挥诙文?，應(yīng)承接上文。故G選項(xiàng)“更妙的是，任何人在任何情況下都可以發(fā)展它們”符合語境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.(它們共存于一種復(fù)雜而美麗的舞蹈中，這種舞蹈因人而異。真正的美超越外表，根植于人的精神。它是主觀的，看重的是我們是誰，而不是我們的外表)”可知，本段主要說明了內(nèi)在美和外在美的關(guān)系，后文指出共存于一種復(fù)雜而美麗的舞蹈中，推測兩者是相伴相生的關(guān)系。故F選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)在美和外在美不是敵人，而是伙伴”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Therecomesatimeforeveryfamilywhenthetablesturnandtheparenthastoanswertothechild.Minecameduringmyfirststayinyearswithourelderson,Nathaniel.Awholeweekunderhisroof!“Dad,don’tleavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingteet