螺栓連接的構(gòu)造與識圖TheConstructionandr

螺栓連接的構(gòu)造與識圖TheConstructionandrecognitionofboltedconnections優(yōu)點(diǎn)施工簡單，裝拆方便，對安裝工的要求高。耐疲勞，易阻止裂紋擴(kuò)展。摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接動力性能好。advantagesTheconstructionissimple,theassemblyanddisassemblyareconvenient,andtherequirementsforinstallersarehighFatigueresistance,easytopreventcrackpropagationFrictiontypehigh-strengthboltconnectionhasgooddynamicperformance.費(fèi)料、開孔截面削弱缺點(diǎn)螺栓孔加工精度要求高disadvantagesMaterial,openholesectionweakenedThemachiningaccuracyofboltholesrequireshigh認(rèn)識螺栓連接TheRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓連接普通螺栓高強(qiáng)螺栓A級B級C級按外形分大六角頭扭剪型按設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則分摩擦型承壓型普通螺栓六角頭高強(qiáng)螺栓認(rèn)識螺栓連接BoltedconnectionOrdinaryboltsHighstrengthboltsAclassBclassCclassOrdinaryboltsByformfactorAccordingtothedesignguidelinesLargehexagonalheadFrictiontypePressure-bearingtypeTwistedscissortypeHexagonalheadhigh-strengthboltsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓性能等級符號螺栓性能等級標(biāo)號有兩部分?jǐn)?shù)字組成，分別表示螺栓材料的公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度值和屈強(qiáng)比值。例如，性能等級4.6級的螺栓，其含義是：螺栓材質(zhì)公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度達(dá)400MPa級。螺栓材質(zhì)的屈強(qiáng)比值為0.6。螺栓材質(zhì)的公稱屈服強(qiáng)度達(dá)400×0.6=240Mpa認(rèn)識螺栓連接BoltperformanceclasssymbolTheboltperformancegradedesignationconsistsoftwonumbers,indicatingthenominaltensilestrengthvalueandyieldratiovalueoftheboltmaterial.Forexample，Performanceclass4.6bolts,themeaningofwhichis:Thenominaltensilestrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400MPaTheyieldratiooftheboltmaterialis0.6Thenominalyieldstrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400×0.6=240MpaRecognizeboltedconnections普通螺栓連接基本情況BasicsituationofordinaryboltedconnectionOrdinaryboltstypeRefineboltsRoughboltsPerformancelevelGradesAandBClassCGrade5.6and8.8Levels4.6and4.8ProcessingmethodThelatheismachinedAsinglepartwaspunchedlasttimeMachiningaccuracyClassIhole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis0.2~0.5mmClassII.hole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis1.0~1.5mmShearresistanceGoodSlippagewillbeproduced,pooruseStructureswithhighcomponentaccuracy(mechanicalstructure);Itisrarelyusedinsteelstructures.Tensileconnectionalongtheboltrodshaft;secondaryshearconnection;Temporaryfixationoftheinstallation.Basicsituationofordinarybolts認(rèn)識螺栓連接Recognizeboltedconnections2高強(qiáng)螺栓連接基本情況圖a大六角頭螺栓圖b扭剪型螺栓

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2341-螺栓；2-墊圈；3-螺母；4-螺絲;5-槽口1235高強(qiáng)螺栓連接:由45號、40B和20MnTiB鋼加工而成，并經(jīng)過熱處理。等級:8.8級（830Mpa）、10.9級（1040Mpa)。形式:大六角頭、扭剪型。認(rèn)識螺栓連接Basicsituationofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionHigh-strengthboltedconnection:processedfromNo.45,40Band20MnTiBsteel,andheattreated.Grade:8.8(830Mpa),10.9(1040Mpa)Form:largehexagonalhead,twistscissortype1-bolt2-Gasket3-Nuts4-Screws5-NotchFigureALargehexheadboltFig.BTorsion-shearboltsRecognizeboltedconnections傳力途徑：

按確定承載力極限不同高強(qiáng)度螺栓摩擦型連接高強(qiáng)度螺栓承壓型連接被連板件間摩擦力傳力摩擦力被克服螺栓桿與孔壁承壓螺栓桿被剪壞孔壁被壓壞設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則：動力荷載構(gòu)件靜力或間接動力荷載構(gòu)件應(yīng)用：（1）螺栓桿被剪壞（2）孔壁的擠壓破壞高強(qiáng)螺栓連接基本情況認(rèn)識螺栓連接ThelimitofbearingcapacityisdetermineddifferentlyHigh-strengthboltfrictiontypeconnectionHigh-strengthboltpressure-bearingtypeconnectionThefrictionbetweentheconnectedplatestransmitsforceTheboltrodisunderpressureagainsttheholewallFrictionisovercomeTheboltrodisshearedThewallsoftheholearecrushedDynamicloadmembersStaticorindirectdynamicloadmembersForcetransmissionpathwayDesignguidelinesapply(1)Theboltrodissheared(2)ExtrusionfailureoftheholewallRecognizeboltedconnections表2高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接的孔型尺寸匹配高強(qiáng)度螺栓孔應(yīng)采用鉆成孔（一般為Ⅱ類孔），承壓型連接采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓孔。高強(qiáng)螺栓連接基本情況認(rèn)識螺栓連接High-strengthboltholesshouldbedrilledintoholes(generallyClassIIholes),andstandardroundholesshouldbeusedforpressure-bearingconnections.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionBoltnominalratingStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesdiameterdiameterShort-orientedLongdirectionHoletypeRecognizeboltedconnections表2高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接的孔型尺寸匹配摩擦型連接可采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)孔、大圓孔和槽孔。高強(qiáng)螺栓連接基本情況認(rèn)識螺栓連接HoletypeStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesLongdirectionShort-orienteddiameterdiameterFrictionconnectionsareavailablewithstandard,largeroundandslotholes.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionRecognizeboltedconnectionsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓在構(gòu)件上的排列應(yīng)符合簡單整齊、規(guī)格統(tǒng)一、布置緊湊的原則，其連接中心宜與被連接構(gòu)件截面的重心相一致。螺栓連接的構(gòu)造與識圖BoltedconnectionconstructionanddrawingrecognitionThearrangementofboltsonthecomponentsshouldconformtotheprinciplesofsimpleandneat,uniformspecificationsandcompactarrangement,andtheconnectioncentershouldbeconsistentwiththecenterofgravityofthesectionoftheconnectedmember.螺栓的排列要求Requirementsforthearrangementofbolts并列錯列螺栓的排列要求TiedWrongcolumnRequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEndpitch簡單、整齊、緊湊所用連接板尺寸小，但構(gòu)件截面削弱大。B錯列A并列中距中距邊距邊距端距錯列排列不緊湊，所用連接板尺寸大，但構(gòu)件截面削弱小。螺栓的排列要求并列TiedWrongcolumnSimple,neatandcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateissmall,butthecross-sectionofthecomponentisweakenedgreatlyThearrangementisnotcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateusedislarge,butthecross-sectionofthememberisweakenedsmallTiedWrongcolumnEndpitchMediumrangeMediumrangeMarginsMarginsRequirementsforthearrangementofbolts1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或鉚釘?shù)淖畲?、最小容許距離注：(1)d0為螺栓孔或鉚釘孔直徑，t為外層較薄板件的厚度；

(2)鋼板邊緣與剛性構(gòu)件(如角鋼、槽鋼等)相連的螺栓或鉚釘?shù)淖畲箝g距，可按中間排的數(shù)值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或鉚釘?shù)淖畲蟆⒆钚∪菰S距離注：(1)d0為螺栓孔或鉚釘孔直徑，t為外層較薄板件的厚度；

(2)鋼板邊緣與剛性構(gòu)件(如角鋼、槽鋼等)相連的螺栓或鉚釘?shù)淖畲箝g距，可按中間排的數(shù)值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.邊距：垂直于內(nèi)力方向，螺栓中心至構(gòu)件邊緣距離。中距中距邊距邊距端距NN中距：螺栓中心至螺栓中心距離。端距：螺栓中心至構(gòu)件邊緣距離，平行于內(nèi)力方向。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEdgedistance:perpendiculartothedirectionofinternalforce,thedistancebetweentheboltcenterandtheedgeofthemember.Middledistance:distancebetweenthecenteroftheboltandthecenterofthebolt.Enddistance:distancebetweenboltcenterandmemberedge,paralleltothedirectionofinternalforce.EnddistanceMediandistancemarginmarginMediandistance端距端距中距邊距線距3d02d03d01.5d01.5d03d03d02d0端距邊距1.5d0(1.2d0)2d02d01.5d03d0端距并列錯列圖3螺栓最小容許距離螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEnddistanceEnddistancemisalignmentmarginmarginEnddistanceFIG.3MinimumallowabledistanceofboltMediandistanceEnddistanceSidebysideLinepitchmargin螺栓的識圖Diagramrecognitionofbolts螺栓的識圖Diagramrecognitionofbolts1.Thintenlinesindicatesthepositioningline2.Mindicatesthepositioningline3.φindicatesthedia