Q-GDW-1480-2015-分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

ICS29.240

Q/GDW

國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Q/GDW1480—2015

代替Q/GDW480—2010

分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

Technicalrulefordistributedresourcesconnectedtopowergrid

2016-03-31發(fā)布2016-03-31實(shí)施

國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司發(fā)布

Q/GDW1480—2015

目次

前言··································································································································································III

1范圍······························································································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··················································································································································1

4基本要求······················································································································································2

5電能質(zhì)量······················································································································································2

5.1一般性要求······································································································································································2

5.2諧波·················································································································································································3

5.3電壓偏差··········································································································································································3

5.4電壓波動(dòng)和閃變······························································································································································3

5.5電壓不平衡度··································································································································································4

5.6直流分量··········································································································································································4

5.7電磁兼容··········································································································································································4

6啟?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?

6.1一般要求··········································································································································································4

6.2啟動(dòng)·················································································································································································4

6.3切除·················································································································································································4

6.4恢復(fù)并網(wǎng)··········································································································································································4

7功率控制和電壓調(diào)節(jié)··································································································································4

7.1有功功率控制··································································································································································4

7.2電壓/無功調(diào)節(jié)·································································································································································4

8運(yùn)行適應(yīng)性··················································································································································5

8.1一般要求··········································································································································································5

8.2低電壓穿越······································································································································································5

8.3頻率適應(yīng)性······································································································································································5

9安全······························································································································································6

9.1一般性要求······································································································································································6

9.2防雷與接地······································································································································································6

9.3安全標(biāo)識(shí)··········································································································································································6

10繼電保護(hù)與安全自動(dòng)裝置·························································································································6

10.1一般性要求····································································································································································6

10.2電壓和頻率保護(hù)····························································································································································6

10.3線路保護(hù)········································································································································································7

10.4防孤島保護(hù)····································································································································································7

10.5自動(dòng)重合閘····································································································································································7

11通信與信息················································································································································7

11.1基本要求········································································································································································7

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11.2正常運(yùn)行信息································································································································································8

12電能計(jì)量····················································································································································8

13并網(wǎng)檢測(cè)····················································································································································8

13.1檢測(cè)要求········································································································································································8

13.2檢測(cè)內(nèi)容········································································································································································8

附錄A（資料性附錄）并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)充說明···································································································9

編制說明··························································································································································10

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分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

1范圍

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了新建和擴(kuò)建分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行應(yīng)遵循的一般原則和技術(shù)要求，改建分布式電

源、分布式自備電源可參照本規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司經(jīng)營(yíng)區(qū)域內(nèi)以同步發(fā)電機(jī)、異步發(fā)電機(jī)、變流器等形式接入35kV及以

下電壓等級(jí)電網(wǎng)的分布式電源。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅所注日期的版本適用于本文

件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。

GB2894安全標(biāo)志及其使用導(dǎo)則

GB14050系統(tǒng)接地的型式及安全技術(shù)要求

GB/T12325電能質(zhì)量供電電壓偏差

GB/T12326電能質(zhì)量電壓波動(dòng)和閃變

GB/T14285繼電保護(hù)和安全自動(dòng)裝置技術(shù)規(guī)程

GB/T14549電能質(zhì)量公用電網(wǎng)諧波

GB/T15543電能質(zhì)量三相電壓不平衡

GB/T19862電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備通用要求

GB/T24337電能質(zhì)公用電網(wǎng)間諧波

DL/T448電能計(jì)量裝置技術(shù)管理規(guī)定

DL/T5843kV～110kV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)裝置運(yùn)行整定規(guī)程

DL/T621交流電氣裝置的接地

DL/T634.5101遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)第5-101部分傳輸規(guī)約基本遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)任務(wù)配套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DL/T634.5104遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)第5-104部分傳輸規(guī)約采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳輸協(xié)議集的IEC60870-5-101

網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問

電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)安全防護(hù)規(guī)定發(fā)改委令2014第14號(hào)

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

公共連接點(diǎn)pointofcommoncoupling

電力系統(tǒng)中一個(gè)以上用戶的連接處。

3.2

并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)pointofinterconnection

對(duì)于有升壓站的分布式電源，指升壓站高壓側(cè)母線或節(jié)點(diǎn)。對(duì)于無升壓站的分布式電源，指分布式

電源的輸出匯總點(diǎn)。并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的定義可參見附錄A。

3.3

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變流器converter

用于將電功率變換成適合于電網(wǎng)或用戶使用的一種或多種形式的電功率的電氣設(shè)備。包括整流器、

逆變器、交流變流器和直流變流器。

3.4

同步發(fā)電機(jī)類型電源synchronous-machine-typepowersupply

通過同步發(fā)電機(jī)直接與電網(wǎng)相連的電源。

3.5

異步發(fā)電機(jī)類型電源asynchronous-machine-typepowersupply

通過異步發(fā)電機(jī)直接與電網(wǎng)相連的電源。

3.6

變流器類型電源converter-typepowersupply

全部或部分通過變流器與電網(wǎng)相連的電源。

3.7

孤島islanding

包含負(fù)荷和電源的部分電網(wǎng)，從主網(wǎng)脫離后繼續(xù)孤立運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)。孤島可分為非計(jì)劃性孤島和計(jì)劃

性孤島。

非計(jì)劃性孤島unintentionalislanding

非計(jì)劃、不受控地發(fā)生孤島。

計(jì)劃性孤島intentionalislanding

按預(yù)先設(shè)置的控制策略，有計(jì)劃地發(fā)生孤島。

3.8

防孤島anti-islanding

防止非計(jì)劃性孤島的發(fā)生。

3.9

反孤島裝置anti-islandingdevice

通過改變電壓或注入頻率擾動(dòng)信號(hào)等措施，破壞分布式電源孤島運(yùn)行的專用安全保護(hù)設(shè)備。

4基本要求

分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)應(yīng)遵循以下基本要求：

a）并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的確定原則為電源并入電網(wǎng)后能有效輸送電力并且能確保電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。

b）當(dāng)公共連接點(diǎn)處并入一個(gè)以上的電源時(shí)，應(yīng)總體考慮它們的影響。

c）分布式電源接入系統(tǒng)方案應(yīng)明確用戶進(jìn)線開關(guān)、并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)位置，并對(duì)接入分布式電源的配電線路

載流量、變壓器容量、開關(guān)短路電流遮斷能力進(jìn)行校核。

d）分布式電源可以專線或T接方式接入系統(tǒng)。

e）分布式電源并網(wǎng)電壓等級(jí)可根據(jù)各并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)裝機(jī)容量進(jìn)行初步選擇，推薦如下：8kW及以下可接

入220V；8kW～400kW可接入380V；400kW～6000kW可接入10kV；5000kW～30000kW以

上可接入35kV。最終并網(wǎng)電壓等級(jí)應(yīng)根據(jù)電網(wǎng)條件，通過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比選論證確定。若高低兩

級(jí)電壓均具備接入條件，優(yōu)先采用低電壓等級(jí)接入。

5電能質(zhì)量

5.1一般性要求

5.1.1分布式電源發(fā)出電能的質(zhì)量，在諧波、電壓偏差、電壓不平衡度、電壓波動(dòng)和閃變等方面應(yīng)滿足

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相關(guān)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

5.1.2通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的變流器類型分布式電源應(yīng)在公共連接點(diǎn)裝設(shè)滿足GB/T

19862要求的A級(jí)電能質(zhì)量在線監(jiān)測(cè)裝置，電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)歷史數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)至少保存一年。

5.2諧波

5.2.1分布式電源所接入公共連接點(diǎn)的諧波注入電流應(yīng)滿足GB/T14549的規(guī)定，不應(yīng)超過表1中規(guī)定

的允許值，其中分布式電源向配電網(wǎng)注入的諧波電流允許值按此電源協(xié)議容量與其公共連接點(diǎn)上發(fā)/供電

設(shè)備容量之比進(jìn)行分配。

表1注入公共連接點(diǎn)的諧波電流允許值

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)短路諧波次數(shù)及諧波電流允許值，A

電壓容量

2345678910111213

kVMVA

0.3810786239622644192116281324

610043342134142111118.5167.113

10100262013208.5156.46.85.19.34.37.9

3525015127.7125.18.83.84.13.15.62.64.7

——141516171819202122232425

0.381011129.7188.6167.88.97.1146.512

61006.16.85.3104.794.34.93.97.43.66.8

101003.74.13.262.85.42.62.92.34.52.14.1

352502.22.51.93.61.73.21.51.81.42.71.32.5

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電壓20kV的諧波電流允許值參照10kV標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。

5.2.2分布式電源接入后，所接入公共連接點(diǎn)的間諧波應(yīng)滿足GB/T24337的要求。

5.3電壓偏差

分布式電源并網(wǎng)后，所接入公共連接點(diǎn)的電壓偏差應(yīng)滿足GB/T12325的規(guī)定，即：

a）35kV公共連接點(diǎn)電壓正、負(fù)偏差的絕對(duì)值之和不超過標(biāo)稱電壓的10%（注：如供電電壓上下

偏差同號(hào)（均為正或負(fù)）時(shí)，按較大的偏差絕對(duì)值作為衡量依據(jù)）。

b）20kV及以下三相公共連接點(diǎn)電壓偏差不超過標(biāo)稱電壓的±7%。

c）220V單相公共連接點(diǎn)電壓偏差不超過標(biāo)稱電壓的+7%，-10%。

5.4電壓波動(dòng)和閃變

5.4.1分布式電源并網(wǎng)后，所接入公共連接點(diǎn)處的電壓波動(dòng)和閃變應(yīng)滿足GB/T12326的規(guī)定。

5.4.2分布式電源單獨(dú)引起公共連接點(diǎn)處的電壓變動(dòng)限值與電壓變動(dòng)頻度、電壓等級(jí)有關(guān)，見表2。

表2電壓波動(dòng)限值

r/（次/h）d/%

r≤14

1＜r≤103

10＜r≤1002

100＜r≤10001.25

注：r表示電壓變動(dòng)頻度，d表示電壓變動(dòng)。

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5.4.3分布式電源在公共連接點(diǎn)單獨(dú)引起的電壓閃變值應(yīng)根據(jù)電源安裝容量占供電容量的比例、以及系

統(tǒng)電壓等級(jí)，按照GB/T12326的規(guī)定分別按三級(jí)作不同的處理。

5.5電壓不平衡度

分布式電源并網(wǎng)后，所接入公共連接點(diǎn)的三相電壓不平衡度不應(yīng)超過GB/T15543規(guī)定的限值，公

共連接點(diǎn)的三相電壓不平衡度不應(yīng)超過2%，短時(shí)不超過4%；其中由各分布式電源引起的公共連接點(diǎn)三

相電壓不平衡度不應(yīng)超過1.3%，短時(shí)不超過2.6%。

5.6直流分量

變流器類型分布式電源接入后，向公共連接點(diǎn)注入的直流電流分量不應(yīng)超過其交流額定值的0.5%。

5.7電磁兼容

分布式電源設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的電磁干擾不應(yīng)超過相關(guān)設(shè)備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。同時(shí)，分布式電源應(yīng)具有適當(dāng)?shù)目?/p>

電磁干擾的能力，應(yīng)保證信號(hào)傳輸不受電磁干擾，執(zhí)行部件不發(fā)生誤動(dòng)作。

6啟停

6.1一般要求

通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源的啟停方式應(yīng)與電網(wǎng)企業(yè)協(xié)商確定；通過10（6）kV～35kV

電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源啟停時(shí)應(yīng)執(zhí)行電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)的指令。

6.2啟動(dòng)

6.2.1分布式電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)需要考慮當(dāng)前電網(wǎng)頻率、電壓偏差狀態(tài)和本地測(cè)量的信號(hào)，當(dāng)電網(wǎng)頻率、電壓

偏差超出本規(guī)定的正常運(yùn)行范圍時(shí)，電源不應(yīng)啟動(dòng)。

6.2.2同步發(fā)電機(jī)類型分布式電源應(yīng)配置自動(dòng)同期裝置，啟動(dòng)時(shí)分布式電源與配電網(wǎng)的電壓、頻率和相

位偏差應(yīng)在一定范圍。

6.2.3分布式電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)不應(yīng)引起配電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量超出規(guī)定范圍。

6.2.4分布式電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)確保其輸出功率的變化率不超過電網(wǎng)所設(shè)定的最大功率變化率。

6.3切除

除發(fā)生故障或接收到來自于電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)的指令以外，分布式電源同時(shí)切除引起的功率變化率不應(yīng)

超過電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)定的限值。

6.4恢復(fù)并網(wǎng)

系統(tǒng)發(fā)生擾動(dòng)脫網(wǎng)后，在電網(wǎng)電壓和頻率恢復(fù)到正常運(yùn)行范圍之前分布式電源不允許并網(wǎng)。在電網(wǎng)

電壓和頻率恢復(fù)正常后，通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源需要經(jīng)過一定延時(shí)時(shí)間后才能重新并網(wǎng)，

延時(shí)值應(yīng)大于20s，并網(wǎng)延時(shí)由電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)給定；通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源

恢復(fù)并網(wǎng)應(yīng)經(jīng)過電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)的允許。

7功率控制和電壓調(diào)節(jié)

7.1有功功率控制

通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源（除10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光伏發(fā)

電、風(fēng)電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目外）應(yīng)具有有功功率調(diào)節(jié)能力，輸出功率偏差及功率變化率不應(yīng)超過電網(wǎng)調(diào)

度機(jī)構(gòu)的給定值，并能根據(jù)電網(wǎng)頻率值、電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)指令等信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)電源的有功功率輸出。

7.2電壓/無功調(diào)節(jié)

7.2.1分布式電源參與配電網(wǎng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)的方式包括調(diào)節(jié)電源的無功功率、調(diào)節(jié)無功補(bǔ)償設(shè)備投入量以及

調(diào)整電源變壓器的變比。

7.2.2通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)應(yīng)滿足以下要求：

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Q/GDW1480—2015

a）同步發(fā)電機(jī)類型和變流器類型分布式電源應(yīng)具備保證并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)功率因數(shù)應(yīng)在0.95（超前）～0.95

（滯后）范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)節(jié)的能力。

b）異步發(fā)電機(jī)類型分布式電源應(yīng)具備保證并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)在0.98（超前）～0.98（滯后）范圍

可調(diào)節(jié)的能力。

7.2.3通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)和電壓調(diào)節(jié)能力應(yīng)滿

足以下要求：

a）同步發(fā)電機(jī)類型分布式電源應(yīng)具備保證并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)在0.95（超前）～0.95（滯后）范圍

內(nèi)連續(xù)可調(diào)的能力，并可參與并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的電壓調(diào)節(jié)；

b）異步發(fā)電機(jī)類型分布式電源應(yīng)具備保證并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)在0.98（超前）～0.98（滯后）范圍

自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的能力，有特殊要求時(shí)，可做適當(dāng)調(diào)整以穩(wěn)定電壓水平；

c）變流器類型分布式電源應(yīng)具備保證并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)處功率因數(shù)應(yīng)在0.98（超前）～0.98（滯后）范圍內(nèi)

連續(xù)可調(diào)的能力，有特殊要求時(shí)，可做適當(dāng)調(diào)整以穩(wěn)定電壓水平。在其無功輸出范圍內(nèi)，應(yīng)具

備根據(jù)并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電壓水平調(diào)節(jié)無功輸出，參與電網(wǎng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)的能力，其調(diào)節(jié)方式和參考電壓、電

壓調(diào)差率等參數(shù)應(yīng)可由電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)定。

8運(yùn)行適應(yīng)性

8.1一般要求

8.1.1分布式電源并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電壓在85％～110％標(biāo)稱電壓之間時(shí)，應(yīng)能正常運(yùn)行。

8.1.2當(dāng)分布式電源并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)頻率在49.5Hz～50.2Hz范圍之內(nèi)時(shí)，分布式電源應(yīng)能正常運(yùn)行。

8.1.3當(dāng)分布式電源并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的電壓波動(dòng)和閃變值滿足GB/T12326、諧波值滿足GB/T14549、間諧波值

滿足GB/T24337、三相電壓不平衡度滿足GB/T15543的要求時(shí)，分布式電源應(yīng)能正常運(yùn)行。

8.2低電壓穿越

8.2.1通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)直接接入公共電網(wǎng)，以及通過35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，應(yīng)具

備以下低電壓穿越能力：

8.2.2并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)考核電壓在圖1中電壓輪廓線及以上的區(qū)域內(nèi)，分布式電源應(yīng)不脫網(wǎng)連續(xù)運(yùn)行；否則，允

許分布式電源切出。具備更強(qiáng)低電壓穿越能力的分布式電源，可采用更高的低電壓穿越技術(shù)要求。

注：各種電力系統(tǒng)故障類型下的考核電壓為：三相短路故障和兩相短路故障

考核并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)線電壓，單相接地短路故障考核并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)相電壓。

圖1分布式電源低電壓穿越要求

8.3頻率適應(yīng)性

5

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通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)直接接入公共電網(wǎng)，以及通過35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源應(yīng)具備一

定的耐受系統(tǒng)頻率異常的能力，應(yīng)能夠在表3所示電網(wǎng)頻率范圍內(nèi)按規(guī)定運(yùn)行。

6

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表3分布式電源的頻率響應(yīng)時(shí)間要求

頻率范圍要求

變流器類型分布式電源根據(jù)變流器允許運(yùn)行的最低頻率或電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)要求而

f＜48Hz定；同步發(fā)電機(jī)類型、異步發(fā)電機(jī)類型分布式電源每次運(yùn)行時(shí)間一般不少于60s，

有特殊要求時(shí)，可在滿足電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提下做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。

48Hz≤f＜49.5Hz每次低于49.5Hz時(shí)要求至少能運(yùn)行10min

49.5Hz≤f≤50.2Hz連續(xù)運(yùn)行

頻率高于50.2Hz時(shí)，分布式電源應(yīng)具備降低有功輸出的能力，實(shí)際運(yùn)行可由電

50.2Hz＜f≤50.5Hz

網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)決定；此時(shí)不允許處于停運(yùn)狀態(tài)的分布式電源并入電網(wǎng)。

f＞50.5Hz立刻終止向電網(wǎng)線路送電，且不允許處于停運(yùn)狀態(tài)的分布式電源并網(wǎng)。

9安全

9.1一般性要求

為保證設(shè)備和人身安全，分布式電源應(yīng)具備相應(yīng)繼電保護(hù)功能，以保證配電網(wǎng)和發(fā)電設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)

行，確保維修人員和公眾人身安全，其保護(hù)裝置的配置和選型應(yīng)滿足所轄電網(wǎng)的技術(shù)規(guī)范和反事故措施。

a）接有分布式電源的10kV配電臺(tái)區(qū)，不應(yīng)與其他臺(tái)區(qū)建立低壓聯(lián)絡(luò)（配電室、箱式變低壓母線

間聯(lián)絡(luò)除外）；

b）分布式電源的接地方式應(yīng)和配電網(wǎng)側(cè)的接地方式相協(xié)調(diào)，并應(yīng)滿足人身設(shè)備安全和保護(hù)配合的

要求；

c）通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，應(yīng)在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)安裝易操作、可閉鎖、具有

明顯開斷點(diǎn)、帶接地功能、可開斷故障電流的開斷設(shè)備；

d）通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的變流器類型分布式電源，應(yīng)在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)安裝易操作，具有明顯開斷指

示、具備開斷故障電流能力的開關(guān)，開關(guān)應(yīng)具備失壓跳閘及檢有壓合閘功能。

9.2防雷與接地

分布式電源的防雷和接地應(yīng)符合GB14050和DL/T621的相關(guān)要求。

9.3安全標(biāo)識(shí)

9.3.1對(duì)于通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，連接電源和電網(wǎng)的專用低壓開關(guān)柜應(yīng)有醒目標(biāo)識(shí)。

標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)標(biāo)明“警告”、“雙電源”等提示性文字和符號(hào)。標(biāo)識(shí)的形狀、顏色、尺寸和高度參照GB/T2894

執(zhí)行。

9.3.210（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源應(yīng)根據(jù)GB/T2894，在電氣設(shè)備和線路附近標(biāo)識(shí)“當(dāng)

心觸電”等提示性文字和符號(hào)。

10繼電保護(hù)與安全自動(dòng)裝置

10.1一般性要求

分布式電源的保護(hù)應(yīng)符合可靠性、選擇性、靈敏性和速動(dòng)性的要求，其技術(shù)條件應(yīng)滿足GB/T14825

和DL/T584的要求。

10.2電壓和頻率保護(hù)

10.2.1通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)直接接入公共電網(wǎng)，以及通過35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，其

電壓保護(hù)配置滿足應(yīng)8.2節(jié)低電壓穿越能力要求。

10.2.2通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)，以及通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)接入用戶側(cè)的的分布式電源，當(dāng)并網(wǎng)

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點(diǎn)處電壓超出表4規(guī)定的電壓范圍時(shí)，應(yīng)在相應(yīng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電。此要求適用于多相系統(tǒng)

中的任何一相。

表4電壓保護(hù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間要求

并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電壓要求

UU<50%最大分閘時(shí)間不超過0.2s

N

50%UU≤<85%U最大分閘時(shí)間不超過2.0s

NN

85%UU≤≤110%U連續(xù)運(yùn)行

NN

110%UU＜＜135%U最大分閘時(shí)間不超過2.0s

NN

135%UU≤最大分閘時(shí)間不超過0.2s

N

注1：UN為分布式電源并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的電網(wǎng)額定電壓。

注2：最大分閘時(shí)間是指異常狀態(tài)發(fā)生到電源停止向電網(wǎng)送電時(shí)間。

10.2.3通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)，以及通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)接入用戶側(cè)的的分布式電源，當(dāng)并網(wǎng)

點(diǎn)頻率超過49.5Hz～50.2Hz運(yùn)行范圍時(shí)，應(yīng)在0.2s內(nèi)停止向電網(wǎng)送電。

10.2.4通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)直接接入公共電網(wǎng)，以及通過35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，其

頻率保護(hù)配置滿足應(yīng)8.3節(jié)頻率適應(yīng)性的要求。

10.3線路保護(hù)

通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，并網(wǎng)線路可采用兩段式電流保護(hù)，必要時(shí)加

裝方向元件。當(dāng)依靠動(dòng)作電流整定值和時(shí)限配合，不能滿足可靠性和選擇性要求時(shí)，宜采用距離保護(hù)或

光纖電流差動(dòng)保護(hù)。

10.4防孤島保護(hù)

10.4.1分布式電源應(yīng)具備快速監(jiān)測(cè)孤島且立即斷開與電網(wǎng)連接的能力，防孤島保護(hù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間不大于2s，

其防孤島保護(hù)應(yīng)與配電網(wǎng)側(cè)線路重合閘和安全自動(dòng)裝置動(dòng)作時(shí)間相配合。

10.4.2通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源接入容量超過本臺(tái)區(qū)配變額定容量25%時(shí)，配變低壓側(cè)

應(yīng)配備低壓總開關(guān)，并在配變低壓母線處裝設(shè)反孤島裝置；低壓總開關(guān)應(yīng)與反孤島裝置間具備操作閉鎖

功能，母線間有聯(lián)絡(luò)時(shí)，聯(lián)絡(luò)開關(guān)也應(yīng)與反孤島裝置間具備操作閉鎖功能。

10.5自動(dòng)重合閘

10.5.1通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源采用專線方式接入時(shí)，專線線路可不設(shè)或停

用重合閘。

10.5.2接有通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源的公共電網(wǎng)線路，投入自動(dòng)重合閘時(shí)，

宜增加重合閘檢無壓功能；不具備檢無壓功能時(shí)，應(yīng)校核重合閘時(shí)間是否與分布式電源并、離網(wǎng)控制時(shí)

間配合（重合閘時(shí)間宜整定為2+Δts，Δt為保護(hù)配合級(jí)差時(shí)間）。

11通信與信息

11.1基本要求

11.1.1通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源（除10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光

伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目），應(yīng)具備與電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通信的能力，能夠采集電源的

電氣運(yùn)行工況，上傳至電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)，同時(shí)具有接受電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)控制調(diào)節(jié)指令的能力。

11.1.2通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源（除10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光

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伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目），與電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)之間通信方式和信息傳輸應(yīng)符合《電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)安

全防護(hù)規(guī)定》的要求。傳輸?shù)倪b測(cè)、遙信、遙控、遙調(diào)信號(hào)可基于DL/T634.5104和DL/T634.5101通

信協(xié)議。

11.1.3通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，以及通過10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光伏發(fā)電、

風(fēng)電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，可采用無線公網(wǎng)通信方式（光纖到戶的可采用光纖通信方式），但應(yīng)采取信息

通信安全防護(hù)措施。

11.2正常運(yùn)行信息

在正常運(yùn)行情況下，分布式電源向電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)提供的信息至少應(yīng)當(dāng)包括：

a）通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源（除10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光

伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目），應(yīng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)采集并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行信息，主要包括并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)開關(guān)狀態(tài)、

并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電壓和電流、分布式電源輸送有功、無功功率、發(fā)電量等，并上傳至相關(guān)電網(wǎng)調(diào)度部門；

配置遙控裝置的分布式電源，應(yīng)能接收、執(zhí)行調(diào)度端遠(yuǎn)方控制解/并列、啟停和發(fā)電功率的指令；

b）通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，以及10（6）kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式光伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)

電、海洋能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，可只上傳電流、電壓和發(fā)電量信息，條件具備時(shí)，預(yù)留上傳并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)開關(guān)

狀態(tài)能力。

12電能計(jì)量

12.1分布式電源接入配電網(wǎng)前，應(yīng)明確計(jì)量點(diǎn)，計(jì)量點(diǎn)設(shè)置除應(yīng)考慮產(chǎn)權(quán)分界點(diǎn)外，還應(yīng)考慮分布式

電源出口與用戶自用電線路處。

12.2每個(gè)計(jì)量點(diǎn)均應(yīng)裝設(shè)雙向電能計(jì)量裝置，其設(shè)備配置和技術(shù)要求符合DL/T448的相關(guān)規(guī)定，以及

相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程要求。電能表采用智能電能表，技術(shù)性能應(yīng)滿足國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司關(guān)于智能電能表的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

12.3計(jì)量裝置應(yīng)安裝于公共位置并考慮相應(yīng)的封閉措施，便于計(jì)量設(shè)備的檢查和管理。

12.4用于結(jié)算和考核的分布式電源計(jì)量裝置，應(yīng)安裝采集設(shè)備，接入用電信息采集系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)用電信

息的遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)采集。

12.5分布式電源并網(wǎng)前，應(yīng)由具備相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的單位或部門完成電能計(jì)量裝置的檢定、安裝、調(diào)試，電源

產(chǎn)權(quán)方應(yīng)提供工作上的方便。電能計(jì)量裝置投運(yùn)前，應(yīng)由電網(wǎng)企業(yè)和電源產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬方共同完成竣工驗(yàn)收。

13并網(wǎng)檢測(cè)

13.1檢測(cè)要求

13.1.1通過380V電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，應(yīng)在并網(wǎng)前向電網(wǎng)企業(yè)提供由具備相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的單位或

部門出具的設(shè)備檢測(cè)報(bào)告，檢測(cè)結(jié)果應(yīng)符合本規(guī)定的相關(guān)要求。

13.1.2通過10（6）kV～35kV電壓等級(jí)并網(wǎng)的分布式電源，應(yīng)在并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行后6個(gè)月內(nèi)向電網(wǎng)企業(yè)提供

運(yùn)行特性檢測(cè)報(bào)告檢測(cè)結(jié)果應(yīng)符合本規(guī)定的相關(guān)要求。

13.1.3分布式電源接入配電網(wǎng)的檢測(cè)點(diǎn)為電源并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)由具有相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的單位或部門進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，并

在檢測(cè)前將檢測(cè)方案報(bào)所接入電網(wǎng)調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)備案。

13.1.4當(dāng)分布式電源更換主要設(shè)備時(shí)，需要重新提交檢測(cè)報(bào)告。

13.2檢測(cè)內(nèi)容

檢測(cè)應(yīng)按照國(guó)家或有關(guān)行業(yè)對(duì)分布式電源并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行制定的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)定進(jìn)行，應(yīng)包括但不僅限于

以下內(nèi)容：

a）功率控制和電壓調(diào)節(jié)；

b）電能質(zhì)量；

c）運(yùn)行適應(yīng)性；

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d）安全與保護(hù)功能；

e）啟停對(duì)電網(wǎng)的影響。

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附錄A

（資料性附錄）

并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)充說明

對(duì)于有升壓站的分布式電源，并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)為分布式電源升壓站高壓側(cè)母線或節(jié)點(diǎn)；對(duì)于無升壓站的分布

式電源，并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)為分布式電源的輸出匯總點(diǎn)。如圖A.1所示，A1、B1點(diǎn)分別為分布式電源A、B的并

網(wǎng)點(diǎn)。

圖A.1并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)圖例說明

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分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

編制說明

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目次

一、編制背景··················································································································································12

二、編制主要原則··········································································································································12

三、與其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文本的關(guān)系···························································································································12

四、主要工作過程··········································································································································12

五、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容······································································································································12

六、條文說明··················································································································································13

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一、編制背景

為促進(jìn)分布式電源科學(xué)、有序發(fā)展，規(guī)范化分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司發(fā)展策

劃部組織中國(guó)電力科學(xué)研究院開展了《分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定》的修訂工作。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司《國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司關(guān)于下達(dá)2014年度公司技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂計(jì)劃的通知》（國(guó)

家電網(wǎng)科〔2014〕64號(hào)）的要求修訂。

二、編制主要原則

根據(jù)國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)劃，通過對(duì)分布式電源及其對(duì)電網(wǎng)影響的研究，結(jié)合我國(guó)電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)以

及電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行對(duì)電源的要求，編制了本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編制原則如下：

a）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編制的原則是遵守現(xiàn)有相關(guān)法律、條例、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和導(dǎo)則等，兼顧電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行和分布式電源并網(wǎng)

發(fā)電發(fā)展的要求。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)的國(guó)家法律法規(guī)包括：《中華人民共和國(guó)可再生能源法（修訂）》、

《中華人民共和國(guó)電力法》和《電網(wǎng)調(diào)度管理?xiàng)l例（1993）》（國(guó)務(wù)院第115號(hào)令）；

b）本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和基本原則是保障電網(wǎng)和分布式電源的安全和優(yōu)質(zhì)運(yùn)行；

c）本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編制兼顧了現(xiàn)有電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和配置，以及分布式電源的技術(shù)水平，分布式電源可以通過

合理的技術(shù)手段做到不影響電網(wǎng)的電能質(zhì)量和安全運(yùn)行，在不需要大量投資改變現(xiàn)有電力系統(tǒng)

結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展分布式電源。

三、與其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文本的關(guān)系

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編制過程中，參考了現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NB/T32015《分布式電源接入配電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定》、IEEE1547

《Standardforinterconnectingdistributedresourceswithelectricpowersystems》系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、德國(guó)BDEW

《Technicalguideline：generatingplantsconnectedtothemedium-voltagenetwork》及VDE-AR-N4105：

2011-08《Powergenerationsystemsconnectedtothelowvoltagedistributionnetwork》，并充分考慮了國(guó)家

電網(wǎng)公司內(nèi)分布式電源及電網(wǎng)發(fā)展實(shí)際情況，提出了合適的技術(shù)規(guī)定。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不涉及專利、軟件著作權(quán)等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)使用問題。

四、主要工作過程

a）2014年7月，確立編制工作的總體目標(biāo)，構(gòu)建編制工作小組，確定參編人員，開展編制前期研

究工作。

b）2014年8月，在工作組關(guān)于分布式電源對(duì)低壓電網(wǎng)影響的前期研究基礎(chǔ)上，編制了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的修訂

草案稿。

c）2014年10月，結(jié)合我國(guó)其它相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，修訂完善了《分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定》

的征求意見稿，并發(fā)往各部門、網(wǎng)省電力公司及相關(guān)科研機(jī)構(gòu)，廣泛征集了各相關(guān)單位的意見，

工作組根據(jù)相關(guān)意見對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了修改，形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)送審稿.

d）2014年11月，國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司召開了企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)審查會(huì)，組織相關(guān)專家對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的送審稿進(jìn)行了深

入的討論與研究，編制單位根據(jù)專家意見對(duì)送審稿進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充與完善，形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的報(bào)批稿。

五、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照《國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理辦法》（國(guó)家電網(wǎng)企管〔2014〕455號(hào)文）的要求編寫。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主題章包括10章，分別為第4章至第13章。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第4章基本要求是后續(xù)章節(jié)的共性和基礎(chǔ)性原則；第5至12章分別提出了分布式電源并網(wǎng)

在電能質(zhì)量、啟停、功率控制和電壓調(diào)節(jié)、運(yùn)行適應(yīng)性、安全、繼電保護(hù)與安全自動(dòng)裝置、通信與信息、

電能計(jì)量等方面的技術(shù)要求；第13章提出了分布式電源的并網(wǎng)檢測(cè)要求。

第4章主要介紹分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)應(yīng)遵循的基本原則，包括多個(gè)分布式電源接入同一個(gè)公共連接

點(diǎn)時(shí)的處理方法、接入系統(tǒng)方案應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)考