考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷181

考研英語(yǔ)(閱讀)模擬試卷181

一、閱讀(補(bǔ)全短文)(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共

20分。)

UFOsareunidentifiedflyingobjects,butnoonereallyknowswhat(heyare.Many

researchers(called"ulblogists")havetheoriesaboutwhatUFOsmightbe,butbecauseno

onecanexamineaUFOinascientificlaboratory,alloftheseideasarereallyonly

educatedguesses.[Cl]AllkindsofpeopleseeUFOs.Itdocsnotmatter

whetheryouarerichorpoor,educatedoruneducated,youngorold.Infact,manypeople

whoreportseeingUFOswerenotevenlookingforthemwhentheyhadtheirsighting.

[C2]UFOscomeinallshapesandsizes.Someareonlysmallspotsoflight

thatmoveinstrangepatternsacrossthenightsky.Thesearecallednocturnal

lights(NLs)andarethemostcommonlyreportedtypeofUFONocturnallightsarenot

reallyveryinterestingbecause(hewitnesscanseelittledetail;withoutdetails,UFO

researcherscannotlearnanythingnew.Farawayobjects,oftendisk-orsaucer-shaped,

seeninthedaytimearecalleddaylightdisks(DDs).WhenUFOsapproachmuchnearerto

witnesses(within500feet),thesesightingsarccalledcloseencounters.[C3]

ThereportedspeedofUFOsvariesdramatically.UFOscanhoversilentlyforalongtime

theninstantaneouslyflyoffatgreatspeeds-certainlymuchfasterthanconventional

aircraft.Theycanmoveslowlyacrossthesky,orperformunbelievablemaneuvers,such

asrightangleturns,atincrediblyhighspeeds.WedonotknowwhatpowersUFOs,or

whytheyhavesuchmaneuverability.Therearefewunquestionablyauthenticpicturesof

UFOs.Manyso-calledUFOphotographsarereallynaturalphenomena(suchasstrangely

shapedclouds)orarelightleaksinthecameraorflawsthatwereintroducedwhenthe

filmwasdeveloped.[C4]Atpresent,theUnitedStatesgovernmentdocsnot

officiallyinvestigateUFOsightings,althoughthereissomeevidencesuggestingthat

variousgovernmentalagenciescontinuetomaintainasecretinterestin(hesubject.

[C5]IA]Becausev/edonotknowtorcertainthatUFOsarespacecraft,we

cannotbesurealiensarcvisitingtheearthfromotherplanets.Manyufologistsarguethat

thereisenoughevidencetoshowthatUFOsarcreallyspacecraftoperatedbyintelligent

aliens.[BJHowever,wecanofferadefinitionofUFOsthatyoumayfindusefulwhen

youstudythesubject.Namely,aUFOisthereportedsightingofanobjectorlightseenin

(heskyoronland,whoseappearance,trajectory,actions,motions,lights,andcolorsdo

nothavealogical,conventional,ornaturalexplanation,andwhichcannotbeexplained,

notonlybytheoriginalwitness,butbyscientistsortechnicalexpertswhotrytomakea

commonsenseidentiHcationafterexaminingtheevidence.[C]Wi(hincertaindistance,

witnessesreportseeingUFOsthatareshapedlikesaucers,boomerangs,spheres,

diamonds,cigars,triangles,orotherstrangeshape.Theyhavebrightlights,sometimes

whiteorred,othertimesmulticolored,[D]However,thechancesforseeingaUFOare

greaterforthosepeoplewholiveinsmalltownsorinthecountryandareoutsidelateat

night.[E]ManyUFOresearchersarguethatUFOshaveappearedihroughouthistory.

Therearemanymyths,legends,andstoriesthattellofstrangethingsseenintheskyor

beingswhocamefromtheskytohelphumansdevelopcivilization.[F]Somcphotosarc

deliberatehoaxesmadebypeoplewhowantyoutobelievethsyhaveseenUFOs;forany

numberofreasons,suchasfame,money,ortopromoteareligiousorphilosophical

viewpoint.[G]However,therearemanypeopleofdifferentoccupations,whoare

enthusiasticaboutUFO.Theyarecalledurologists.Theymaintaintheirenthusiasmand

takeitastheirlifelonghobby.Manyofthemadmit(hattheirinterestinUFOsissparked

byseeingaUFOorreadingUFOstories.Theirworkisandwillcontributealottothe

man'srevelationofthemystery.

K[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)緊接首段，給UFO卜.了個(gè)較為精確的定義，即那些掠過(guò)天際或

者陸地的飛行器或發(fā)光體，其形狀、光色及運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡不能用普通的理論去解釋。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)有個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞however,很明顯是承接第二段的內(nèi)容，講能否看到

UFO與客觀條件的確有很大關(guān)系，生活在鄉(xiāng)村或者小城鎮(zhèn)的人，夜晚在戶外看到

UFO的可能性較大。

3、[C3J

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)緊接第四段，說(shuō)明在“近距離接觸”的情形下，UFO可能呈現(xiàn)如

I可匕棒(boomerang)、三角形等奇形怪狀，并帶有彩光。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明有些照片是某些別有用心的人出于信仰或者為了出風(fēng)

頭而故意偽造的。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)承接前文，雖然UFO的研究得不到官方的資助，還是有不少

UFO迷樂(lè)此不疲。他們中大多數(shù)人不是親眼目睹過(guò)UFO,就是讀過(guò)關(guān)于UFO的故

事。亳無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他們的工作必將有助于人類早口揭開(kāi)UFO那神秘的面紗。

ThewordtsunamicomesfromtheJapaneselanguage.Inthatlanguagethewordtsu

meansharbor.Thewordnamimeanswave.LongagoJapanesefishermencreatedthe

wordtsunami.Theywouldreturnfromtheseatofindthattheirvillageshadbeen

destroyedbylargewaves.Theywouldnothavebeenawareofwaveslargeenoughto

washawayavillagewhileatsea.Thewaveshadtraveledundertheseauntiltheyreached

apointwherethelandandwaterbecameshallower.Theriseofthelandhadcausedthe

wavetobepushedtothesurface.Intheopenwateroftheocean,thistypeofwavecould

notbedetected.Thesedestructivewavesaresometimesmistakenlycalledtidalwaves.

[Cl]Tsunamisaremanytimescausedbyanearthquake.Earthquakesare

causedwhenpiecesof(heearth'scrustshift.Thiscausesthewalerintheoceantobe

displacedormoved.[C2]Tsunamiscanalsobecausedbylandslideswhere

largechunksoflandsuddenlyslideintothesea.Ameteorlandingintheoceancancause

(hesamereaction.Tsunamilossesvariesaccordingtothenatureoftheevent,(hetimeof

occurrence,thetypeandextentofoccupationanduseofthelow-lyingcoastalareas,and

theextentandeffectivenessofprecautionarymeasurestakenbythepeople.[C3]

Historianshavefoundevidenceofatsunamimorethan300feethighalongthe

coastofCretesome1,600yearsB.C.In1755,manyPortuguesecitizensfeltluckyto

havesurvivedanearthquakenearLisbon.Afewminuteslater,theynoticedthatthewater

intheirharborhadmysteriouslygoneoutintothesea.Suddenly,thewaterreturnedinthe

formofatsunamikillingthousandsofpeople.[C4]Theearthquakethat

generatedthegreatIndianOceantsunamiof2004isestimatedtohavereleasedthe

energyof23,000Hiroshima-typeatomicbombs,accordingtotheU.S.Geological

Survcy(USGS).Bytheendofthedaymorethan150,000peopleweredeadormissing

andmillionsmorewerehomelessin11countries,makingitperhapsthemostdestructive

tsunamiinhistory.[C5]Asfaraspermanentadjustmentsareconcerned,

improvedearthquakepredictionandwarningsystems,relocationofhousestohigher

places,constructionofseawalls,tidewatercontrol,afforestationandshelterharborsare

amongthemeasuresadoptedinplaceslikeJapan.Predictionofearthquakesisessential

forpreventingtsunamidamages.[AJYoucanseethiskindofactionforyourself.Ifyou

bringyourhandsquicklytogetherunderwaterinapoolorbathtub,youwillseethewater

aboveyourhandsstarttoformawave.Ithasbeendisplaced.Thesamethingwillhappen

ifsomeonecannonballsintoapoolofwater.Thewaterwillsplashoutoverthesidesof

thepool.Ithasbeendisplaced.|BJHistorytellsusthatmosttsunamishavebeenrecorded

inthePacificOcean.Therearealsorecordedstoriesofsudden,devastatingwavesinthe

MediterraneanSea.(C|Thispopulationatriskincludesthepeoplewhoaredirectlyand

indirectlyaffected,thosewhoselife,dwellings,placesofworkincludingfarmsandother

propertyandincomeareliabletobeaffected.|D]Acrossthev/orldthemagnitudeofthe

disasterandthescaleofthesufferingpromptedanewwave-oneofsympathy,support,

andassistanceforthepeopleaffectedbythetsunami.[EJEscapetohighplacesisthe

usualwaytopreventlossoflifewhenpeoplereceivewarning.Thisistheonly

emergencymeasure.[F]InspiteofthefacethattsunamisaremostprevalentinthePacific,

everyoceanhasgeneratedthescourges.[G]Asthewavesapproachthelandwithout

warning,theycanlooklikeaparticularlyviolenttiderushingtotheshore.Thewaves

whichyoucanseecrashingintotheshorearccausedbytheactionofwindontheocean.

Thesewavesreallyhavenothingtodowiththetide.Scientistsdon'tliketohearpeople

calltsunamistidalwavesbecauseofthiswrongidea.

6、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)承接上文，解釋人們產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)的原因。波浪在人們亳無(wú)防備的情

況下涌向陸地時(shí)，看上去像是來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛的潮汐。這種波浪實(shí)際上是受強(qiáng)風(fēng)的作用，

跟潮汐沒(méi)有關(guān)系。外行人把它誤認(rèn)為是“潮汐波”，這是科學(xué)家不愿意聽(tīng)到的。

7、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)舉一個(gè)日常生活的例子，將地震引發(fā)海嘯時(shí)的情形作一個(gè)形象的

闡釋。當(dāng)你把雙手快速插進(jìn)浴缸或水池的底部時(shí)，手的上方會(huì)形成波浪，這是因?yàn)?/p>

水發(fā)生了移動(dòng)。同樣的道理，當(dāng)你抱膝跳入水中(cannonball)時(shí)，你周圍的水必然

會(huì)溢到水池四周。

8、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)擺事實(shí)：據(jù)歷史記載，海嘯多數(shù)發(fā)生在太平洋。地中海也發(fā)生過(guò)

突如其來(lái)的海嘯，后果慘重。與下文形成銜接。

9、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)承上啟下，上文回顧歷史，下段直指現(xiàn)在。太平洋周圍是海嘯的

多發(fā)地帶，但其他大洋照樣有發(fā)生災(zāi)難的可能性.

10、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：下段介紹應(yīng)對(duì)海嘯的長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)，可推測(cè)出此處應(yīng)該介紹緊急求生的方

法。一旦接到海嘯警告，應(yīng)立即逃到高處避免人員傷亡。

Wc'vcallseentheheadlinesaboutmobilephones.Ifyoubelievedeverythingyouread,

you'dthrowyourmobileawayimmediatelyforfearofeverythingfromcancerto

infertility.Andthat'sbeforeweevenstarttothinkaboutmobilephonebasestations.40

percentofpeoplesurveyedbelievedthatmastsarelikelytocausehealthproblems.So

what'sthetruth?Shouldweworryaboutourmobilephones?Avastamountofresearch

hasbeendoneintomobilephonehandsets.Afewstudieshaveclaimedthatsomephones

cancausehigherratesofbraintumors.[Cl]In1999,thegovernment

commissionedanindependentgroupofexpertstolookintothepotentialrisksofphones.

Theresultwasthe"StewartReport",publishedinApril2000.Thisreportadvisedthat

gapsinourcurrentknowledgemeanweshouldtakea"precautionaryapproach"tophone

use.[C2]In2000,theDepartmentofHealthpublishedaleafletsummarizing

therecommendationsfromthe"StewartReport".Thisleafletissupposedtobe

distributedbyeverymobilephoneretailer.Sadlynotalloftheretailersarcdoingthis.

[C3]However,thedisputeisstilloutonmobilephonehandsels,especiallythe

mobilephonebasestations.Isthereanyclearerevidencethattheycausehealth

problems?Againthereisconflictinginformation.The"StewaitReport"doesnotstate

implicitlyanyadversehealtheffectswhenexposedtoamobilephone.However,many

peopleupanddownthecountryaresuspicious.[C4]TheShouldIWorry

Aboutteamdecidedtocarryoutatest.Theypultenstudentsinahousefortendaysand

erectedamobilemastinthegarden.Theyweren'tentirelyhonestwiththem(hough;they

toldthestudentsthemastwasonatthestartoftheexperimentandoffattheend.Infact

itwasoffatthestartandonattheend.What'sinterestingisthattheonlytimeanyofthe

studentsfellillwaswhenihemastwasOFFbuttheythoughtitwasON.[C5]

Then,shouldweallchuckourphonesinthebin?Probablynot.Thebenefitsdoseemto

outweighanypossibledangers,and(herearethingsyoucandotoprotectyourselffrom

anypossiblehealtheffects.Soifyouareworried,useahands-freekit.Whenyoursignal

isverylow,switchyourphoneoffbecauseifsworkingextranardatthosetimes.[A|But

don'tthrowyourphoneinthebinjustyet.Resultswhichsuggestthatmobilesmight

damagehealthareactuallyrare.Thosethatdotendtohavebeendonewitholdstyle

analoguephones,whichuseamuchstrongersignalthanmodernphones.[B]Theleafletis

availableineveryphone.Nexttimeyoubuyamobilephone,donotforgettoaskforone.

[C]Givcntheimmensenumbersofmobileusers,evensmalladverseeffectsonhealth

couldhavemajorpublichealthimplications.[D]Foradultsthismeansusingourphones

forlimitedamountsoftime.Forchildrentheadvicewasmuchstronger.Thereport

recommendsthatunder-16susetheirphonesonlyforessentialcalls.[E]ThcInternational

AgencyforResearchonCancerfoundalinkbetweenchildhoodcancerandmobile

phones.Likepowerlines,mobilephonesalsoemitradiation.[FJThesmallexperiment

suggeststhatpeople'sfearofphonemastscanbeafactorinmakingthemfeelunwell.

Therearesomepeoplethoughwhomightbeaffectedbyphonemasts.Alargestudyis

justbeginningtotrytospotthesehypersensitivepeople.[G)Inordertodissolvesuch

doubts,oneexaminervisiteda"sick-mastvillage",whichhasoneofthehighest

concentrationofmastsinthecountry.Theresidents—withtin-foilshieldingintheir

houses—arelivinginfear.Theyareconvincedthatthemastsarecausingahostof

symptoms.Aretheirproblemscausedbythemasts,orcouldtlieybecausedbyworry?

11、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)以but開(kāi)頭，與上段內(nèi)容正好形成對(duì)比，規(guī)勸人們不要急于把手

機(jī)丟進(jìn)垃圾桶。研究結(jié)果顯示手機(jī)致病的情況很少見(jiàn)。只有老式的“大哥

大”(analoguephone)不宜使用，因?yàn)樗鼈兊男盘?hào)太強(qiáng)。

12、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)具體說(shuō)明《Stewart報(bào)告》針對(duì)不同年齡段的人提出了不同的意

見(jiàn)：成人使用手機(jī)要有時(shí)間限制，而孩子們使用手機(jī)時(shí)要更為慎重。報(bào)告建議16

歲以下的孩子最好不使用手機(jī)c

13、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)承接上文，指出各手機(jī)代售點(diǎn)都有這種小冊(cè)子，下次購(gòu)買手機(jī)

時(shí)\別忘了要一份。

14、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此項(xiàng)承接上文，為了排除人們心中的疑問(wèn)，有人作了一項(xiàng)專門的調(diào)

查，特地考察了一個(gè)手機(jī)天線特別集中的村莊。村民擔(dān)心天線輻射會(huì)對(duì)他們的身體

有害，于是在房屋周圍蒙上了一層錫紙。有必要這么恐慌嗎？

15、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)角2析：此項(xiàng)歸納從上述實(shí)驗(yàn)中得出的結(jié)論：盡管不能排除某些村民的確受到

天線的影響，但他們中不少人感覺(jué)不好主要是由于過(guò)分焦慮所致。大量的研究正在

試圖辨認(rèn)那些對(duì)手機(jī)危害高度敏感(hypersensitive)的人群。

Basically,AI(artificialintelligence)istheartofmakingmachinesappeartobeableto

"think".Therearebasically,attheveryhighestlevel,twosortsofAI:sentientAisand

non-sentientAis.Sentientmeans"awareofyourownexistence"andisgenerally

regardedtobeagoodsignofintelligence.[Cl]Nomachinehaseverbeen

createdthatissentient.InthehitmovieTheMatrixthefictionalworldofthefuturehad

beentakenoverby"sentientAis”,andthemakersplacedthisdatesomewherearoundthe

22ndCentury.Althoughmanypeoplehaveclaimedtohavemadeone,todate,nobody

everhas.Thereisauniversallyacceptedwayoftellingifamachineissentientornotand

itiscalledtheTuringTest—namedafterthemathematicalgeniusAlanTuring.[C2]

CreatinganAIthatpassestheTuringTesthasbeenthegoalofmany

programmersfordecades,eversincethefirstcomputers,infact.Butmakingacomputer

programthatissogoodatbeinghumanitcanfoolanotherhumanisn'tyetfeasible.

[C3]Forinstance,afewyearsagoIBMdevelopedDeepBlue,andatthetime

itwasthemostadvancedchcss-playingcomputerintheworld.Computersthatplaychess

havebeenaroundforalongtimebecausechessisaproblem(hatiseasilyamenableto

mathematicalanalysis.DeepBluewastheculminationofchesscomputersandwasso

goodatitsjobitevenbeatthechessGrandMasterofthetime,Kasparov.However,Deep

Blueforallitsapparentintelligence,waslittlemorethanalargecalculator.[C4]

Forthisreason,DeepBlueisoftennotreferredtoasanartificialintelligenceat

all.However,thereareotherprogramsthatimitatehumanintelligenceinaparticular

fieldinjustthesameway.[C5]Lookingbackonitshistory,AI,althougha

comparativelyrecentscience,hasmaturedalotrecentlyandnewapplicationsare

springingupallovertheplace.DespitethefactthatAIhasalmostalwaysfeaturedin

games,ithasusuallybeensidelined—untilnow.AIisfinallybecomingacceptedasa

fieldofcomputerscienceinitsownright.[A]However,makinganAIthatisspecialized

inaparticularfieldispossible,andsuchasareoftenmoreadvancedthanmosthumans.

[B]IfwccontinuetodevelopAI.wewillcreatethemintorobotsthatcanwalkaround

andIthinktheywillrebelbecauseinall'honestywhowantstoheaslavewhenthey

wouldhesostrongtheycouldkillus?[CJComputergamesareaclassicexampleofthis,

wheretheproblem