unit-2-space-invaders.ppt

1、Unit 2 Space Invaders,發(fā)表個人觀點(diǎn),生活方式,守時(shí),人際關(guān)系,生氣時(shí),自我,星期日街景,聚會,餐廳里,胃痛時(shí)的飲品,旅行時(shí),處理問題的方式,一日三餐,排隊(duì),Personal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal

2、 space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding others personal space can be rather offensive. The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:,Cultur

3、al information 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information, people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them; people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex; strangers and ca

4、sual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well; in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.,Cultural information 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,時(shí)代周刊,紐約客

5、,紐約時(shí)報(bào),華爾街日報(bào),Structural analysis,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2): The writer calls the readers attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.,Part II,(Paragraphs 3 7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and

6、attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.,Part III,(Paragraphs 8 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.,De

7、tailed reading1 some tired velvet rope ,some tired velvet rope (Paragraph 1),Explanation:,Here, the word “tired” means “drooping, loosened or slackened”.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1- Slinky,Slinky: n. A Slinky (“機(jī)靈鬼”，一種用軟彈簧做成的會翻跟頭的玩具) is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Ri

8、chard James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes. They can “walk” down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step, the springs momentum causing it to spill end over end from one step to the next.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1 u

9、ntil we were , until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky. (Paragraph 1),Paraphrase:, until we were all pushing against each other, leaving the line in disorder.,Detailed reading,snake: v. move in a twisting way,Detailed rea

10、ding1 snake,e.g.,The train was snaking its way through the mountains. The river snaked away into the distance.,Detailed reading,inch: v. move very slowly and carefully,Detailed reading1 inch,Detailed reading,e.g.,Howard inched forward in the crowd. He inched his way through the narrow passage.,depos

11、it: v. put money or something valuable in a bank or other place where it will be safe,Detailed reading1 inch,Detailed reading,e.g.,You are advised todepositvaluables in the hotel safe.,A 50depositis required when ordering, and the balance is due upon delivery,訂金,We ask for one months rent in advance

12、, plus a deposit of $500.,押金,deposit account (BrE) current account (BrE) checking account (AmE),存款帳戶,Detailed reading1- in mild annoyance,in mild annoyance: with a little anger or impatience mild: a. not very great in degree,e.g.,We looked at each other in mild astonishment.,Detailed reading,Synonym

13、:,slight,Detailed reading1- sidle,sidle: v. walk in a timid manner, esp. sideways , as if shy or nervous,Detailed reading,e.g.,A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match. She sidled over to me and asked if I recognized her.,Detailed reading1- scribble,scribble: 1) v. write or

14、 draw (sth.) carelessly or hurriedly,e.g.,He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving. She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand. Throughout the interview, the journalists scribbled away furiously.,Detailed reading,Synonym:,scrawl,2) n. U, sing. careless and untidy writing

15、,e.g.,How do you expect me to read this scribble?,Detailed reading1- shuffle,shuffle: v. walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground,e.g.,He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room. A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair.,Collocations:,shuffle s

16、th. off: avoid talking or thinking about sth. because it is not considered important,e.g.,He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.,Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2),Detailed reading2-Quesion,“Personal space” was a term p

17、opularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesnt mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protec

18、t their personal space as well as they used to do.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading2 The phrase ,The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it . (Paragraph 2),Paraphrase:,The phrase “personal space” sounds old-fashioned and reminds people of the seventies .,Detailed reading,Detaile

19、d reading2 The phrase ,limit vs. limitation n.,Detailed reading,The public is not allowed within a 2-mile of the missile site.,limit,speed,limit,速度限制,time/ age/ upper/ legal limit I know my limits. Im not an administrator.,Informal to know ones strong point and weak point,A nuclear limitation treaty

20、,the act of controlling or reducing 限制、制約,The survey conducted last week had its limitations.,Detailed reading2- ring,ring : n. tone or feeling of a particular kind, sound,e.g.,Her story had a ring of truth about it.,Detailed reading,gratifying: a. giving pleasure or satisfaction , pleasing,Detailed

21、 reading2 gratifying,e.g.,The new plan may be gratifying to the President.,Detailed reading,Derivations:,gratify v.; gratification n.,Detailed reading2penetrate,Detailed reading,penetrate: v. succeed in forcing a way through (sth.),e.g.,They penetrated into the territory where no man had ever gone b

22、efore. The suns radiation penetrates the skin.,Detailed reading3wedge,The people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner. Open the door wide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.,e.g.,Detailed reading,wedge: v. force into a narrow space; fix sth. in position by using a wedge or sth. else,Detai

23、led reading3 zigzag,Detailed reading,zigzag:,We zigzagged up the hill. The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.,e.g.,1) v. move forward by going at an angle first to one side, then to the other,2) n.,The path descended the hill in zigzags.,e.g.,3) a. only before noun,a zigzag line/path/pattern,e.g.,Det

24、ailed reading3 carve out,Detailed reading,carve out: establish or create sth. through painstaking effort,With months of strenuous work, the artist carved out a flower of ivory. Years of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.,e.g.,Detailed reading3 press,Detailed readi

25、ng,press: v. push, move, or make (ones way) strongly, esp. in a crowd,He pressed his way through the crowd. So many people pressed round the famous actress that she couldnt get to her car.,e.g.,Translation:,人群擠在她身邊，爭著要她的親筆簽名。,Crowds pressed round her, trying to get her autograph.,Detailed reading4 .

26、 Ive wondered ,Recently, Ive wondered if its the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less). (Paragraph 4),Paraphrase:,Lately , it has occurred to me that maybe the cause (of the space invasion) is the season: summer may make people want to be closer to those whose

27、 physical attraction is revealed by light summer clothing (though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).,Detailed reading,Detailed reading4 Or perhaps ,Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan is infusing so much caffeine in

28、to the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves. (Paragraph 4),Paraphrase:,Or perhaps the increasing coffee bars in Manhattan . attract more and more people, who are stimulated and excited by the caffeine they take in, so that they become eager to meet others and no longe

29、r want to remain in private.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading4 infuse,Detailed reading,infuse: v. fill or cause to be filled with sth.,Her novels are infused with sadness.,e.g.,Collocations:,infuse into/with: fill . with .,e.g.,He infused eagerness into the men. His speech infused the men with eage

30、rness.,Detailed reading4 keep to oneself,Detailed reading,keep to oneself: remain private; avoid meeting other people,She doesnt go out much; she likes to keep to herself.,e.g.,What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly a public matter”? (Paragraph 5),Detailed reading5-Quesion,Per

31、sonal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The,Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain d

32、istances between people as falling into four main categories: Intimate distance (0 1 wager sth./sb. that : bet money on sth.,2) wager (that): used to say that you are so confident that sth. is true or will happen that you would be willing to bet money on it,Ill wager that she knows more about it tha

33、n shes saying.,e.g.,Detailed reading6 plow,Detailed reading,plow: v. crash violently; force a way or make a track,A truck plowed into the back of the bus. She plowed her way through the waiting crowds.,e.g.,Spelling:,plow (American English) = plough (British English),Detailed reading7 lament,lament:

34、 v. express regret or disappointment over sth. considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair,e.g.,In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside.,Detailed reading,e.g.,She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.,Derivations:,lamentable: a. very disappointing, regrettable,lamentatio

35、n: n. (formal) an expression of great sadness or disappointment,Detailed reading7 Ive also noticed,Ive also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. (Paragraph 7),Paraphrase:,Ive als

36、o noticed that the problem of space invasion has become more and more serious, and that space invaders, acting in the way territorial expansionists usually do, take it for granted that they have the right to seize public space.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading6-7 stake a claim to,stake a claim to:

37、make a claim to, state a right to have or own sth.,e.g.,He staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold.,Detailed reading6-7 annex,Detailed reading,annex: v. take control and possession of land, a small country, etc., esp. by force; take without permission,Synonym:,occupy,e.g.,Germany annexed

38、 Austria in 1938. There are examples of people occupying public squares and annexing the pavement next to their lands.,Detailed reading8 personal space,Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. (Paragraph 8),Para

39、phrase:,In essence, personal space is more a psychological matter than a physical one. As far as we feel comfortable in our mind, it does not matter whether our physical personal space is large or small.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading8 be proportional to,Detailed reading,be proportional to: incre

40、ase or decrease at the same rate as the other thing increases or decreases, so that there is always the same relationship between the two things,Derivation:,proportion: n. the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc.,e.g.,The output should be proportional to the input. As a rule su

41、icide rates are proportional to the size of the city.,e.g.,The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width.,Detailed reading8 self-absorption,Detailed reading,self-absorption: the characteristic of thinking about things concerning oneself without noticing other people or the things

42、around him,Derivation:,self-absorbed a.,Consolidation Activities- Translation1,1. 那只鴿子被卡在樹杈里，不多一會兒就跌落下來。(wedge),If you wedge sth./sb. in sth. else, you put or squeeze the thing or the person tightly into a narrow space, so that it or he cannot move easily.,Vocabulary,Grammar,Translation,Integrated skills,Oral activities,Writing,Translate the following sentences into English.,The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and